Attraction Of The Sand Fly Nyssomyia Neivai (diptera: Psychodidae) To Chemical Compounds In A Wind Tunnel

Background: Similar to other hematophagous insects, male and female sand flies must feed on plants to obtain sugar and, subsequently, energy to complete their life cycles. A large number of compounds emitted by plants may act as volatile signals to these insects. Primary alcohols have been detected in some plants, but in small amounts. In a previous report, the attractiveness of saturated primary alcohols with 7 to 9 carbons was evaluated for Lutzomyia longipalpis, the vector of American visceral leishmaniasis, with positive results. Methods: In the present study, a wide range of primary alcohols, 3 to 10 carbons, were tested to investigate their attractiveness to another sand fly species, Nyssomyia neivai, a putative vector of American cutaneous leishmaniasis. The mixture of compounds that induced the best sand fly response was also evaluated. Results: Of the eight compounds evaluated, hexanol and octanol elicited the best attractive responses for sand fly females. Conclusion: Phytochemicals may be an interesting source of search for new sand fly attractants.8International Foundation for Science (IFS) [F-4587-1

Attraction Of The Sand Fly Nyssomyia Neivai (diptera: Psychodidae) To Chemical Compounds In A Wind Tunnel.

Similar to other hematophagous insects, male and female sand flies must feed on plants to obtain sugar and, subsequently, energy to complete their life cycles. A large number of compounds emitted by plants may act as volatile signals to these insects. Primary alcohols have been detected in some plants, but in small amounts. In a previous report, the attractiveness of saturated primary alcohols with 7 to 9 carbons was evaluated for Lutzomyia longipalpis, the vector of American visceral leishmaniasis, with positive results. In the present study, a wide range of primary alcohols, 3 to 10 carbons, were tested to investigate their attractiveness to another sand fly species, Nyssomyia neivai, a putative vector of American cutaneous leishmaniasis. The mixture of compounds that induced the best sand fly response was also evaluated. Of the eight compounds evaluated, hexanol and octanol elicited the best attractive responses for sand fly females. Phytochemicals may be an interesting source of search for new sand fly attractants.814

Attraction of the sand fly Nyssomyia neivai (Diptera: Psychodidae) to chemical compounds in a wind tunnel

Similar to other hematophagous insects, male and female sand flies must feed on plants to obtain sugar and, subsequently, energy to complete their life cycles. A large number of compounds emitted by plants may act as volatile signals to these insects. Primary alcohols have been detected in some plants, but in small amounts. In a previous report, the attractiveness of saturated primary alcohols with 7 to 9 carbons was evaluated for Lutzomyia longipalpis, the vector of American visceral leishmaniasis, with positive results. In the present study, a wide range of primary alcohols, 3 to 10 carbons, were tested to investigate their attractiveness to another sand fly species, Nyssomyia neivai, a putative vector of American cutaneous leishmaniasis. The mixture of compounds that induced the best sand fly response was also evaluated. Of the eight compounds evaluated, hexanol and octanol elicited the best attractive responses for sand fly females.Phytochemicals may be an interesting source of search for new sand fly attractant

Estabelecimento de colônia de Lutzomyia (L.) longipalpis (Diptera:Psychodidae) e testes de túnel de vento para avaliação de substâncias atrativas para Flebotomíneos

Flebotomíneos (Diptera, Psychodidae) são incriminados na transmissão das leishmanioses. A criação destes insetos em laboratório é considerada complexa, porém é importante para que testes na área de comportamento e ecologia química sejam realizados. Um dos ramos da chamada ecologia química, avalia compostos voláteis, os quais podem ser liberados por hospedeiros ou sintetizados em laboratório, com poder atrativo para insetos hematófagos. Vem sendo bastante estudada para o grupo dos culicídeos, mas para flebotomíneos estes estudos ainda são escassos. Neste estudo foi feito o estabelecimento da colônia da espécie Lutzomyia (L.) longipalpis, coletados em Ipecaetá - BA, importante vetor da leishmaniose visceral nas Américas, e realizado testes de atratividade utilizando alcoóis (1-octen-3-ol, 1-octanol, 1-heptanol e 1- nonanol), em túnel de vento no laboratório de Parasitologia da Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas - UNESP, campus de Araraquara. Os testes foram feitos com fêmeas e machos, da colônia previamente estabelecida. Os resultados mostraram que as fêmeas apresentaram melhor resposta para os compostos nonanol e octenol e os machos para os compostos octenol, nonanol e heptanol

