Transfinite inductions producing coanalytic sets

A. Miller proved the consistent existence of a coanalytic two-point set, Hamel basis and MAD family. In these cases the classical transfinite induction can be modified to produce a coanalytic set. We generalize his result formulating a condition which can be easily applied in such situations. We reprove the classical results and as a new application we show that in $V=L$ there exists an uncountable coanalytic subset of the plane that intersects every $C^1$ curve in a countable set.Comment: preliminary versio

Characterization of order types of pointwise linearly ordered families of Baire class 1 functions

In the 1970s M. Laczkovich posed the following problem: Let $\mathcal{B}_1(X)$ denote the set of Baire class $1$ functions defined on an uncountable Polish space $X$ equipped with the pointwise ordering. $$\text{Characterize the order types of the linearly ordered subsets of $\mathcal{B}_1(X)$.}$$The main result of the present paper is a complete solution to this problem. We prove that a linear order is isomorphic to a linearly ordered family of Baire class $1$ functions iff it is isomorphic to a subset of the following linear order that we call $([0,1]^{<\omega_1}_{\searrow 0},<_{altlex})$, where $[0,1]^{<\omega_1}_{\searrow 0}$ is the set of strictly decreasing transfinite sequences of reals in $[0, 1]$ with last element $0$, and $<_{altlex}$, the so called \emph{alternating lexicographical ordering}, is defined as follows: if $(x_\alpha)_{\alpha\leq \xi}, (x'_\alpha)_{\alpha\leq \xi'} \in [0,1]^{<\omega_1}_{\searrow 0}$, and $\delta$ is the minimal ordinal where the two sequences differ then we say that $$(x_\alpha)_{\alpha\leq \xi} <_{altlex} (x'_\alpha)_{\alpha\leq \xi'} \iff (\delta \text{ is even and } x_{\delta}<x'_{\delta}) \text{ or } (\delta \text{ is odd and } x_{\delta}>x'_{\delta}).$$ Using this characterization we easily reprove all the known results and answer all the known open questions of the topic