About matching of professional orientations of teachers and a school’s specific character: Its importance for the teachers’ perception of work and the school atmosphere

Schulen sind aufgefordert, im Rahmen von Schulentwicklungsprozessen ein Schulprogramm zu erstellen, aus dem das pädagogische Grundverständnis und die Schwerpunkte der Erziehungs- und Bildungsarbeit ersichtlich sind, um so zu einem unverwechselbaren Profil zu gelangen und die Qualität der eigenen Schule zu sichern und weiterzuentwickeln. Das zentrale Anliegen dieser Arbeit galt der Überprüfung der Bedeutung einer Passung bzw. Abweichung zwischen den individuellen beruflichen Orientierungen der Lehrkräfte und dem offiziellen Schulprofil für deren subjektives Erleben der Arbeitssituation sowie die Wahrnehmung des Schulklimas seitens der Schüler. Für das subjektive Erleben der Arbeitssituation zeigen sich zwar tendenzielle Auswirkungen, grundsätzlich ist aber eine Passung zum Profil der Schule hierfür eher unerheblich. Bei der Wahrnehmung des Schulklimas seitens der Schüler konnte hingegen eine deutliche Auswirkung einer Passung bzw. Abweichung nachgewiesen werden: So erhalten Lehrkräfte, die sich eher als Pädagogen verstehen und Lehrkräfte, die eher mehr Reformbereit¬schaft zeigen, von ihren Schülern die durchgängig „schlechteren“ Beurteilungen bezüglich des Schulklimas, wohingegen Lehrkräfte, die sich eher als Fachwissen¬schaftler verstehen und Lehrkräfte, die eher weniger Reformbereitschaft zeigen, von ihren Schülern die positivsten Bewertungen erhalten.Within school development processes, schools are requested to prepare a school program showing the fundamental educational understanding as well as the priorities of educational work in order to define an unmistakable character and to safeguard and further develop the quality of their own school. The basic intent of this thesis is to examine the importance of a match or mismatch of individual professional orientations of teachers and the official school character for the teachers’ subjective perception of their working situation and the pupils’ perception of the school atmosphere. The examination shows only small effects for the subjective perception of the working situation – basically, matching the school’s character is not important. However, a clear effect of a match or mismatch could be established for the pupils’ perception of the school atmosphere: Teachers seeing themselves as educationalists as well as those showing more readiness for reforms are assessed more unfavorably throughout by the pupils regarding the school atmosphere, whereas teachers understanding themselves as specialty scientists and those showing less readiness for reforms are given the most positive assessments by their pupils

Slow-stimulated Multifocal ERG in High- and Normal-tension Glaucoma

Purpose: To study the ability and sensitivity of the slow stimulation multifocal ERG (mfERG) to detect glaucomatous damage. Methods: Right eyes of 20 patients with normal-tension glaucoma (NTG), 15 patients with high-tension glaucoma (HTG) and 15 healthy volunteers underwent testing with the mfERG (VERIS 4.1TM). The central 50 degrees of the retina were stimulated by 103 hexagons (m-sequence: 213-1, Lmax: 100cd/m2, Lmin: 1cd/m2, background: 50cd/m2). Each m-sequence step was followed by 3 black frames (Lmax: < 1cd/m2). Five response averages of the first order response component (KI) were analyzed: the central 7.5 degrees and the 4 adjoining quadrants. The amplitudes from the first minimum, N1, to the first maximum, P1, and from P1 to the second minimum, N2, were analyzed as well as the latencies of N1, P1, N2 and the latencies of 3 multifocal oscillatory potentials (mfOPs) with their maxima at about 73, 80 and 85ms. Results: For each parameter the percentage of deviation from the mean of the control group was calculated. These values were then added for each individual to form a deviation index (DI). Seventeen patients (85.0%) with NTG and 3 patients (20.0%) with HTG showed a DI outside the normal range. The major changes were observed in the mfOPs of the NTG patients. MfOPs were then selectively filtered at 100-300Hz and their scalar product was analyzed over an epoch of 68-105ms. This confirmed that mfOPs differed significantly from the control in the central 7.5° and, for NTG, in the nasal field. With a logistic regression analysis the mfOPs had a sensitivity to differentiate 85% of the NTG patients and 73% of the HTG patients from normal. Conclusions: Under these conditions, the slow-stimulated mfERG can detect glaucomatous dysfunction in NTG (85.0%). The differences observed between NTG and HTG are in support of a different underlying pathomechanis