Examining the effects of lead on the life of larval zebrafish (1-7 days old)

Lead (Pb) is a toxic metal and and can cause variety of disorders and effect on neu-ronal function and neurodevelopment. Using zebrafish as a model, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of concentrations of Pb2+ on the life of zebrafish larvae (from 1 to 7 days old)yesBelgorod State Universit

Effect of time and temperature on the survival rate of mouse sperm (Mus musculus var. Albino) in short-term preservation without cryoprotectant agents

In this study, we studied the use of physiological saline solution (NaCl 0,9%) or dulbecco’s phosphatebuffered saline (D-PBS) for mature sperms short-term preservation. After being collected from epididymides, sperms were adjusted to desired concentration (2x106 sperms/ml) with NaCl 0.9% solution or D-PBS solution (the dishes containing sperms were covered by mineral oil) and stored at 4oC, iooC and room temperature (RT/26oC

Detection of Staphylococci from nasal samples from healthy and sick dogs in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Staphylococci are one of the most commonly found opportunistic bacteria in animals and human. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus spp. isolated from healthy and sick dogs visiting veterinary clinics in Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam from January 2022 to December 2022. A total of 123 nasal swab samples were collected, including 40 samples from healthy dogs and 83 samples from dogs with respiratory symptoms. Staphylococcus spp. were isolated from 47.5% of healthy animals and 60.24% of dogs showing respiratory symptoms. The study showed that isolation rates from confined, semi-confined and free-ranging dogs were 75.86%, 54.84% and 40.63%, respectively. Furthermore, the prevalence was higher in dogs over one year old compared to younger dogs (64.10% and 42.22%, respectively). Several subspecies of Staphylococci, including S. aureus, S. pseudintermedius and S. epidermidis were identified, in which S. pseudintermedius accounted for the highest proportion (48.28%). The prevalence of S. pseudintermedius also varied across different age groups. Coagulase activity of the isolated Staphylococcus strains was also determined and indicated that coagulase-positive Staphylococci constituted 80.46% of the isolates. This study represents the first report on the prevalence of Staphylococci in dogs in Vietnam and reemphasizes the zoonotic significance of Staphylococcus at the interface between dogs and humans

Quantifying antimicrobial access and usage for paediatric diarrhoeal disease in an urban community setting in Asia.

OBJECTIVES: Antimicrobial-resistant infections are a major global health issue. Ease of antimicrobial access in developing countries is proposed to be a key driver of the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) epidemic despite a lack of community antimicrobial usage data. METHODS: Using a mixed-methods approach (geospatial mapping, simulated clients, healthcare utilization, longitudinal cohort) we assessed antimicrobial access in the community and quantified antimicrobial usage for childhood diarrhoea in an urban Vietnamese setting. RESULTS: The study area had a pharmacy density of 15.7 pharmacies/km2 (a pharmacy for every 1316 people). Using a simulated client method at pharmacies within the area, we found that 8% (3/37) and 22% (8/37) of outlets sold antimicrobials for paediatric watery and mucoid diarrhoea, respectively. However, despite ease of pharmacy access, the majority of caregivers would choose to take their child to a healthcare facility, with 81% (319/396) and 88% (347/396) of responders selecting a specialized hospital as one of their top three preferences when seeking treatment for watery and mucoid diarrhoea, respectively. We calculated that at least 19% (2688/14427) of diarrhoea episodes in those aged 1 to <5 years would receive an antimicrobial annually; however, antimicrobial usage was almost 10 times greater in hospitals than in the community. CONCLUSIONS: Our data question the impact of community antimicrobial usage on AMR and highlight the need for better education and guidelines for all professionals with the authority to prescribe antimicrobials

The influence of human genetic variation on early transcriptional responses and protective immunity following immunization with Rotarix vaccine in infants in Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam : a study protocol for an open single-arm interventional trial [awaiting peer review]

Background: Rotavirus (RoV) remains the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in infants and children aged under five years in both high- and low-middle-income countries (LMICs). In LMICs, RoV infections are associated with substantial mortality. Two RoV vaccines (Rotarix and Rotateq) are widely available for use in infants, both of which have been shown to be highly efficacious in Europe and North America. However, for unknown reasons, these RoV vaccines have markedly lower efficacy in LMICs. We hypothesize that poor RoV vaccine efficacy across in certain regions may be associated with genetic heritability or gene expression in the human host. Methods/design: We designed an open-label single-arm interventional trial with the Rotarix RoV vaccine to identify genetic and transcriptomic markers associated with generating a protective immune response against RoV. Overall, 1,000 infants will be recruited prior to Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) vaccinations at two months of age and vaccinated with oral Rotarix vaccine at two and three months, after which the infants will be followed-up for diarrheal disease until 18 months of age. Blood sampling for genetics, transcriptomics, and immunological analysis will be conducted before each Rotarix vaccination, 2-3 days post-vaccination, and at each follow-up visit (i.e. 6, 12 and 18 months of age). Stool samples will be collected during each diarrheal episode to identify RoV infection. The primary outcome will be Rotarix vaccine failure events (i.e. symptomatic RoV infection despite vaccination), secondary outcomes will be antibody responses and genotypic characterization of the infection virus in Rotarix failure events. Discussion: This study will be the largest and best powered study of its kind to be conducted to date in infants, and will be critical for our understanding of RoV immunity, human genetics in the Vietnam population, and mechanisms determining RoV vaccine-mediated protection. Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT03587389. Registered on 16 July 2018

