Implementierung und Anwendung von Algorithmen zum Erzeugen und Manipulieren von Linienmengen

Im Rahmen der Entwicklung der nächsten Version der FAnToM-Visualisierungssoftware wurde die bestehende Pipeline-Struktur durch Datenflussnetzwerke ersetzt. Dabei wurde die neue Datenstruktur 'Linienmenge' eingeführt. Da der Datenstruktur der Linienmengen bisher in der Literatur kaum Beachtung geschenkt wurde, sollen in dieser Arbeit sechs Algorithmen zum Erzeugen und Manipulieren solcher Linienmengen vorgestellt werden, welche auf die Datenstruktur angepasst oder speziell dafür neu entwickelt wurden. Dabei soll großer Wert auf die Effizienz der Algorithmen gelegt legen, da sich FAnToM unter anderem auch dadurch von anderen Visualisierungssystemen abhebt, dass es auch große Mengen an Daten von unstrukturierten Gittern schnell und effizient verarbeiten kann

Predicting non-response to multimodal day clinic treatment in severely impaired depressed patients: a machine learning approach

A considerable number of depressed patients do not respond to treatment. Accurate prediction of non-response to routine clinical care may help in treatment planning and improve results. A longitudinal sample of N = 239 depressed patients was assessed at admission to multi-modal day clinic treatment, after six weeks, and at discharge. First, patient’s treatment response was modelled by identifying longitudinal trajectories using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-17). Then, individual items of the HDRS-17 at admission as well as individual patient characteristics were entered as predictors of response/non-response trajectories into the binary classification model (eXtremeGradient Boosting; XGBoost). The model was evaluated on a hold-out set and explained in human-interpretable form by SHapley Additive explanation (SHAP) values. The prediction model yielded a multi-class AUC = 0.80 in the hold-out set. The predictive power for the binary classification yielded an AUC = 0.83 (sensitivity = .80, specificity = .77). Most relevant predictors for non-response were insomnia symptoms, younger age, anxiety symptoms, depressed mood, being unemployed, suicidal ideation and somatic symptoms of depressive disorder. Non-responders to routine treatment for depression can be identified and screened for potential next-generation treatments. Such predictors may help personalize treatment and improve treatment response

Modulating attentional load affects numerosity estimation: evidence against a pre-attentive subitizing mechanism

Traditionally, the visual enumeration of a small number of items (1 to about 4), referred to as subitizing, has been thought of as a parallel and pre-attentive process and functionally different from the serial attentive enumeration of larger numerosities. We tested this hypothesis by employing a dual task paradigm that systematically manipulated the attentional resources available to an enumeration task. Enumeration accuracy for small numerosities was severely decreased as more attentional resources were taken away from the numerical task, challenging the traditionally held notion of subitizing as a pre-attentive, capacity-independent process. Judgement of larger numerosities was also affected by dual task conditions and attentional load. These results challenge the proposal that small numerosities are enumerated by a mechanism separate from large numerosities and support the idea of a single, attention-demanding enumeration mechanism

Simple-ML: Towards a Framework for Semantic Data Analytics Workflows

In this paper we present the Simple-ML framework that we develop to support efficient configuration, robustness and reusability of data analytics workflows through the adoption of semantic technologies. We present semantic data models that lay the foundation for the framework development and discuss the data analytics workflows based on these models. Furthermore, we present an example instantiation of the Simple-ML data models for a real-world use case in the mobility domain. © 2019, The Author(s)