CONECTIVIDADE NA CONSTRUÇÃO DE CONHECIMENTOS -ADEQUAÇÃO DA GRADE CURRICULAR NO CURSO DE ENGENHARIA DE MATERIAIS

Scholar curriculum can be designed from a perspective that knowledge construction is made from a connection process between distinct information in progressive levels of complexity. Starting from what one knows, new understandings and abilities can be continuously constructed. In higher education disciplines in the scholar curriculum seems to be linearly arranged, however, sometimes there is no connectivity among subjects. Based on that, the present paper aims to raise the question of the curriculum adequacy in the construction of knowledge within the course of Materials Engineering of Federal University of Santa Catarina. To this end, questionnaires were developed and implemented with students in a specific discipline of the course for an opinion survey and for verification of prior knowledge. In general, the data show a deficiency of prior and elementary knowledge on the part of students, which ultimately result in high failing rates in this discipline

Techniques To Improve The Maintenance Of A Laboratory Colony Of Nyssomyia Neivai (diptera: Psychodidae).

The most critical phase in sand fly colonization is the high mortality in the larval instars. In this study, we sought out strategies for improving the colonization of Nyssomyia neivai, one of the vectors of cutaneous leishmaniasis agent in South America. A colony of Ny. neivai was established in the laboratory from a field population, and the productivity of adults was evaluated considering carrying capacity, diet for larvae and surface for oviposition. The highest emergency rate of adults was achieved with the fewest couples inside 150 mL rearing chambers on a sterilized diet made of rabbit feces, rabbit food, soil and fish food and with vermiculite as a substrate for oviposition and the development of larvae. Our data on Ny. neivai colonization showed that the best adult productivities were achieved with fewer couples inside the rearing chambers; smaller rearing containers of 150 mL (due to less fungi growth); sterilized diet made of rabbit feces, rabbit food, soil and fish food; and vermiculite as the substrate for oviposition and development of larvae

Influence of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis infection on the attractiveness of BALB/c mice to Nyssomyia neivai (Diptera: Psychodidae).

BACKGROUND:Phlebotomine sand flies are vectors for several pathogens, with Leishmania being the most important. In Brazil, the main aetiological agent of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) is Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, and Nyssomyia neivai is one of its main vectors in São Paulo state and other areas of South America. Similar to other haematophagous insects, sand flies use volatile compounds called kairomones to locate their hosts for blood meals. A possible increase in the attractiveness of hosts infected with Leishmania infantum to their vectors has been demonstrated. In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether L. braziliensis-infected hosts present higher attractiveness to Ny. neivai and to identify differences in the volatile compounds released by infected and uninfected mice. RESULTS:Behavioural experiments in which sand fly females directly fed on infected or uninfected mice showed no significant differences in the attractiveness of the mice or the blood volume ingested. Y-tube olfactometer bioassays also revealed no significant differences in the attractiveness of these hosts to Ny. neivai. No differences were observed in the profiles of the volatile compounds released by the two groups of mice. However, PCA and cluster analysis were able to classify the 31 identified compounds into three clusters according to their abundances. This classification showed a possible role for individual variation in the absence of differences in volatile profiles and attractiveness between infected and uninfected mice. CONCLUSION:In this first cross-sectional study with an aetiological agent of ACL, there were no statistically significant differences in the attractiveness of infected hosts to their vector