Survey of the Image Dehazing Using Colour Attenuation and Dark Channel Techniques

Fog is primaryreasonwhich degradesexternal images. Engenders toward the camera, a bit of the light meets these suspended particles. We analysed distinctive haze related highlights in a learning structure to recognize the best element mix for picture dehazing. Haze occurs due to suspended particles, like minerals, sand, also, microscopic fish that exist in waterways, seas, and lake. Reflected light via objects induces toward the camera, a touch of the light meets these suspended particles. We broke down unmistakable dimness related features in a learning structure to perceive the best component blend for picture dehazing. We also reviewed previous research done by experts and their proposed theories. Furthermore we studied the process of haze removal and few techniques used for dehazing

Air Hybrid Bicycle

This project is design, fabrication and development of a design and fabrication of pneumatic bicycle it is rear wheel drive. The conceptual design of this model is taken from manually operated bicycle. The complete body looks like a bicycle in which manual operation followed. This product is a pneumatic vehicle, useful for handicapped people, and also normal persons. The power transmission takes place from rear wheel through chain drive. The entire arrangement of power transmission by means of connecting rod of the actuator is taken along with the chain sprocket. When the Compressor is connected to, it would give a driving force due the pressure at which air is sent. Only one person is allowed on the bicycle at any time. The material, mild steel ischoose as a main structure fastening by joint, and main components of this project is , air cylinder, solenoid valve, electrical control unit, pneumatic actuator, power transmitting chain, sprocket wheel, two wheeler rear wheel components of model attach by welding, part by part create then be fabricating together. At the end of the project, the model is tested by several people and their comment then being recorded and performed some tests. The concept of compressed air bicycle in practice reduces the air pollution to large extend as its exhaust is nothing but air

PHARMACOVIGILANCE: DYNAMICS IN INDIAN PHARMA INDUSTRY

Pharmacovigilance refers to the process of identifying, detecting, and responding to drug safety issue and has witnessed dynamic advancements in pharmaceutical industries throughout the world. The main objective of pharmacovigilance is to extend the safety monitoring and to detect any ADRs that previously got unrecognized in evolution during clinical trial. ADRs monitoring is required for each medicine throughout its lifecycle which includes early stage of drug design, clinical trials, and post marketing surveillance. The emerging trend in pharmacovigilance is to link the pre marketing data with the data collected during post marketing phase that include safety information. India is a vast country with population of over 1.32 Billion with different social economics status, different patterns of disease prevalence it becomes more important to have a standardized and robust pharmacovigilance. Pharmacists, as doctor remark that their involvement may increase the reporting rate and have a greater role to play in the area of pharmacovigilanc

Dobbs V. Jackson Women's Health Organization (2022): A Case Comment

In June 2022, the US Supreme Court, in Dobbs v. Jackson with a 6:3 majority, overruled Roe and Casey and took away the constitutional right to abortion. The right was implicitly based on, among other things, the Liberty interest protected by the Fourteenth Amendment's Due Process Clause. In denying the right, the Supreme Court reasoned that to bring a new component of right into liberty, one must show that it was reasonably accepted as a right when the Fourteenth Amendment was adopted and ratified. Any other interpretation, the court held, would not be faithful to the constitutional text. In this commentary, it is argued that the court's historical analysis is a rudimentary method for interpreting abstract concepts like liberty which was envisaged for eternity. The case comment demonstrates that historically chained understanding of the constitutional text, especially its rights, is not instance best way to show fidelity to the constitutional text. The difference between "original meaning" and "original expected application" is significant. The comment further shows the judgment's possible unintended—but still cruel—consequence. Finally, it is concluded with a proposed alternative method of Reflective Equilibrium with an aspiration of visualising a seamless web of the components of the liberty principle

Effect of letrozole 2.5 mg or 5.0 mg for ovulation induction in intrauterine insemination in case of unexplained infertility: a randomized controlled trial