Rotational bands in neutron-rich 169,171,172Er

The neutron-rich 169,171,172Er nuclei were populated by few-neutron transfer reactions between 170Er and 238U at a near barrier energy. The spectroscopy of these Er isotopes was studied using prompt γ rays correlated with delayed transitions or events involving at least three prompt transitions. The ground-state band of 172Er was populated up to spin 22+ at an excitation energy of 5528 keV. Rotational bands built on the 1/2-[521], 5/2-[512], and 7/2 +[633] neutron configurations in 169,171Er were extended to substantially higher spins than previously known. The signature splitting observed in these rotational bands is addressed within the framework of the particle-rotor model in terms of triaxiality and Coriolis attenuation. The signature inversion observed in the 5/2-[512] band is well reproduced by including the triaxial degree of freedom in the calculation. Attenuating the Coriolis interaction in the calculation is found to be necessary to reproduce the signature splitting observed in the 7/2+[633] band. A similar Coriolis attenuation also is needed to account for the signature splitting as well as the B(M1)/B(E2) ratios in the 7/2+[633] ground-state band in the neighboring N=99 isotones, 167Er and 169Yb

Kπ = 4- isomers and their rotational bands in 168,170Er

The half-life of the known I,Kπ=4-,4- state in 170Er has been measured to be 42.8±1.7 ns. The rotational band built on this isomer was excited inelastically up to spin 18- by a 238U beam at Elab=1358 MeV. A similar band in 168Er was extended to spin 15-. The wave function of the isomeric state in 170Er has been determined from the measured |gK-gR| values, which were deduced from the intensity ratios of the ΔI=1 to δI=2 transitions within the band. The dominant component consists of a two-quasiproton configuration involving the Nilsson orbits 7/2-[523] and l/2+[411]. In contrast, the two-quasineutron configuration involving the 7/2+[633] and 1/2 -[521] Nilsson orbits constitutes the major component for the wave function of the Kπ=4- isomer in 168Er

Complex band interactions in 170Er

Inelastic excitation of 170Er by a 238U beam, studied at near-barrier energies, has led to the observation of unusual features in rotational bands built on low-lying vibrations. The population of the high-spin members of the Kπ=0+, β-vibrational band is enhanced due to mixing with the Kπ=2+, γ-vibrational band at spin 4+. Strong mixing of the Kπ=0+ band with a rotationally aligned 2 qp band results in this band losing its β-vibrational character and in a rapid gain in spin alignment leading to a crossing with the ground-state band between spins 2O+ and 22+. The low-lying Kπ=3+ band also is populated. It subsequently decays to both the γ-vibrational and the ground-state bands. The occurrence of appreciable K-forbidden E2 transitions from the Kπ=3+ to the ground-state band is attributed to mixing with the Kπ=2+ band, caused by the interaction between the quadrupole γ-vibrational and the hexadecapole vibrational motions

Amplified Cold Transduction in Native Nociceptors by M-Channel Inhibition

Topically applied camphor elicits a sensation of cool, but nothing is known about how it affects cold temperature sensing. We found that camphor sensitizes a subpopulation of menthol-sensitive native cutaneous nociceptors in the mouse to cold, but desensitizes and partially blocks heterologously expressed TRPM8(transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 8). In contrast, camphor reduces potassium outward currents in cultured sensory neurons and, in cold nociceptors, the cold-sensitizing effects of camphor and menthol are additive. Using a membrane potential dye-based screening assay and heterologously expressed potassium channels, we found that the effects of camphor are mediated by inhibition of K(v)7.2/3 channels subtypes that generate the M-current in neurons. In line with this finding, the specific M-current blocker XE991 reproduced the cold-sensitizing effect of camphor in nociceptors. However, the M-channel blocking effects of XE991 and camphor are not sufficient to initiate cold transduction but require a cold-activated inward current generated by TRPM8. The cold-sensitizing effects of XE991 and camphor are largest in high-threshold cold nociceptors. Low-threshold corneal cold thermoreceptors that express high levels of TRPM8 and lack potassium channels are not affected by camphor. We also found that menthol-like camphor-potently inhibits K(v)7.2/3 channels. The apparent functional synergism arising from TRPM8 activation and M-current block can improve the effectiveness of topical coolants and cooling lotions, and may also enhance TRPM8-mediated analgesia