Panorama das pesquisas dos programas de pós-graduação em extensão rural brasileira, com foco nos atores sociais e institucionais

Busca-se, com este trabalho, estudar a situação dos programas de pós-graduação em extensão rural e a influência deles no entendimento científico focalizado nos principais atores sociais e institucionais. Metodologicamente, valendo-se da pesquisa analítica qualitativa, optou-se por utilizar o estado da arte, o qual interage com a produção acadêmica por meio da quantificação e da identificação de dados bibliográficos. Compuseram o corpus de análise dissertações e teses de três programas de pós-graduação do Brasil: Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria e Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco. De modo geral, nos três programas, as principais categorias de análise dos grupos os quais demandaram suas pesquisas acadêmicas são Agricultura Familiar e Políticas Públicas em Geral

Leaf Anatomy Of Acrocomia (arecaceae): An Additional Contribution To The Taxonomic Resolution Of A Genus With Great Economic Potential

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Acrocomia is one of the most complex genera to understand in the Neotropical Arecaceae, and there is no consensus on the number of species in the genus. A comparative study of leaf anatomy was conducted on seven species of Acrocomia: one with a wide distribution in the Americas (A. aculeata), five endemic to different regions of Brazil, Bolivia and Paraguay (A. emensis, A. glaucescens, A. hassleri, A. intumescens and A. totai) and one endemic to Cuba (A. crispa). Characters that unify the species of Acrocomia include the following: epidermis covered with cuticle, hypodermis on both sides of the leaflets, non-vascular fiber bundles, and primary and secondary vascular bundles. The shape of the leaflet margin, the distribution of the primary vascular bundles and fiber bundles, the number of idioblasts with raphides and the size of the vascular bundles, along with other characteristics, were used to distinguish these species in Acrocomia.3032233248Fundacao de Apoio a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)Montgomery Botanical CenterFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Aplicações Industriais da Física das Radiações: um enfoque CTS

This paper presents a proposal for the inclusion of the Physics of Radiation, based on the National Curriculum Guidelines for Secondary Education is presented, focused on the technical course in Industrial Mechanics of a federal institution located in Baixada Fluminense (RJ). In the region near the school, radiation is used in the production processes of the industries located there. It is common among different types of radiation, the use of gamma gammagraphy; a type of non-destructive test is X-ray inspection of parts of its structural integrity, especially for quality control purposes. For the educational proposal, we highlight the use of STS (Science, Technology and Society) focus and research activities for teaching concepts related to radioactivity and its industrial application is justified by its use in real situations, where they discussed the development impacts of science and technology in society. Although it has different applicabilities in the labor market in which the student is inserted, it is a subject little explored. It is expected that this initiative can contribute not only to better professional practice, but also to the formation of critical citizens in the use of nuclear technologyEn este trabajo se presenta una propuesta para la inclusión de la Física de la Radiaciones, sobre la base de las Directrices Curriculares Nacionales para la Educación Secundaria, se centró en el curso técnico en Mecánica Industrial de una institución federal ubicada en la Baixada Fluminense (RJ). En la región cerca de la escuela, radiación es utilizada en los procesos de producción de las industrias ubicadas allí. Es común entre diferentes tipos de radiación, el uso de radiación gamma por gammagrafía, un tipo de ensayo no destructivo que consiste de rayos X para la inspección de piezas de su integridad estructural, especialmente para fines de control de calidad. Para la propuesta educativa, destacamos el uso de lo enfoque CTS (Ciencia, Tecnología y Sociedad) y las actividades de investigación para la enseñanza de conceptos relacionados con la radiactividad y su aplicación industrial se justifica por su uso en situaciones reales, donde se discuten los impactos del desarrollo la ciencia y la tecnología en la sociedad. Aunque tiene diferentes aplicabilidades en el mercado de trabajo en el que se introduce al alumno, es tema poco explorado. Se espera que esta iniciativa puede contribuir no sólo a una mejor práctica profesional, sino también a la formación de ciudadanos más críticos en el uso de la tecnología nuclea

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora