26 research outputs found
Psychiatric manifestations of multiple sclerosis and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
It is unusual for acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis to present as purely psychiatric disorders. We report five patients with such demyelinating diseases and symptoms of psychosis, depression or anxiety. The importance of excluding demyelination as the basis for these psychiatric disturbances is emphasized, especially in the presence of unexplained neurologic findings. The possible relationship between psychiatric symptoms and demyelinating disorders is explored
Rozsiane zapalenie m贸zgu i rdzenia kr臋gowego oraz stwardnienie rozsiane; dwie r贸偶ne choroby - spojrzenie krytyczne
Podj臋cie leczenia immunomodulacyjnego bezpo艣rednio po wyst膮pieniu
pierwszego izolowanego zespo艂u objaw贸w (CIS, clinically
isolated syndrome), sugeruj膮cego stwardnienie rozsiane
(SM, sclerosis multiplex), powinno by膰 poprzedzone diagnostyk膮
r贸偶nicow膮 z wykluczeniem rozsianego zapalenia m贸zgu i rdzenia
kr臋gowego (DEM, disseminated encephalomyelitis). Przebieg kliniczny,
w艂a艣ciwo艣ci genetyczne, obraz histopatologiczny oraz
wyniki bada艅 obrazowych wskazuj膮, 偶e DEM i SM s膮 odr臋bnymi
jednostkami chorobowymi. Ostre i nawracaj膮ce DEM cz臋艣ciej dotyczy
dzieci, ale mo偶e r贸wnie偶 wyst膮pi膰 u os贸b doros艂ych. Przebieg
DEM jest wieloobjawowy. W por贸wnaniu z SM cz臋艣ciej wyst臋puj膮
gor膮czka, zaburzenia 艣wiadomo艣ci, zaburzenia poznawcze,
afazja i objawy oponowe. Rzadko stwierdza si臋 obecno艣膰
pr膮偶k贸w oligoklonalnych w p艂ynie m贸zgowo-rdzeniowym. Rezonans
magnetyczny (MRI, magnetic resonance imaging) jest najlepsz膮
metod膮 obrazowania o艣rodkowego uk艂adu nerwowego
wykorzystywan膮 w diagnostyce r贸偶nicowej DEM i SM. W przypadku
DEM wyst臋puje wiele ognisk demielinizacji w istocie bia艂ej.
Zmiany umiejscawiaj膮 si臋 tak偶e we wzg贸rzu i j膮drach podstawy.
W pocz膮tkowej fazie choroby s膮 zwykle bardziej rozleg艂e ni偶
w przypadku SM i wzmacniaj膮 si臋 po podaniu gadoliny. W obrazie
MRI stwierdza si臋 wyst臋powanie ognisk demielinizacyjnych obejmuj膮cych co najmniej trzy segmenty rdzenia kr臋gowego oraz
zapalenie nerw贸w wzrokowych (NMO, neuromyelitis optica). Niekiedy
NMO towarzyszy obecno艣膰 przeciwcia艂 przeciw akwaporynie
4, ale bywaj膮 tak偶e stwierdzane w SM oraz DEM. W wi臋kszo艣ci
przypadk贸w NMO jest sk艂adow膮 DEM, a nie SM i przypomina
„orientaln膮” lub „wzrokowo-rdzeniow膮” posta膰 SM
Should MS be Treated by Escalation or Induction Therapy?
MS is a chronic, increasingly disabling disease whose long-term outcomes determine the key social, medical and economic impact of this disease. Disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for multiple sclerosis (MS) are prescribed to delay disease progression and to protect a patient鈥檚 functional capability. The concepts of escalation and induction immunotherapy in MS represent different therapeutic strategies for the treatment of MS. Both strategies may be valuable options for patients starting on DMT, however, induction therapy mainly focuses on patients with very aggressive course of MS from the onset. Using a patient unique approach to selection of treatment, MS can be effectively control disease and may delay or even prevent the development of secondary progressive MS
Psychiatric manifestations of multiple sclerosis and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
Isolated cranial nerve palsies in multiple sclerosis
Data on patients with multiple sclerosis and cranial nerve involvement as a presenting sign or a sign of disease exacerbation were retrospectively analyzed. Isolated cranial nerve involvement was present in 10.4% out of 483 patients, either as a presenting symptom (7.3%) or a symptom of disease relapse (3.1%). Trigeminal nerve was most frequently involved, followed by facial, abducens, oculomotor and cochlear nerves. Only 54% of patients had brainstem MRI lesion that could explain the symptoms. As multiple sclerosis is a disease characterized by multiple neurological symptoms, while early diagnosis and therapy are critical for the prognosis and course of the disease, the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis should be considered in young adults with cranial nerve involvement
Isolated central nervous system sarcoidosis: a great mimicker
A patient is described who presented with focal brain lesion considered to be a tumor and later developed disseminated white matter disease. After 21 years of clinical and MRI follow up, the diagnosis of isolated neurosarcoidosis was confirmed by histology. The follow up of more than 21 years in this patient supported the existence of isolated neurosarcoidosis as a separate disease entity