1,648 research outputs found
Probing new physics in electroweak penguins through B_d and B_s decays
An enhanced electroweak penguin amplitude due to the presence of unknown new
physics can explain the discrepancies found between theory and experiment in
the B -> pi K decays, in particular in A_CP(B^- -> pi^0 K^-) - A_CP(\bar{B}^0
-> pi^+ K^-), but the current precision of the theoretical and experimental
results does not allow to draw a firm conclusion. We argue that the \bar{B}_s
-> phi rho^0 and \bar{B}_s -> phi pi^0 decays offer an additional tool to
investigate this possibility. These purely isospin-violating decays are
dominated by electroweak penguins and we show that in presence of a new physics
contribution their branching ratio can be enhanced by about an order of
magnitude, without violating any constraints from other hadronic B decays. This
makes them very interesting modes for LHCb and future B factories. In
arXiv:1011.6319 we have performed both a model-independent analysis and a study
within realistic New Physics models such as a modified-Z^0-penguin scenario, a
model with an additional Z' boson and the MSSM. In this article we summarise
the most important results of our study.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, LaTeX. Talk given at Discrete2010, Rome, 6-11
December 2010; References adde
B -> chi_cJ K decays revisited
We demonstrate that exclusive B decays to P-wave charmonium factorize in the
non-relativistic limit provided that colour-octet contributions are taken into
account, and estimate the branching fractions. Although there are very large
uncertainties, we find reasonable parameter choices, where the main features of
the data -- large corrections to (naive) factorization and suppression of the
chi_{c2} and h_c final states -- are reproduced though the suppression of
chi_{c2} is not as strong as seen in the data. Our results also provide an
example, where an endpoint divergence in hard spectator-scattering factorizes
and is absorbed into colour-octet operator matrix elements.Comment: 32 pages, LaTe
The Solar Radius in the EUV during the Cycle XXIII
Aims. To determine the solar transition region and coronal radius at EUV
wavelengths and its time evolution during Solar Cycle XXIII.
Methods. We use daily 30.4 and 17.1 nm images obtained by the Extreme
Ultraviolet Imager (EIT) aboard the SoHO satellite and derive the solar radius
by fitting a circle to the limb brightness ring.
Results. The weighted mean of the temporal series gives (967''.56 +/- 0''.04)
and (969''.54 +/- 0''.02) at 30.4 and 17.1 nm respectively. No significant
correlation was found with the solar cycle at any of the two wavelengths.
Conclusions. Since the temperature formation of the 30.4 nm line is between
(60 - 80) 10^3 K (Transition Region), the obtained result is bigger than that
derived from present atmospheric models. On the contrary this height is
compatible with radio models.Comment: accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics minor changes
introduced during review proces
Towards all-order factorization of QED amplitudes at next-to-leading power
We generalise the factorization of abelian gauge theory amplitudes to
next-to-leading power (NLP) in a soft scale expansion, following a recent
generalisation for Yukawa theory. From an all-order power counting analysis of
leading and next-to-leading regions, we infer the factorized structure for both
a parametrically small and zero fermion mass. This requires the introduction of
new universal jet functions, for non-radiative and single-radiative QED
amplitudes, which we compute at one-loop order. We show that our factorization
formula reproduces the relevant regions in one- and two-loop scattering
amplitudes, appropriately addressing endpoint divergences. It provides a
description of virtual collinear modes and accounts for non-trivial
hard-collinear interplay present beyond the one-loop level, making this a first
step towards a complete all-order factorization framework for gauge-theory
amplitudes at NLP.Comment: 31 pages, 18 figures. v2: as in journal versio
Ultraviolet and visible photometry of asteroid (21) Lutetia using the Hubble Space Telescope
The asteroid (21) Lutetia is the target of a planned close encounter by the
Rosetta spacecraft in July 2010. To prepare for that flyby, Lutetia has been
extensively observed by a variety of astronomical facilities. We used the
Hubble Space Telescope (HST) to determine the albedo of Lutetia over a wide
wavelength range, extending from ~150 nm to ~700 nm. Using data from a variety
of HST filters and a ground-based visible light spectrum, we employed synthetic
photometry techniques to derive absolute fluxes for Lutetia. New results from
ground-based measurements of Lutetia's size and shape were used to convert the
absolute fluxes into albedos. We present our best model for the spectral energy
distribution of Lutetia over the wavelength range 120-800 nm. There appears to
be a steep drop in the albedo (by a factor of ~2) for wavelengths shorter than
~300 nm. Nevertheless, the far ultraviolet albedo of Lutetia (~10%) is
considerably larger than that of typical C-chondrite material (~4%). The
geometric albedo at 550 nm is 16.5 +/- 1%. Lutetia's reflectivity is not
consistent with a metal-dominated surface at infrared or radar wavelengths, and
its albedo at all wavelengths (UV-visibile-IR-radar) is larger than observed
for typical primitive, chondritic material. We derive a relatively high FUV
albedo of ~10%, a result that will be tested by observations with the Alice
spectrograph during the Rosetta flyby of Lutetia in July 2010.Comment: 14 pages, 2 tables, 8 figure
Collisional dissipation of Alfvén waves in a partially ionised solar chromosphere
Certain regions of the solar atmosphere are at sufficiently low temperatures to be only partially ionised. The lower chromosphere contains neutral atoms, the existence of which greatly increases the efficiency of the damping of waves due to collisional friction momentum transfer. More specifically the Cowling conductivity can be up to 12 orders of magnitude smaller than the Spitzer value, so that the main damping mechanism in this region is due to the collisions between neutrals and positive ions (Khodachenko et al. 2004, A&A, 422, 1073). Using values for the gas density and temperature as functions of height taken from the VAL C model of the quiet Sun (Vernazza et al. 1981, ApJS, 45, 635), an estimate is made for the dependance of the Cowling conductivity on height and strength of magnetic field. Using both analytic and numerical approaches the passage of Alfvén waves over a wide spectrum through this partially ionised region is investigated. Estimates of the efficiency of this region in the damping of Alfvén waves are made and compared for both approaches. We find that Alfvén waves with frequencies above 0.6 Hz are completely damped and frequencies below 0.01 Hz unaffected
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