Sexualidad y embarazo: Cambios observados en la sexualidad femenina durante la gestación

Los estudios que investigan acerca de la sexualidad femenina durante una etapa tan importantecomo es el embarazo, son escasos o no publicados en nuestra literatura. Objetivos: describir loscambios observados en la actividad sexual de la mujer durante la gestación. Material y método:la población femenina compuesta por 321 gestantes quienes fueron encuestadas a través de uncuestionario estructurado para estudiar los cambios en la actividad sexual en el año 2011. Serecopilaron datos filiatorios y demográficos. El análisis estadístico se realizó utilizando el programaSPSS V.15.0. Resultados: cambios significativos en el primer trimestre de la gestación enrelación a su condición habitual, luego el interés sexual de la gestante fue francamente bajo en eltercer trimestre, esto en relación al deseo o libido, el erotismo y a la satisfacción sexual. 81% delas mujeres encuestadas desconocían de los cambios observados en el embarazo.Conclusiones: Articular los avances educativos a través de un trabajo continuo por parte de losprofesionales de la salud con el objeto de desmitificar miedos de las embarazadas y sus parejas.Se destaca la importancia de una buena educación sexual para afrontar una salud sexual plena

Aliando tecnologia da aprendizagem à qualidade de vida dos idosos

Interinstitutional project conducted empirical research concerning the quality of life of the elderly individual connected with the guided use of the Internet. For creation of an adequate virtual learning environment to the elderly, the present investigation aimed to verify what themes could be explored in this space based on the users’ predilection, and in what dimensions would rely its capacity to improve the quality of life of the elderly user. Methods involved 128 respondents to a questionnaire containing 29 questions (closed and open), living in the cities of Brasília and São Paulo and with experience in the use of the Internet. Our results are expressed as simple frequential data and suggest effects potentially beneficial to the quality of life of elderly individuals on what concerns health and coping, social networking, citizenship, and access to products and services

Hábito de fumar en embarazadas. Hospital de Clínicas de Asunción, 1999

Los objetivos de este estudio fueron: conocer laprevalencia de fumadoras y de expuestas al humo detabaco ambiental ajeno (fumadoras pasivas) entre lasembarazadas en una institución de salud, averiguar elgrado de conocimientos referente a las implicancias deltabaco sobre la salud, evaluar las molestias en un ambientecerrado con gente fumando, conocer la existencia defamiliares fumadores; y entre las fumadoras, conocer elgrado de dependencia a la nicotina, las causas del hábito,los consejos recibidos, los intentos para dejar de fumar.Material y métodos: el diseño de estudio fue el observacional,descriptivo, transversal. Se incluyeron en esteestudio 113 embarazadas (Intervalo de Confianza (IC) del95% ), que acudieron para sus controles en la MaternidadNacional del Hospital de Clínicas de Asunción, durante elaño 1 999. El método utilizado fue el de la encuesta y lainformación fue obtenida por medio de un cuestionario.Los resultados indican un 13,3% (IC95%: 7,0 a 19,6)de fumadoras y 64,6% (IC95%: 55,8 a 73,4) de fumadoraspasivas; entre todas las embarazadas, el 58,4% (IC95%:49,4 a 67,4) conocían el texto de la ley existente, 80,5%(IC95%: 73,2 a 87,8) refirieron sentir molestias en unambiente cerrado con gente fumando, el 53,1% (IC95%:43,9 a 62,3) conocían las enfermedades principales relacionadascon el hábito de fumar, 55,0% (IC95%: 45,8 a64,2) consideraron que el tabaquismo pasivo puede afectarla salud, y el 74,3% (IC95%: 66,3 a 82,3) de los familiaresfumaban; entre las fumadoras, las pruebas de dependenciaa la nicotina registraron dos casos con puntajes de siete yocho, una con cinco y las restantes con puntajes de cero ados, seis de ellas iniciaron el hábito imitando a alguien ycuatro por curiosidad, ocho recibieron consejos para dejarde fumar y 13 intentaron dejar de fumar en promedio endos oportunidades.En conclusión se observo una prevalencia importantede fumadoras activas y pasivas, en su mayoría tuvieronconocimientos sobre las implicancias del tabaco sobre lasalud; entre las fumadoras la alta dependencia a la nicotinafue escasa, en su mayoría intentaron dejar de fumar y recibieronpocos consejos para ello del personal de salud

WHO Global Survey on Maternal and Perinatal Health in Latin America: classifying caesarean sections

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Caesarean section rates continue to increase worldwide with uncertain medical consequences. Auditing and analysing caesarean section rates and other perinatal outcomes in a reliable and continuous manner is critical for understanding reasons caesarean section changes over time.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We analyzed data on 97,095 women delivering in 120 facilities in 8 countries, collected as part of the 2004-2005 Global Survey on Maternal and Perinatal Health in Latin America. The objective of this analysis was to test if the "10-group" or "Robson" classification could help identify which groups of women are contributing most to the high caesarean section rates in Latin America, and if it could provide information useful for health care providers in monitoring and planning effective actions to reduce these rates.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The overall rate of caesarean section was 35.4%. Women with single cephalic pregnancy at term without previous caesarean section who entered into labour spontaneously (groups 1 and 3) represented 60% of the total obstetric population. Although women with a term singleton cephalic pregnancy with a previous caesarean section (group 5) represented only 11.4% of the obstetric population, this group was the largest contributor to the overall caesarean section rate (26.7% of all the caesarean sections). The second and third largest contributors to the overall caesarean section rate were nulliparous women with single cephalic pregnancy at term either in spontaneous labour (group 1) or induced or delivered by caesarean section before labour (group 2), which were responsible for 18.3% and 15.3% of all caesarean deliveries, respectively.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The 10-group classification could be easily applied to a multicountry dataset without problems of inconsistencies or misclassification. Specific groups of women were clearly identified as the main contributors to the overall caesarean section rate. This classification could help health care providers to plan practical and effective actions targeting specific groups of women to improve maternal and perinatal care.</p

