Emittance preservation of an electron beam in a loaded quasi-linear plasma wakefield

We investigate beam loading and emittance preservation for a high-charge electron beam being accelerated in quasi-linear plasma wakefields driven by a short proton beam. The structure of the studied wakefields are similar to those of a long, modulated proton beam, such as the AWAKE proton driver. We show that by properly choosing the electron beam parameters and exploiting two well known effects, beam loading of the wakefield and full blow out of plasma electrons by the accelerated beam, the electron beam can gain large amounts of energy with a narrow final energy spread (%-level) and without significant emittance growth.Comment: 8 pages, 10 figure

An analysis on health care costs due to accidents involving powered two wheelers to increase road safety

Powered Two Wheelers (PTWs) provide a convenient mode for a large portion of population in many cities. At the same time PTWs present serious system problems, the most important being poorer safety if compared to other motorized modes. But even when lower safety levels are acknowledged, problems behind are far from being solved. Rome is an example: although PTWs accidents rates are not negligible, the need for a specific safety policy is still unmet. Therefore the local Mobility Agency appointed the authors of this paper for a study of PTWs accidents occurring in the urban area. An assessment of the associated health care costs was also required. The objective of the paper is to report the main outcomes of this study highlighting recurring features of PTWs accidents, the high health care costs and how to quantify the economic resources to improve safety. The methodology was based on three steps: i) an analysis of the causes of PTWs accidents, which resulted into the location of black spots and assessment of the severity of the events; ii) the estimation of health care costs after a scientific literature review; iii) the association of health care costs to black spots and accidents severity to rank interventions to improve PTWs safety. This led to a final list of roads where PTWs accidents of the highest severity occurred and the required economic resources to improve their safety level. This stressed, for the first time, the unaffordable expenditures due to PTWs accidents. In conclusion, the issue whether the awareness of such costs can be used as leverage for more mindful behaviors among the riders is addressed

Hox Genes Regulate Muscle Founder Cell Pattern Autonomously and Regulate Morphogenesis Through Motor Neurons

The differentiation of myoblasts to form functional muscle fibers is a consequence of interactions between the mesoderm and ectoderm. The authors examine the role of segment identity in directing these interactions by studying the role of Hox genes in patterning adult muscles in Drosophila. Using the `four-winged fly' to remove Ultrabithorax function in the developing adult, the authors alter the identity of the ectoderm of the third thoracic segment towards the second and show that this is sufficient to inductively alter most properties of the mesoderm—myoblast number, molecular diversity, and migration pattern—to that of the second thoracic segment. Not all aspects of myogenesis are determined by the segment identity of the ectoderm. The autonomous identity of the mesoderm is important for choosing muscle founder cells in the correct segmental pattern. The authors show this by removal of the function of Antennapedia, the Hox gene expressed in the mesoderm of the third thoracic segment. This results in the transformation of founder cells to a second-thoracic pattern. The authors also report a role for the nervous system in later aspects of muscle morphogenesis by specifically altering Ultrabithorax gene expression in motor neurons. Thus, ectoderm and mesoderm segment identities collaborate to direct muscle differentiation by affecting distinct aspects of the process

Is Massage Therapy Effective in Reducing Labor Pain in Intrapartum Women?

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether massage therapy is an effective intervention in reducing pain in intrapartum women. STUDY DESIGN: A systematic review of two randomized controlled trails (RCTs) and one case study published between 2009-2019. All studies were published in English. DATA SOURCES: The two double-blind RCTs and case study were found via PubMed. All sources were published in peer reviewed journals and chosen based on their relevance to the clinical question. OUTCOMES: Pain reduction was the outcome measured in all three studies using visual analog scale. In this systematic review, pain level was evaluated as change from baseline. RESULTS: In the double-blind RCT conducted by Gallo et.al, there was a statistically significant reduction in pain at -17mm with massage therapy. In the quasi-experimental study viewed as a case study conducted by Hajiamini et.al, ice massage was found to reduce pain from baseline by 1.74cm and 1.57cm at zero and thirty minutes, respectively, with a p-value \u3c0.05. However, pain reduction was not found to be statistically significant at sixty minutes after intervention. Lastly, in a double-blind RCT by Taghinejad et.al, the massage therapy group reported 36.3% less pain than the music therapy group with a p-value \u3c0.001. CONCLUSIONS: Both a clinical and statistically significant reduction in pain were demonstrated by all three studies. Thus, the results of this review are conclusive in that massage therapy is an effective method in reducing pain in intrapartum women. Furthermore, massage therapy is an inexpensive, informal, and widely available therapeutic method with the added benefit of having no side effects

