POSSUM scoring system for predicting mortality in surgical patients

This study evaluated the use of the POSSUM (Physiological and Operative Severity Score for Enumeration of Mortality and Morbidity) score for predicting mortality in surgical practice. In this study, 416 surgical patients admitted into ICUs for post-surgical care were analyzed. Both predicted and actual mortality rates were compared, according to four risk groups: 0-4%, 5-14%, 15-49%, 50% and over, and the area under the ROC curve of the POSSUM and APACHE II for mortality. The POSSUM and APACHE II scores overestimated the risk of death. The area under the ROC curve of the POSSUM was 0.762, and under APACHE II was 0.737, suggesting the use of POSSUM as an auxiliary tool to predict the risk of death in surgical patients.O estudo avaliou a utilização do escore POSSUM (Physiological and Operative Severity Score for Enumeration of Mortality and Morbidity) para predizer a mortalidade na prática cirúrgica.Foram analisados 416 pacientes cirúrgicos com internação na UTI para cuidados de pós-operatório. Foram realizadas comparações entre as taxas de mortalidade predita e observada de acordo com 4 grupos de risco: 0-4%, 5-14%, 15-49%, 50% ou mais, e calculada a área sob a curva ROC do escore POSSUM e APACHE II para a mortalidade. A taxa de mortalidade foi de 22,4%. O escores POSSUM e APACHE II superestimaram o risco de morte, e a área sob a curva ROC do POSSUM foi de 0,762 e a do APACHE II de 0,737, sugerindo a utilização do POSSUM como ferramenta auxiliar na predição de risco de morte em pacientes cirúrgicos.El estudio evaluó la utilización del puntaje POSSUM (Physiological and Operative Severity Score for Enumeration of Mortality and Morbity) para predecir la mortalidad en la práctica quirúrgica. Fueron analizados 416 pacientes quirúrgicos internados en la UTI para cuidados postoperatorios. Fueron realizadas comparaciones entre las tasas de mortalidad estimada y observada, de acuerdo con 4 grupos de riesgo: 0-4%, 5-14%, 15-49%, 50% o más, y calculada el área debajo de la curva ROC del puntaje POSSUM y APACHE II para la mortalidad. La tasa de mortalidad fue de 2,4%. Los puntajes POSSUM y APACHE II superestimaron el riesgo de muerte, y el área debajo de la curva ROC del POSSUM fue de 0,762 y la del APACHE II de 0,737, lo que sugiere la utilización del POSSUM como herramienta auxiliar en la predicción de riesgo de muerte en pacientes quirúrgicos

Joint NOD2/RIPK2 Signaling Regulates IL-17 Axis and Contributes to the Development of Experimental Arthritis

Intracellular pattern recognition receptors such as the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors family members are key for innate immune recognition of microbial infection and may play important roles in the development of inflammatory diseases, including rheumatic diseases. In this study, we evaluated the role of NOD1 and NOD2 on development of experimental arthritis. Ag-induced arthritis was generated in wild-type, NOD1(-/-)!, NOD2(-/-), or receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 2(-/-) (RIPK2(-/-)) immunized mice challenged intra-articularly with methylated BSA. Nociception was determined by electronic Von Frey test. Neutrophil recruitment and histopathological analysis of proteoglycan lost was evaluated in inflamed joints. Joint levels of inflammatory cytokine/chemokine were measured by ELISA. Cytokine (IL-6 and IL-23) and NOD2 expressions were determined in mice synovial tissue by RT-PCR. The NOD2(-/-) and RIPK2(-/-), but not NOD1(-/-), mice are protected from Ag-induced arthritis, which was characterized by a reduction in neutrophil recruitment, nociception, and cartilage degradation. NOD2/RIPK2 signaling impairment was associated with a reduction in proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines (TNF, IL-1 beta, and CXCL1/KC). IL-17 and IL-17 triggering cytokines (IL-6 and IL-23) were also reduced in the joint, but there is no difference in the percentage of CD4(+) IL-17(+) cells in the lymph node between arthritic wild-type and NOD2(-/-) mice. Altogether, these findings point to a pivotal role of the NOD2/RIPK2 signaling in the onset of experimental arthritis by triggering an IL-17-dependent joint immune response. Therefore, we could propose that NOD2 signaling is a target for the development of new therapies for the control of rheumatoid arthritis. The Journal of Immunology, 2012, 188: 5116-5122.Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (Brazil)Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (Brazil)Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas (Brazil)Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas (Brazil)Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa (Brazil)Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa (Brazil)Coordenadoria de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (Brazil)Coordenadoria de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (Brazil)Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do AmazonasFundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Amazona