Hydroxamic acid derivatives: a promising scaffold for rational compound optimization in Chagas disease

This work describes the antitrypanocidal activity of two hydroxamic acid derivatives containing o-ethoxy (HAD1) and p-ethoxy (HAD2) as substituent in the aromatic ring linked to the isoxazoline ring. HAD1 and HAD2 induced a significant reduction in the number of intracellular parasites and consequently showed activity on the multiplication of the parasite. Treatment of cardiomyocytes and macrophages with the compounds revealed no significant loss in cell viability. Ultrastructural alterations after treatment of cardiomyocytes or macrophages infected by Trypanosoma cruzi with the IC50 value of HAD1 revealed alterations to amastigotes, showing initial damage seen as swelling of the kinetoplast. This gave a good indication of the ability of the drug to permeate through the host cell membrane as well as its selectivity to the parasite target. Both compounds HAD1 and 2 were able to reduce the cysteine peptidases and decrease the activity of metallopeptidases

Declarações de nascidos mortos no município de São Paulo: avaliação descritiva do preenchimento Stillbirths registers in the municipality of São Paulo: a descritive approach to fillingout of registration forms

OBJETIVOS: estudar as informações contidas nas Declarações de Nascidos Mortos (DNM) no município de São Paulo, Brasil. MÉTODOS: a partir das Declarações de Nascidos Mortos, disponibilizadas pela Fundação Sistema Estadual de Análise de Dados Estatísticos (FSEADE), estudou-se a proporção de preenchimento dos registros utilizando um Índice de Preenchimento de Dados (IPD), o que possibilitou a comparação entre os anos: 2001, 2002, 2003 (n=6722). Incluíram-se as variáveis com IPD maior que 10%, relativas à mãe (idade, escolaridade, paridade, local de residência, tipo de parto) e às referentes ao feto (peso, idade gestacional e causa básica). RESULTADOS o componente absoluto da natimortalidade pouco se alterou nos dois primeiros períodos e caiu levemente no último. A variável sexo foi preenchida em 98% (maior IPD), seguida pela informação do local de residência: 82,9% e número de gestações: 70%. As informações menos disponíveis foram às relativas à idade e escolaridade materna, 20,0 e 16,7% respectivamente. A causa básica do óbito foi registrada em 46,7%, enquanto o peso fetal em 37% e o tipo de parto em 25,3%. CONCLUSÕES: os dados mostram que a dificuldade em se incorporar este indicador de saúde ao conjunto dos tradicionais deve-se, em parte, à heterogeneidade no preenchimento dos campos da DNM.<br>OBJECTIVES: to study the information contained in Stillbirth Registers (SBRs) in the Municipality of São Paulo. METHODS: the adequacy of the filling out of SBR forms was assessed on the basis of the SBRs (6722) made available by the FSEADE (Foundation for Statistical Data Analysis System), using a Data Completion Index (DCI), making it possible to compare the three years studied (2001-3). Variables relating to the mother and the fetus were included where the DCI was greater than 10%. Education, parity, place of residence, birth type, for the mother and weight, gestational age and underlying cause of death, for the fetus. RESULTS: the absolute stillbirth component changed little in the first two of the three years, falling slightly in the third. The variable most frequently registered was sex (98%), followed by place of residence (82.9%) and parity (70%). The data least often registered were those relating to the mother's age and schooling, 20.0% and 16.7%, respectively. The underlying cause was recorded in 46.7%, fetal weight in 37% and type of birth in 25.3%. CONCLUSIONS: the data demonstrate that the difficulty encountered in incorporating this health indicator into the traditional set of indicators is in part due to the inadequacy of the data provided on the SBR form