On-ice measures of external load in relation to match outcome in elite female ice hockey

The aim of this study is to investigate the differences between select on-ice measures using inertial movement sensors based on match outcome, and to determine changes in player movements across three periods of play. Data were collected during one season of competition in elite female ice hockey players (N = 20). Two-factor mixed effects ANOVAs for each skating position were performed to investigate the differences in match outcome, as well as differences in external load measures during the course of a match. For match outcome, there was a small difference for forwards in explosive ratio (p = 0.02, ES = 0.26) and percentage high force strides (p = 0.04, ES = 0.50). When viewed across three periods of a match, moderate differences were found in skating load (p = 0.01, ES = 0.75), explosive efforts (p = 0.04, ES = 0.63), and explosive ratio (p = 0.002, ES = 0.87) for forwards, and in PlayerLoad (p = 0.01, ES = 0.70), explosive efforts (p = 0.04, ES = 0.63), and explosive ratio (p = 0.01, ES = 0.70) for defense. When examining the relevance to match outcome, external load measures associated with intensity appear to be an important factor among forwards. These results may be helpful for coaches and sport scientists when making decisions pertaining to training and competition strategies.York University Librarie

Vocabulary and Main Idea Reading Intervention Using Text Choice to Improve Content Knowledge and Reading Comprehension of Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder.

This simultaneous replication single-case design study investigated a vocabulary and main idea intervention with an aspect of text choice provided to students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Five middle school students with ASD participated in two instructional groups taught by school-based personnel. Results were initially mixed. These results were followed by upward and stable trends, indicating a functional relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Social validity measures indicated that students appreciated the opportunity to make choices on text selection

Anomaly Awareness

We present a new Machine Learning algorithm called Anomaly Awareness. By making our algorithm aware of the presence of a range of different anomalies, we improve its capability to detect anomalous events, even those it had not been exposed to. As an example of use, we apply this method to searches for new phenomena in the Large Hadron Collider. In particular, we analyze events with boosted jets where new physics could be hiding.Comment: 8 pages, 11 figure

FACTORS INFLUENCING FIRE DISASTER MANAGEMENT PREPAREDNESS: A CASE OF PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN MAKUENI COUNTY, KENYA

The study sought to establish the factors influencing fire disaster preparedness in primary schools in Makueni County in Kenya. Using multiple regression analysis, the findings showed that fire safety policy knowledge had a beta (), fire safety guidelines implementation practices  and fire safety resources provision. This infers that fire safety support resources provision affects fire disaster management preparedness in primary schools to a great extent followed by safety policy knowledge while fire safety guidelines implementation had the least effect. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated a significance value of 0.009 which is less than 0.05 thus the model was significant in predicting how policy knowledge, guidelines implementation practices and support resources provision influence fire disaster management preparedness in primary schools. A paired t-test revealed that there was no significant difference in the means of fire disaster preparedness in the public and private primary schools. Therefore, the study recommends more emphasis should be put on training of school stakeholders on fire disaster preparedness and provision of fire safety support resources for combating fire disasters in primary schools.     Article visualizations

Remittances and competitiveness

The paper looks at the impact of workers' remittances on the competitiveness of the receiving economy. It extends existing research that concentrated on the exchange rate effects of remittances, the so-called Dutch disease effect, by adding labour market effects. The results show that the labour market effects of emigration and remittances have a significant impact on competitiveness that goes beyond the traditional exchange rate effect

The Macroeconomics of Remittances In the Philippines

The literature on remittances has in the past concentrated on the microeconomic aspects of the remittance process: the determinants of remittances, impact of remittances on household allocation decisions, and their impact on poverty. Only recently has there been more attention on the macroeconomic impact of remittances. It is to be expected that, when remittance inflows are as large as they are in the Philippines, they are likely to have significant macroeconomic effects. Our paper first explores the cyclical dynamics of remittances to the Philippines and secondly, analyses the macroeconomic impact of remittances and the monetary policy implications. In this second endeavour, our paper uses a dynamic structural quarterly macroeconometric model of the Philippines to trace the various channels along which remittances affect the main macroeconomic variables. In the assessment of the impact of the recent global r