Pour une véritable histoire de l'éloquence

Certains historiens modernes de la rhétorique mésestiment le rôle de l'éloquence : ils oublient que l' elocutio , exercice verbal de la persuasion, était considérée comme la fonction la plus importante. Au Moyen Âge et à la Renaissance, la rhétorique n'avait rien d'une théorie abstraite : il s'agissait d'un outil. Son ignorance du rôle vital de la rhétorique au XVIe siècle fait de l'ouvrage de Wilbur Samuel Howell, Logic and Rhetoric in England . 1500-1700 , un exemple typique de cette approche historique inadéquate. Thomas Whitfield Baldwin rétablit la perspective : tous les écrivains de l'époque avaient étudié l' elocutio et appris systématiquement par cur les tropes et les figures, en Angleterre aussi bien qu'en Europe. La Renaissance, qui redécouvrait les classiques, prenait la rhétorique au sérieux; à la suite d'Isocrate et de Cicéron, elle considérait la parole comme le fondement essentiel de la vita activa , et soulignait sa contribution à la bonne marche de la société.Some contemporary historians of rhetoric misrepresent eloquence: they fail to understand that elocutio, persuasive verbal expression, was considered the highest faculty. In the Middle Ages and Renaissance, rhetoric was no abstract theory, but a tool. A typical case of inadequate historical approach is Wilbur Samuel Howell's Logic and Rhetoric in England. 1500-1700, which ignores the vital role of rhetoric in the sixteenth century. A corrective view is given by Thomas Whitfield Baldwin. All writers of that period had attended lessons in elocutio and memorized their daily share of figures and tropes, in England as well as in Europe. The Renaissance, with its re-discovery of the classics, took the rhetoric texts seriously, and in the same spirit as Isocrates and Cicero, speech was valued as the essential attribute for the vita activa, contributing to the proper functioning of society

Waste gas storage

Method for storing a waste gas mixture comprised of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and inert gases, the gas mixture containing corrosive contaminants including inorganic acids and bases and organic solvents, and derived from space station operations. The gas mixture is stored under pressure in a vessel formed of a filament wound composite overwrap on a metal liner, the metal liner being pre-stressed in compression by the overwrap, thereby avoiding any tensile stress in the liner, and preventing stress corrosion cracking of the liner during gas mixture storage

Toward an Affective Science of Resource Allocation: Psychological, Affective, and Neural Factors in Resource Allocation Decisions.

We live an environment where access to material goods is cheap, objects are easy to obtain, and we have an ever-increasing number of options to choose from. The field of decision science has advanced with this pattern, providing a greater breadth and depth of research on how and why people make decisions about material goods. However, our pervading desire to acquire things that we do not need and our failure to reallocate goods and money that may be better used by others (e.g., charities) are understudied. This dissertation investigates these processes, the factors that influence our underlying desire to acquire and our disinclination to discard the things that we do not need, using an appraisal framework. Three chapters investigate how psychological appraisal patterns, affective disorders, and neural indicators are related to resource allocation. In Chapter 2, we manipulated emotions and appraisal dimensions that have previously been associated with acquisitiveness and found that uncertain appraisals were associated with an increased drive to acquire objects. In Chapter 3, we investigated how chronic emotions are associated with acquisition and found that the combination of depression and anxiety, a high-uncertainty state, was associated with increased acquisition of objects generally, and especially less useful objects that people with hoarding disorders prefer. Chapter 4 investigated factors that influence when people will reallocate their own monetary resources to another at a cost to themselves. We found that vulnerability, high arousal/activation, and their combination led to increased donations to charitable causes. These causes were also differentially associated with brain areas that have previously been associated with charitable donations (e.g., dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, striatum) and motor-motivational regions that have not been hypothesized by prior models (e.g., premotor area, supplementary motor area). Together, these studies begin to determine the factors that influence resource allocation decisions, including both the acquisition and discarding of resources. Our approach is also one of the first to explore interactions between emotions and appraisal dimensions that tend to be overlooked in the literature but may lead to unpredicted effects and open avenues to continued scholarship in the decision and affective sciences.PhDPsychologyUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/116640/1/brvicker_1.pd

Did Shakespeare write A Lover’s Complaint?

Le seul témoin à affirmer que Shakespeare était l’auteur de « A Lover’s Complaint » est Thomas Thorpe, qui le fait dans ses Sonnets de 1609. Cependant, il existe suffisamment de preuves sur ses façons retorses de se procurer des textes pour en faire un témoin plus que douteux. Une lecture attentive du poème révèle de nombreux éléments non-shakespeariens.The only witness to Shakespeare’s authorship of “A Lover’s Complaint” is Thomas Thorpe, who claimed as much in his 1609 Sonnets. However, enough evidence exists of Thorpe’s devious ways of procuring copy for him to be regarded as a less than reliable witness. A careful reading of the poem reveals many unShakespearian elements