An innovative approach towards incorporating the end user to the NMES wearable system development

This work presents a portable and customized wearable system design towards applying Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) to tetraplegics´ upper limbs patients, from creation to production, with users’ participation into the design process. The rehabilitation system protocol for reach and grasp movements developed by an academic research group, currently applied to patients, has already proven to be effective. However, the current system and recently published researches, demonstrate proposals distancing from those who will use and manipulate it, with limitations and failures evidenced. The propose wearable system integrates electrodes and electronic components activated by a smartphone app to improve the performance of upper limb movements and optimize the system, making it more functional for your users. The methodology includes (1) Design Thinking process, (2) Parametric Design process and three dimensional production, (3) Reduction of the electronic circuits, (4) Development of Android application for setting NMES protocols and (5) Workbench tests and users experimentation. The methodology in this new approach of development proved to be feasible and effective. Results have shown that including the end users and health professionals in the design process to develop wearable system is a promising strategy to overcome the limitations of the NMES systemsCONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPNão temNão temNão temProceedings of the 13th international joint conference on biomedical engineering systems and technologie

Maternal near miss and maternal death in the World Health Organization’s 2005 global survey on maternal and perinatal health

Objective To develop an indicator of maternal near miss as a proxy for maternal death and to study its association with maternal factors and perinatal outcomes. Methods In a multicenter cross-sectional study, we collected maternal and perinatal data from the hospital records of a sample of women admitted for delivery over a period of two to three months in 120 hospitals located in eight Latin American countries. We followed a stratified multistage cluster random design. We assessed the intra-hospital occurrence of severe maternal morbidity and the latter's association with maternal characteristics and perinatal outcomes. Findings Of the 97 095 women studied, 2964 (34 per 1000) were at higher risk of dying in association with one or more of the following: being admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), undergoing a hysterectomy, receiving a blood transfusion, suffering a cardiac or renal complication, or having eclampsia. Being older than 35 years, not having a partner, being a primipara or para > 3, and having had a Caesarean section in the previous pregnancy were factors independently associated with the occurrence of severe maternal morbidity. They were also positively associated with an increased occurrence of low and very low birth weight, stillbirth, early neonatal death, admission to the neonatal ICU, a prolonged maternal postpartum hospital stay and Caesarean section. Conclusion Women who survive the serious conditions described could be pragmatically considered cases of maternal near miss. Interventions to reduce maternal and perinatal mortality should target women in these high-risk categories.882113119USAIDDepartment of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health OrganizationWorld Health Organizatio

Maternal near miss and maternal death in the World Health Organization's 2005 global survey on maternal and perinatal health

OBJECTIVE: To develop an indicator of maternal near miss as a proxy for maternal death and to study its association with maternalfactors and perinatal outcomes. METHODS: In a multicenter cross-sectional study, we collected maternal and perinatal data from the hospital records of a sample of women admitted for delivery over a period of two to three months in 120 hospitals located in eight Latin American countries. We followed a stratified multistage cluster random design. We assessed the intra-hospital occurrence of severe maternal morbidity and the latter's association with maternal characteristics and perinatal outcomes. FINDINGS: Of the 97 095 women studied, 2964 (34 per 1000) were at higher risk of dying in association with one or more of the following: being admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), undergoing a hysterectomy, receiving a blood transfusion, suffering a cardiac or renal complication, or having eclampsia. Being older than 35 years, not having a partner, being a primipara or para > 3, and having had a Caesarean section in the previous pregnancy were factors independently associated with the occurrence of severe maternal morbidity. They were also positively associated with an increased occurrence of low and very low birth weight, stillbirth, early neonatal death, admission to the neonatal ICU, a prolonged maternal postpartum hospital stay and Caesarean section. CONCLUSION: Women who survive the serious conditions described could be pragmatically considered cases of maternal near miss. Interventions to reduce maternal and perinatal mortality should target women in these high-risk categories

Methodological considerations in implementing the WHO Global Survey for Monitoring Maternal and Perinatal Health

OBJECTIVE: To set up a global system for monitoring maternal and perinatal health in 54 countries worldwide. METHODS: The WHO Global Survey for Monitoring Maternal and Perinatal Health was implemented through a network of health institutions, selected using a stratified multistage cluster sampling design. Focused information on maternal and perinatal health was abstracted from hospital records and entered in a specially developed online data management system. Data were collected over a two- to three-month period in each institution. The project was coordinated by WHO and supported by WHO regional offices and country coordinators in Africa and the Americas. FINDINGS: The initial survey was implemented between September 2004 and March 2005 in the African and American regions. A total of 131 institutions in seven African countries and 119 institutions in eight Latin American countries participated. CONCLUSION: This project has created a technologically simple and scientifically sound system for large-scale data management, which can facilitate programme monitoring in countries

Maternal and neonatal individual risks and benefits associated with caesarean delivery: multicentre prospective study

Objective To assess the risks and benefits associated with caesarean delivery compared with vaginal delivery