Procamallanus (Denticamallanus subgen. n.) dentatus n. sp. (Nematoda: Camallanidae) from the characid fish, Bryconops alburnoides, in the Brazilian Amazon

A new camallanid nematode, Procamallonus dentatus sp. n. is described from the intestine of the characid fish, Bryconops alburnoides Kner, 1859 from the Uburu River, Amazonas State, Brazil. The parasite is characterized mainly by the structure of the buccal capsule: four to five spiral thickenings ore present in the buccal capsule of females, while about 10 large, anteriorly directed and sharply pointed teeth are present in that of the males. This feature is used for creating a new subgenus, Denticamallanus subgen. n., with the type species P. (D.) dentatus sp. n. Other features characteristic of this species are the presence of very short (0.078-0.117 mm) spicules of equal length, 2 pairs of preanal and 3 pairs of postanal papillae and the absence of caudal aloe in the male. The tail of the female is short and wide, with a small conical appendage. The ratio of the muscular and the glandular parts of the oesophagus is 1: 1.5-1.7. A key to subgenera of the genus Procamallanus Baylis, 1923 is provided

A Redescription of Riggia paranensis Szidat, 1948 (Isopoda, Cymothoidae) Based on Thirty-two Specimens from Curimatid Fish of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with an Emendation of the Genus

Riggia paranensis Szidat, 1948 is redescribed on the basis of 30 female and 2 male specimens collected from the pericardial cavities of the curimatid fish Cyphocarax (= Curimata,) gilberti (Quoy & Gaimard). The fishes were caught in the Itabapoana River, State of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil, The presence of "dwarf" males, as reported by Szidat, was verified. The fusion of the pleonites and pleotelson in adult females was also confirmed. The generic diagnosis was emended to include details of the mouthparts and pleopods

ADHD and EEG-neurofeedback: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled feasibility study

Electroencephalography (EEG)-neurofeedback has been shown to offer therapeutic benefits to patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in several, mostly uncontrolled studies. This pilot study is designed to test the feasibility and safety of using a double-blind placebo feedback-controlled design and to explore the initial efficacy of individualized EEG-neurofeedback training in children with ADHD. Fourteen children (8–15 years) with ADHD defined according to the DSM-IV-TR criteria were randomly allocated to 30 sessions of EEG-neurofeedback (n = 8) or placebo feedback (n = 6). Safety measures (adverse events and sleep problems), ADHD symptoms and global improvement were monitored. With respect to feasibility, all children completed the study and attended all study visits and training sessions. No significant adverse effects or sleep problems were reported. Regarding the expectancy, 75% of children and their parent(s) in the active neurofeedback group and 50% of children and their parent(s) in the placebo feedback group thought they received placebo feedback training. Analyses revealed significant improvements of ADHD symptoms over time, but changes were similar for both groups. This pilot study shows that it is feasible to conduct a rigorous placebo-controlled trial to investigate the efficacy of neurofeedback training in children with ADHD. However, a double-blind design may not be feasible since using automatic adjusted reward thresholds may not work as effective as manually adjusted reward thresholds. Additionally, implementation of active learning strategies may be an important factor for the efficacy of EEG-neurofeedback training. Based on the results of this pilot study, changes are made in the design of the ongoing study

EEG Biofeedback as a Treatment for Substance Use Disorders: Review, Rating of Efficacy, and Recommendations for Further Research

Electroencephalographic (EEG) biofeedback has been employed in substance use disorder (SUD) over the last three decades. The SUD is a complex series of disorders with frequent comorbidities and EEG abnormalities of several types. EEG biofeedback has been employed in conjunction with other therapies and may be useful in enhancing certain outcomes of therapy. Based on published clinical studies and employing efficacy criteria adapted by the Association for Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback and the International Society for Neurofeedback and Research, alpha theta training—either alone for alcoholism or in combination with beta training for stimulant and mixed substance abuse and combined with residential treatment programs, is probably efficacious. Considerations of further research design taking these factors into account are discussed and descriptions of contemporary research are given

Anphira branchialis GEN. ET SP. NOV. (CRUSTACEA, ISOPODA, CYMOTHOIDAE) A GILL CAVITY PARASITE OF PIRANHAS (Serrasalmus SPP.) IN THE BRAZILIAN AMAZON

