Efeito da taxa de resfriamento na formação de ferrita delta no cordão de solda de aços inoxidaveis austenicos tipo 304, 304L e 316

Orientador: Roseana da E. TrevisanDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia MecanicaResumo: Este trabalho descreve o efeito da taxa de resfriamento na microestrutura do cordão de solda de chapas de aço inoxidável austenítico tipo 304, 304 L e 316 , com 3,0 mm de espessura. Foram enfatizados 3 aspectos (a) variação do teor de ferrita delta no cordão de solda em função das diferentes taxas de resfriamento ; (b) variação do teor de cromo e niquel nas fases ferrita e austenita, em função da taxa de resfriamento; (c ) alterações no Diagrama de Schaeffler com as diferentes taxas de resfriamento. O processo de soldagem utilizado foi o SATG Soldagem ao Arco Tungstênio em Atmosfera Gasosa)...Observação: O resumo, na íntegra, poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digitalAbstract: This work describes the effect of cooling weld fillet microstructure of austenitic stainless type 304 , 304L and 316 , with 3,0 mm thickness. Three aspects have been emphasized (a) delta ferrite content variation on the weld fillet as a function of the differents cooling ratesi ( b ) Chromium and Nickel content variation on the ferrite and austenitic phases, as a function of the cooling rate ( c ) Schaeffler Diagram implications with the differents cooling rates. The TIG ( Tungsten Inert Gas ) process of welding was used ...Note: The complete abstract is available with the full electronic digital thesis or dissertationsMestradoMestre em Engenharia Mecânic

Pulsed Nd:YAG laser seam welding of AISI 316L stainless steel thin foils

Experimental investigations were carried out using a pulsed neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet laser weld to examine the influence of the pulse energy in the characteristics of the weld fillet. The pulse energy was varied from 1.0 to 2.25J at increments of 0.25J with a 4 ms pulse duration. The base material used for this study was AISI 316L stainless steel foil with 100 mu m thickness. The welds were analyzed by optical microscopy, tensile shear tests and microhardness. The results indicate that pulse energy control is of considerable importance to thin foil weld quality because it can generate good mechanical properties and reduce discontinuities in weld joints. The ultimate tensile strength of the welded joints increased at first and then decreased as the pulse energy increased. The process appeared to be very sensitive to the gap between couples. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Application of pulsed Nd:YAG laser in thin foil microwelding

Experimental investigations were carried out using a Nd:YAG laser operating in pulsed mode for welding a lap joint between thin foil and thick sheet. The pulse energy was varied from 1.5 to 3.0 J at increments of 0.25 J with a 4 ms pulse duration. The base material used for this study was AISI 316L foils with 100 mu m thickness and sheet with 3.0 mm thickness. The welds were analysed by optical and electronic microscopy, tensile shear tests and micro hardness. The results indicate that pulse energy control is of considerable importance to join thin foil and thick sheet with good quality. The ultimate tensile strength of the welded joints increased at first and then decreased as the pulse energy increased. The process appeared to be very sensitive to the gap between couples. Large voids delimited by the molten zone boundary were observed in joints welded with high pulse energy

Aplicação de cavacos de titânio para produção de revestimentos resistentes ao desgaste

Equipments of the sugar-cane plants and mineral extraction are submitted to severe abrasive wear conditions. Welded hardfacing are usually applied to repair that kind of damage where commercial chromium/carbon-rich welding consumables have usually been employed. In the present work was investigated the microstructure of experimental hardfacings made by addition of residues (chips) collected from machining of ASTM F67 (unalloyed Ti, grade 4) alloy. Mixtures with different carbide-formers (Cr/Nb ferro-alloys) were also tested. Two layers of pure chips (Ti), chips plus Fe-Cr (Ti-Cr), and chips plus Fe-Nb (Ti-Nb) were applied on low-carbon steel specimens by GTAW/TIG process. The microstructure of hardfacing layers was observed by optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with EDS microanalysis. The microstructural characterization has determined that carbide distributions change significantly with the chemical nature of the hardfacing. SEM observations coupled with EDS microanalysis have confirmed the formation of complex carbides within metal weld, whose stoichiometry was determined by X-rays diffraction (XRD) analysis. Mixed carbides MC-type and some cementite have been found. As a result it was suggested that using of ASTM F67 chips as carbide formers for composition of welding consumables can contribute to improve wear resistance of hardfacings, if compared with traditional chromium-based hardfacings.Equipamentos usados nas usinas sucroalcooleiras e de extração mineral são submetidos a condições severas de desgaste abrasivo. Revestimentos duros são usualmente aplicados para reparar este tipo de dano, sendo bastante empregados consumíveis de soldagem contendo altos teores de cromo e carbono. No presente trabalho visa investigar a microestrutura de revestimentos duros formados com a fusão de cavacos de titânio puro ASTM F67 grau 4, material usado na fabricação de implantes odontológicos. Misturas com diferentes formadores de carbonetos (Fe-Cr e Fe-Nb como aditivos) também foram testadas. Revestimentos feitos com duas camadas de cavacos puros (Ti), cavacos com Fe-Cr (Ti-Cr) e cavacos com Fe-Nb (Ti-Nb) foram depositadas sobre peças de aço-carbono por soldagem TIG/GTAW. A microestrutura das camadas foi observada com microscópio óptico e por microscópio eletrônico de varredura equipado com microanálise. A caracterização microestrutural revelou que a distribuição de carbonetos varia significativamente com a natureza química dos aditivos usados. A microanálise mostrou que houve a formação de carbonetos com composição química complexa no seio do metal de solda, cuja estequiometria foi determinada com análise por difração de raios-X. Carbonetos mistos do tipo MC e cementita foram identificados. Os resultados apresentados indicam que a aplicação de cavacos de titânio ASTM F67, como insumo para formação de carbonetos, pode contribuir para melhorar a resistência ao desgaste em comparação aos tradicionais revestimentos duros com carbonetos de cromo.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES