Late Iron Age longhouse chronology: A study aimed at constructing a formal house chronology for the Late Iron Age, based on selected localities in central and eastern Jutland

This paper presents a formalised chronological study of the longhouses of the Late Iron Age. This is based on the correspondence analysis of data relating to house ground plans recorded at a number of Iron Age settlements in central and eastern Jutland, which, as a region, has the most comprehensive relevant data set, including many constructional details. The chronology constitutes a formalisation of the house-chronological considerations undertaken to date in reference to settlements in Jutland and results in a seriable sequence, the chronological significance of which is supported by stratigraphic observations. The study demonstrates that, in general, the investigated settlements follow the same chronological development and can therefore be correlated. Moreover, it shows that the placing of each individual house in the chronology is subject to some uncertainty, due to the relatively small number and long duration of the chronological features

Århus 2030: Vækst uden udvidelse, mobilitet uden bil

Et ønske om 75.000 flere indbyggere og et tilsvarende antal arbejdspladser i Århus Kommune in- den 2030 rejser naturligt spørgsmål i forhold til hvordan denne vækst håndteres. Et af de væsentli- ge spørgsmål i den forbindelse er hvordan trafikken afvikles på et vejnet, der presses af 25 % flere indbyggere og op mod 30 % flere arbejdspladser med udgangspunkt i visionerne beskrevet i Planstrategi 2008 for Århus kommuner. Dette paper beskæftiger sig med dette spørgsmål, og i særlig grad om mulighederne for at afvikle det øgede transportbehov på andre måder end ved hjælp af privat biltrafik. Paperet er baseret på et afgangsprojekt, udarbejdet af Henrik Vestergaard Petersen og Mads Laursen i foråret 2007, med Lektor Ph.d. Henrik Harder som vejleder, som indeholder analyse og løsningsforslag indenfor kollektiv trafik og bystruktur i Århus. Paperet viser, at Århus er relativt spredt udviklet. Dette til trods formår det kollektive trafiksystem at sikre, at de fleste af byens boliger og arbejdspladser kan nås indenfor gangafstand fra kollektiv trafik. Systemet har dog svag dækning med højfrekvent busdrift, hvilket sammen med indirekte linjeføring og lang køretid gør det svært for den kollektive trafik at blive opfattet som et reelt alternativ til bilen. Paperet præsenterer et alternativ til denne situation, hvor der udlægges et begrænset areal til by- vækst, mens der lægges stor vægt på central lokalisering og fortætning. Med central placering af byudviklingen skabes bedre tilgængelighed til, og bedre grundlag for, kollektiv trafik. Løsningsforslaget opsætter tilsvarende et hurtigt, højfrekvent og direkte bussystem, med fokus på at betjene byens tætte områder bedst muligt

Århus 2030: Vækst uden udvidelse, mobilitet uden bil

Et ønske om 75.000 flere indbyggere og et tilsvarende antal arbejdspladser i Århus Kommune in- den 2030 rejser naturligt spørgsmål i forhold til hvordan denne vækst håndteres. Et af de væsentli- ge spørgsmål i den forbindelse er hvordan trafikken afvikles på et vejnet, der presses af 25 % flere indbyggere og op mod 30 % flere arbejdspladser med udgangspunkt i visionerne beskrevet i Planstrategi 2008 for Århus kommuner. Dette paper beskæftiger sig med dette spørgsmål, og i særlig grad om mulighederne for at afvikle det øgede transportbehov på andre måder end ved hjælp af privat biltrafik. Paperet er baseret på et afgangsprojekt, udarbejdet af Henrik Vestergaard Petersen og Mads Laursen i foråret 2007, med Lektor Ph.d. Henrik Harder som vejleder, som indeholder analyse og løsningsforslag indenfor kollektiv trafik og bystruktur i Århus. Paperet viser, at Århus er relativt spredt udviklet. Dette til trods formår det kollektive trafiksystem at sikre, at de fleste af byens boliger og arbejdspladser kan nås indenfor gangafstand fra kollektiv trafik. Systemet har dog svag dækning med højfrekvent busdrift, hvilket sammen med indirekte linjeføring og lang køretid gør det svært for den kollektive trafik at blive opfattet som et reelt alternativ til bilen. Paperet præsenterer et alternativ til denne situation, hvor der udlægges et begrænset areal til by- vækst, mens der lægges stor vægt på central lokalisering og fortætning. Med central placering af byudviklingen skabes bedre tilgængelighed til, og bedre grundlag for, kollektiv trafik. Løsningsforslaget opsætter tilsvarende et hurtigt, højfrekvent og direkte bussystem, med fokus på at betjene byens tætte områder bedst muligt

Higher intake of fish and fat is associated with lower plasma s-adenosylhomocysteine: a cross-sectional study

The final publication is available at Elsevier via https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2017.09.008 2017. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Several B-vitamins act as co-factors in one-carbon metabolism, a pathway that plays a central role in several chronic diseases. However, there is a lack of knowledge of how diet affects markers in one-carbon metabolism. The aim of this study was to explore dietary patterns and components associated with one-carbon metabolites. We hypothesized that intake of whole-grains and fish would be associated with lower Hcy, and higher SAM:SAH ratio due to their nutrient content. We assessed dietary information using a four-day dietary record in 118 men and women with features of the metabolic syndrome. In addition we assessed whole-blood fatty acid composition and plasma alkylresorcinols. Plasma s-adenosylmethionine (SAM), s-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), homocysteine (Hcy) and vitamin B12 was included as one-carbon metabolism markers. We used principal component analysis (PCA) to explore dietary patterns and multiple linear regression models to examine associations between dietary factors and one-carbon metabolites. PCA separated subjects based on prudent and unhealthy dietary patterns, but the dietary pattern score was not related to the one-carbon metabolites. Whole grain intake was found to be inversely associated to plasma Hcy (?4.7% (?9.3; 0.0), P=.05) and total grain intake tended to be positively associated with SAM and SAH (2.4% (?0.5; 5.5), P=.08; 5.8% (?0.2; 12.1), P=.06, respectively, per SD increase in cereal intake). Fish intake was inversely associated with plasma Hcy and SAH concentrations (?5.4% (?9.7; ?0.8), P=.02 and ?7.0% (?12.1; ?1.5), P=.01, respectively) and positively associated with the SAM:SAH ratio (6.2% (1.6; 11.0), P=.008). In conclusion, intake and fish and whole-grain appear to be associated with a beneficial one-carbon metabolism profile. This indicates that dietary components could play a role in regulation of one-carbon metabolism with a potential impact on disease prevention.Innovation Fund Denmark, grant no. 0603-00487B (11-116163). MV Lind partly supported by an unrestricted grant from Cereal Partners Worldwide a joint venture between Nestlé SA and General Mills Ltd

Whole grain-rich diet reduces body weight and systemic low-grade inflammation without inducing major changes of the gut microbiome: a randomised cross-over trial

Objective To investigate whether a whole grain diet alters the gut microbiome and insulin sensitivity, as well as biomarkers of metabolic health and gut functionality. Design 60 Danish adults at risk of developing metabolic syndrome were included in a randomised cross-over trial with two 8-week dietary intervention periods comprising whole grain diet and refined grain diet, separated by a washout period of ≥6 weeks. The response to the interventions on the gut microbiome composition and insulin sensitivity as well on measures of glucose and lipid metabolism, gut functionality, inflammatory markers, anthropometry and urine metabolomics were assessed. Results 50 participants completed both periods with a whole grain intake of 179±50 g/day and 13±10 g/day in the whole grain and refined grain period, respectively. Compliance was confirmed by a difference in plasma alkylresorcinols (p<0.0001). Compared with refined grain, whole grain did not significantly alter glucose homeostasis and did not induce major changes in the faecal microbiome. Also, breath hydrogen levels, plasma short-chain fatty acids, intestinal integrity and intestinal transit time were not affected. The whole grain diet did, however, compared with the refined grain diet, decrease body weight (p<0.0001), serum inflammatory markers, interleukin (IL)-6 (p=0.009) and C-reactive protein (p=0.003). The reduction in body weight was consistent with a reduction in energy intake, and IL-6 reduction was associated with the amount of whole grain consumed, in particular with intake of rye. Conclusion Compared with refined grain diet, whole grain diet did not alter insulin sensitivity and gut microbiome but reduced body weight and systemic low-grade inflammation

Aberrant intestinal microbiota in individuals with prediabetes

Aims/hypothesis: Individuals with type 2 diabetes have aberrant intestinal microbiota. However, recent studies suggest that metformin alters the composition and functional potential of gut microbiota, thereby interfering with the diabetes-related microbial signatures. We tested whether specific gut microbiota profiles are associated with prediabetes (defined as fasting plasma glucose of 6.1-7.0 mmol/l or HbA1c of 42-48 mmol/mol [6.0-6.5%]) and a range of clinical biomarkers of poor metabolic health. Methods: In the present case-control study, we analysed the gut microbiota of 134 Danish adults with prediabetes, overweight, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and low-grade inflammation and 134 age-and sex-matched individuals with normal glucose regulation. Results: We found that five bacterial genera and 36 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were differentially abundant between individuals with prediabetes and those with normal glucose regulation. At the genus level, the abundance of Clostridium was decreased (mean log2 fold change -0.64 (SEM 0.23), p adj = 0.0497), whereas the abundances of Dorea, [Ruminococcus], Sutterella and Streptococcus were increased (mean log2 fold change 0.51 (SEM 0.12), p adj = 5 x 10-4; 0.51 (SEM 0.11), p adj = 1 x 10-4; 0.60 (SEM 0.21), p adj = 0.0497; and 0.92 (SEM0.21), p adj = 4 x 10-4, respectively). The two OTUs that differed the most were a member of the order Clostridiales (OTU 146564) and Akkermansia muciniphila, which both displayed lower abundance among individuals with prediabetes (mean log2 fold change -1.74 (SEM0.41), p adj = 2 x 10-3 and -1.65 (SEM0.34), p adj = 4 x 10-4, respectively). Faecal transfer from donors with prediabetes or screen-detected, drug-naive type 2 diabetes to germfree Swiss Webster or conventional C57BL/6 J mice did not induce impaired glucose regulation in recipient mice. Conclusions/interpretation: Collectively, our data show that individuals with prediabetes have aberrant intestinal microbiota characterised by a decreased abundance of the genus Clostridium and the mucin-degrading bacterium A. muciniphila. Our findings are comparable to observations in overt chronic diseases characterised by low-grade inflammation

A low-gluten diet induces changes in the intestinal microbiome of healthy Danish adults

\ua9 2018, The Author(s). Adherence to a low-gluten diet has become increasingly common in parts of the general population. However, the effects of reducing gluten-rich food items including wheat, barley and rye cereals in healthy adults are unclear. Here, we undertook a randomised, controlled, cross-over trial involving 60 middle-aged Danish adults without known disorders with two 8-week interventions comparing a low-gluten diet (2 g gluten per day) and a high-gluten diet (18 g gluten per day), separated by a washout period of at least six weeks with habitual diet (12 g gluten per day). We find that, in comparison with a high-gluten diet, a low-gluten diet induces moderate changes in the intestinal microbiome, reduces fasting and postprandial hydrogen exhalation, and leads to improvements in self-reported bloating. These observations suggest that most of the effects of a low-gluten diet in non-coeliac adults may be driven by qualitative changes in dietary fibres