Anphira branchialisgen. et sp. nov. (Crustacea, Isopoda, Cymothoidae) is described from the dorsal areas of the gill chambers of three species of piranhas (Serrasalmusspp.). The fishes were caught in rivers near Manaus, Amazonas State and on Maracá island, Federal Territory of Roraima, Brasil. The new genus and species is characterized by having large, flat coxal plates on ail 7 pereonites. These plates usually extend beyond the margins of the following segments and the 7th ones extend nearly to the pleotelson and cover the lateral margins of the pleonites. The mandible of this species is rounded, "foot shaped" and without incisor. The mandibular palp is short and stout. The maxillules have 3 terminal and 2 subterminal spines. The pleopods are simple lamellar structures with rounded tips. Evidence is presented that these parasites feed on gill filaments.Anphira branchialisgen. et sp. nov. (Crustacea, Isopoda, Cymothoidae) aqui descrito é proveniente das áreas dorsais das cavidades branquiais de três espécies de piranhas (Serrasalmusspp.). Os peixes foram capturados em rios nas cercanias de Manaus, Estado do Amazonas e na Ilha de Maracá, no Território Federal de Roraima, Brasil. O novo gênero e espécie caracterizam-se por ter placas coxais grandes e achatadas em todos os 7 pereonitos. Cada uma das placas geralmente ultrapassa a margem do segmento seguinte e as sétimas estendem-se quase até o pleotelso, cobrindo as margens laterais dos pleonitos. A mandíbula desta espécie é arredondada, em "forma de pé" e carece de incisor. O palpo mandibular é curto e forte. As maxíllulas têm três espinhos terminais e dois subterminais. E apresentada evidência sugerindo que estes parasitos comem filamentos branquiais de seus hospedeiros

Two new Bucephalidae (Trematoda) from Fishes of the Brazilian Amazon

Two new species of Bucephalidae (Trematoda) are described from fishes of the Brazilian Amazon. Glandulorhynchus turgidus gen. et sp. n. from Hydrolycus sp. differs from all others in the family by having conspicuous glands near the anterior extremity and an expanded uterus used for storing eggs. Prosorhynchus piranhus sp. n. from Serrasalmus rhombeus is characterized as having a small rhynchus and pharynx, and a large cirrus sac.Duas novas espécies de Bucephalidae (Trematoda) são descritas de peixes da Amazônia brasileira. Glandulorhynchus turgidus gen. et sp. n. parasita de Hydrolycus sp. distingue-se das demais espécies da família por apresentar glândulas conspícuas próximo à extremidade anterior e um útero expandido para amazenar ovos. Prosorhynchus piranhus sp. n. parasita de Serrasalmus rhombeus é caracterizado por ter um "rhynchus" pequeno e uma bolsa de cirro grande

Surface morphology of some Amphistomes (Trematoda) of Amazonian Fishes and the description of a new genus and species

The surface morphology of specimens from ten different genera of amphistomes (Trematoda, Cladorchiidae) from Amazonian fishes is described and illustrated. The importance of body shape as a generic character is considered. Morphological changes as a result of growth are shown and explained in relation to the species Dadaytrema oxycephala. Additionally, Doradamphistoma bacuensis gen. et sp. n. is described from the catfish, Megalodoras irwini Eigenmann, 1925.The new genus and species is elongate and flattened, with external pharyngeal pouches, an esophageal bulb, a spherical cirrus sac, a post-bifurcal genital pore and pre-equatorial testes.A morfologia superficial de espécimens representando dez gêneros diferentes de anfístomos (Trematoda, Cladorchiidae) de peixes amazônicos é descrita e ilustrada. A importância da forma do corpo como caracter genérico é considerada. Modificações morfológicas, como resultado do crescimento, são mostradas e explicadas em relação à espécie Dadaytrema oxycephala. Adicionalmente, Doradamphistoma bacuensis gen. et sp. n. é descrito de um bagre amazônico, Megalodoras irwini. A espécie nova é alongada e achatada, com sacos faringiais externos, um bulbo esofageano, uma bolsa de cirro esférica, um poro genital pós-bifurcal e testículos pré-equatoriais

Description of adults of Octospiniferoides incognita Schmidt & Hugghins, 1973, (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) from a fish of Rondônia State, Brazil

Adults of Octospiniferoides incognita SCHMIDT & HUGGHINS, 1973, (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) are described for the first time. The host fish, Schizodon fasciatum AGASSIZ, was taken from the Guaporé River of Rondônia State, Brazil. Three male specimens were 3.7-4.9 mm long and six females were 4.2-10.7 mm long. Large proboscis hooks in the anterior circle were 78-88 micrometers; medium hooks were 44-66 μm and the small posterior ones were 37-44 μm