Estimation of the market risk exposure of Vietnamese banks’ portfolios using VaR approach

This paper analyses the effectiveness of different methods to estimate Value-at-Risk (VaR) of VN-index, proxy of a Vietnamese bank’s portfolio. Both parametric and non-parametric approaches are employed to estimate daily VaRs for two sets of data, one of those sets is 8 months behind the other. We find that non-parametric methods are more reliable than parametric methods when employed to estimate VaR for a bank’s portfolio in Vietnamese market. Volatility weighted methods perform better for the first set of data, where there is a sudden jumps in the returns. Meanwhile, Basic historical simulation work best for the data that fluctuates dramatically but have no impulsive jumps over time. Our conclusion is that to correctly estimate the maximum loss of a bank’s portfolio, especially in the unstable market like Vietnam, it is important to choose the suitable window size to estimate VaR

Tác động của khoa học công nghệ tới cơ hội việc làm của con người

Trong các nguồn lực phát triển kinh tế - xã hội, khoa học và công nghệ là một trong những nhân tố đóng vai trò quan trọng hàng đầu. Cách mạng khoa học và công nghệ đang tạo tiền đề, điều kiện và cũng là động lực hình thành và thúc đẩy hàng loạt các hiện tượng, công việc khác của con người trong đời sống, xã hội (KH&amp;CN, 2021). Khoa học - công nghệ góp phần mở rộng khả năng phát hiện và khai thác có hiệu quả các nguồn lực, sản phẩm khoa học - công nghệ đóng góp trực tiếp vào GDP, đồng thời quyết định tăng trưởng trong dài hạn và chất lượng tăng trưởng, tạo điều kiện chuyển đổi từ chiều rộng sang chiều sâu. Khoa học - công nghệ ngày càng phát triển kéo theo sự ra đời hàng loạt của các công nghệ mới, hiện đại như: vật liệu mới, công nghệ nano, công nghệ sinh học, điện tử, viễn thông… làm tăng các yếu tố của sản xuất - kinh doanh, tăng thu nhập, điều đó dẫn đến sự gia tăng chi tiêu cho tiêu dùng của người dân và do đó cũng tăng đầu tư cho cả nền kinh tế (G.Hưng, 2020). Sự phát triển công nghệ luôn mang đến những điểm đột phá, và cách thức vận động mới cho nền kinh tế thị trường. Thế nhưng đã có nhiều câu hỏi được đặt ra là liệu rằng công nghệ có đang thực sự mang lại cho con người cơ hội làm việc hay là hay là đang lấy đi những công việc từ tay của những người công nhân? Máy móc có đang chiếm lấy công việc của chúng ta? Hay chính người công nhân đã trở nên lỗi thời bởi trí tuệ nhân tạo và robot? Để trả lời cho những câu hỏi trên, nhóm 3 chúng tôi đã quyết định viết bài luận này nhằm nghiên cứu những vấn đề xung quanh tác động của khoa học công nghệ tới cơ hội việc làm của con người trên toàn thế giới. Cấu trúc bài luận bao gồm ba phần như sau: Thực trạng; Tác động; Nguyên nhân; Giải pháp

Effect of time and temperature on the survival rate of mouse sperm (Mus musculus var. Albino) in short-term preservation without cryoprotectant agents

yesIn this study, we studied the use of physiological saline solution (NaCl 0,9%) or dulbecco’s phosphatebuffered saline (D-PBS) for mature sperms short-term preservation. After being collected from epididymides, sperms were adjusted to desired concentration (2x106 sperms/ml) with NaCl 0.9% solution or D-PBS solution (the dishes containing sperms were covered by mineral oil) and stored at 4oC, iooC and room temperature (RT/26oC)Belgorod State Universit

Examining the effects of lead on the life of larval zebrafish (1-7 days old)

yesLead (Pb) is a toxic metal and and can cause variety of disorders and effect on neu-ronal function and neurodevelopment. Using zebrafish as a model, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of concentrations of Pb2+ on the life of zebrafish larvae (from 1 to 7 days old)Belgorod State Universit