The Implementation of a Public-Private Partnership for Galileo: Comparison of Galileo and Skynet 5 with Other Projects

Galileo, Europe\u27s global navigation satellite system, represents a major public infrastructure offering numerous advantages for civilian users worldwide. The public dimension combined with the significant growth of the satellite navigation markets prompted the European Union to choose a Public-Private Partnership (PPP) scheme for the deployment and operational phases of the Galileo program. After a short introduction on the fundamentals of PPP schemes, both Galileo and Skynet 5 programs are compared to other large scale PPP projects, mainly in the transport sector. It clearly appears that a strong cooperation between the public sector and industry is needed for PPPs in the space sector. The present work attempts to provide a view of the Galileo PPP from an industrial perspective and to discuss the main critical issues of its implementation: risk allocation, finance, regulatory framework and other related issues. Technical and business complexity is the key driver which determines financial aspects and risk allocation. Therefore PPPs in the space sector show unique features in comparison with other sectors. If PPPs appear to be a complicated procurement scheme to their detractors, experience shows that behind the acronym lies a concrete collaborative work which demonstrates how the public sector and industry (private) can together achieve both market and policy success. The Galileo and Skynet 5 programs do - and will - face issues in many areas. No doubt they also provide positive experiences to be transferred to future space projects and the increasing popularity of PPPs as innovative financing schemes. Reprinted with permission from The Institute of Navigation (http://ion.org/) and The Proceedings of the 18th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation, (pp. 390-399). Fairfax, VA: The Institute of Navigation

New U.S. GPS Policy From a European Perspective

On December 8, 2004, the President of the United States of America authorized the new U.S. Space-based Positioning, Navigation and Timing Policy. This new policy sets forth a forward-looking framework for the management of GPS and its augmentations. In particular, the new U.S. policy mentions interaction with other satellite navigation systems. Following the establishment of a U.S.-E.U. framework agreement for cooperation between GPS and Galileo, signed on June 26, 2004, European policy makers and industrialists expected clear statements on cooperation and interoperability issues from the new U.S. GPS policy. Regrettably, the related recommendations hold short of the need for cooperation as it focuses on space supremacy and military usage. The future coexistence of separately run and managed GNSS constellations raises many questions in security and safety related areas. Here, constructive and collaborative work is more than necessary, as the first Galileo satellite is planned for launch by December 2005. So far it looks like further action has to be envisaged in order to achieve the maximum of the framework negotiation in terms of cooperation. The ambitions of both the U.S. and the E.U. to cooperate in the satellite navigation area can rely on strong foundations on which to build, thanks to former transatlantic cooperation in space. The present decisive period for space policies therefore constitutes a window of opportunity which requires concrete actions to begin a new form of active collaboration. If GPS and Galileo are destined for a peaceful cohabitation in space, there is still much work ahead of us. The creation of joint, international offices, involving public institutions and industry, would be of great interest to further develop positioning, navigation and timing services worldwide. It would allow nations to better serve their own interests through coordinated activities in maintenance tasks or upgrades as well as for the commercialization of dedicated satellite services. Reprinted with permission from The Institute of Navigation (http://ion.org/) and The Proceedings of the 18th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation, (pp. 407-413). Fairfax, VA: The Institute of Navigation

Despliegue de WLANs en exteriores : desarrollo de una herramienta para la toma de medidas georeferenciadas

Peer Reviewe

Despliegue de WLANs en exteriores : desarrollo de una herramienta para la toma de medidas georeferenciadas

Peer Reviewe

Exposing the Gas Braking Mechanism of the beta Pictoris Disk

Ever since the discovery of the edge-on circumstellar disk around beta Pictoris, a standing question has been why the gas observed against the star in absorption is not rapidly expelled by the strong radiation pressure from the star. A solution to the puzzle has been suggested to be that the neutral elements that experience the radiation force also are rapidly ionized, and so are only able to accelerate to an average limiting velocity v_ion. Once ionized, the elements are rapidly braked by C II, which is observed to be at least 20x overabundant in the disk with respect to other species. A prediction from this scenario is that different neutral elements should reach different v_ion, depending on the ionization thresholds and strengths of driving line transitions. In particular, neutral Fe and Na are predicted to reach the radial velocities 0.5 and 3.3 km/s, respectively, before being ionized. In this paper we study the absorption profiles of Fe and Na from the circumstellar gas disk around beta Pic, as obtained by HARPS at the ESO 3.6m telescope. We find that the Fe and Na velocity profiles are indeed shifted with respect to each other, confirming the model. The absence of an extended blue wing in the profile of Na, however, indicates that there must be some additional braking on the neutrals. We explore the possibility that the ion gas (dominated by C II) can brake the neutrals, and conclude that about 2-5x more C than previously estimated is needed for the predicted line profile to be consistent with the observed one.Comment: Accepted by ApJ. 4 figs, 8 page

Work-rate analysis of substitute players in professional soccer: Analysis of seasonal variations

This study was supported by grants Xunta de Galicia[Abstract]: The aims of this study were to evaluate physical performance of substitute players versus those replaced or completing the entire match, determine physical performance of substitute players across different playing positions and examine variations in match-related running performance in substitute players throughout the entire competitive season. The sample was composed of 943 observations of professional players who participated in the first division of the Spanish League (La Liga) during the 2014-2015 season. The players were divided into three different groups: players who completed the entire match (n = 519), players who were replaced (n = 212) and substitute players (n = 212). Substitute players covered greater distances at medium and high intensity compared to the players who played the entire match and those who were replaced. Position-specific trends indicated that attackers and central midfielder increased the distance covered at high-intensity running compared to their peers who played the whole match. During the competitive season, it was observed that substitute players attained greater match running performance during the mid-season period, allowing them to cover more distance for different variables of running performance compared to the start and end of the season

Aplicación de mecanismos de automatización y energía solar fotovoltaica en Centro de Iniciación Deportiva Escolar de Trujillo

RESUMEN Con el pasar de los años existieron diversos países que crearon un advenimiento que sirva como solución a diversos conflictos sociales y a la mejora del bienestar vivencial de las personas, donde el deporte destaca como primer sistema de solución. Creaciones de nuevas instalaciones deportivas, e integraciones con la enseñanza educativa formaron el primer peldaño para una sociedad con mayor desarrollo y con menos conflictos. Actualmente en el Perú, existe una carencia significativa de proyectos arquitectónicos de calidad para estudiantes y deportistas de alto rendimiento. Como en el ámbito del departamento de La libertad, requiere con urgencia un mejoramiento en la edificación deportiva. En base a diversas fuentes, para que surja un incremento de cuantía en lo que a talentos deportivos refiere, debe haber una dotación de infraestructura acorde con la modernidad, pero la cuestión de fondo es la conservación en caso haya este tipo de establecimientos, el cual el gobierno no financia adecuadamente este modelo de edificaciones, proponiendo un Centro de Iniciación deportiva Escolar orientado a la sostenibilidad mediante mecanismos de automatización y “energía solar fotovoltaica”, que conllevará a una decrecimiento voluminoso del uso de recursos naturales, brindando modernidad y confort al usuario, haciendo una edificación no solo en inmejorables cualidades para su utilización, también para el sostenimiento, y evitar su deterioro a futuro

On the unusual gas composition in the Beta Pictoris debris disk

The metallic gas associated with the Beta Pic debris disk is not believed to be primordial, but arises from the destruction of dust grains. Recent observations have shown that carbon and oxygen in this gas are exceptionally overabundant compared to other elements, by some 400 times. We study the origin of this enrichment under two opposing hypothesis, preferential production, where the gas is produced with the observed unusual abundance (as may happen if gas is produced by photo-desorption from C/O-rich icy grains), and preferential depletion, where the gas evolves to the observed state from an original solar abundance (if outgassing occurs under high-speed collisions) under a number of dynamical processes. We include ... ... We find ... ...Comment: accepted to ApJ, revised text is highlighted in red color, the old figure 2 is removed, other figures are revise

Etude du comportement mécanique des joints de brasure Au-Ge pour le report des composants SiC pour l’électronique de puissance haute température

Ce papier contribue à l'étude de nouvelles technologies d’assemblage des puces en SiC utilisées dans les modules de puissance hautes températures (250°C). En effet, parmi tous les matériaux entrant dans l’assemblage de ces modules de puissance, le matériau de report des puces sur les substrats fait partie des matériaux les plus susceptibles aux contraintes thermomécaniques. Ainsi, pour répondre aux problématiques d'assemblage de ces puces en SiC, de nouvelles solutions de brasure doivent être développées. L’alliage de brasure Au-Ge peut être utilisé comme alliage de brasure sans plomb pour la haute température grâce à ses bonnes propriétés thermiques et mécaniques. Dans cet article, l’étude du comportement mécanique des joints formés avec la brasure Au-Ge et les puces en SiC, a été réalisée dans le but d’évaluer la robustesse et la fiabilité de ces jonctions en haute température