Background: Aim was to compare effects of letrozole 2.5 mg or 5.0 mg for ovulation induction in patients with unexplained Infertility. Methods: A randomized controlled trial. 60 patients attending infertility clinic were randomly allocated into two groups-Group A received letrozole 2.5 mg and Group B received letrozole 5 mg orally for 5 days from 3rd day of cycle. The patients also received inj FSH 75 IU i/m on day 7 and 9 of the cycle and underwent follicular study on day 11, 13, 15. When the dominant follicle size reached 18 mm ovulation triggered with Inj hCG 5000 IU IM and Intrauterine insemination was done 24-36 hours later. Pregnancy rates were calculated. Results were analysed by statistical software. Results: Better ovulation rates were seen in patients receiving 5 mg letrozole. No difference in the pregnancy rates was found between the two groups. No multiple pregnancies and ovarian hyperstimulation seen. Conclusions: It appears that 5 mg daily for 5 days is a preferable letrozole dose for superovulation

ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION STUDIES OF MUCILAGE OBTAINED FROM TRIGONELLA FOENUM GREACUM L. SEED AND TAMARINDUS INDICA POLYSACCHARIDE AS A PHARMACEUTICAL EXCIPIENT

Now-a-days natural or herbal products are more often used in comparison to synthetic products because of its low toxicity, biodegradability, biocompatibility and its cheaper cost. The main aim of this study is to isolate and characterize mucilage obtained from Trigonella foenum graecum L. seed and Tamarindus indica polysaccharide as pharmaceutical excipients. Both isolated mucilages are extracted by different methods i.e., hot water extraction method and reflux method respectively. Ethyl alcohol is used in the isolation of mucilages. Solubility behaviour of isolated mucilages with different solvents was also studied. Different phytochemical characterization of isolated mucilages were studied like bulk and tapped densities, compressibility index, hausner’s ratio and swelling index etc. and some identification tests were also carried out for presence of carbohydrate, fats, oils etc. keywords: Methi, tamarind, extraction, mucilage, excipient

Preparation of probiotic-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles and in vitro survival in gastrointestinal conditions

In the present study, Probiotics (Lactobacillus plantarum) loaded-solid lipid nanoparticles were prepared and characterized. Probiotics have proven to possess significant potential in addressing a range of conditions, encompassing neurodegenerative disorders, cancers, cardiovascular diseases, and inflammatory conditions. Additionally, they show efficacy in sustaining a harmonious gut microbiota ecosystem. SLNs were prepared by using solvent emulsification-diffusion technique. The size and morphology of prepared probiotic-loaded SLNs were examined by transmission electron microscopy. The activity or viability of probiotics might be compromised in the challenging gastric conditions of the stomach or in the presence of bile salts. Furthermore, they may face vulnerability to thermal or oxidative stress during preparation and storage. Hence, there is a need for stable probiotic formulations to surmount diverse physicochemical, biopharmaceutical, and biological barriers, ensuring maximal therapeutic effectiveness and clinical applicability. In vitro experiments were carried out with the aim of examining the viability of bacterial cells under gastrointestinal conditions. Encapsulation of the cells protect the cell numbers (colony forming unit) when compared to free bacteria. Nevertheless, the number of probiotic cells decreased in gastrointestinal acidic condition in contrast to free cells. Overall encapsulation of Lactobacillus plantarum in SLN’s plays an important role in enhancing viability and stability which consequently enhance the survival of bacteria against gastrointestinal environmental conditions

Hierarchical classification for Multilingual Language Identification and Named Entity Recognition

ABSTRACT This paper describes the approach for Subtask-1 of the FIRE-2015 Shared Task on Mixed Script Information Retrieval. The subtask involved multilingual language identification (including mixed words and anomalous foreign words), named entity recognition (NER) and subclassification. The proposed methodology starts with cleaning the data and then extracting structural and contextual features from the text for further processing. A subset of these features is selected (based on validation) for training supervised classifiers, separately for language identification and NER. Finally, they are applied hierarchically to annotate the entire text. The detected named entities are further subclassified by a novel unsupervised technique based on query refinement and keyword based scoring. The proposed approach on the testing dataset of the shared task showed promising results with a weighed F-measure of 0.8082. However, it is worth noting that the classifiers have been sub-optimal with respect to discriminating between certain linguistically similar languages (for e.g., Gujarati in Hindi and Gujarati pairs). The proposed approach is flexible and robust enough to handle additional languages for identification as well as anomalous foreign or extraneous words. The implementation of the approach has also been shared for the purpose of future research usage

Molecular insights into the mechanisms of susceptibility of Labeo rohita against oomycete Aphanomyces invadans

Aphanomyces invadans, the causative agent of epizootic ulcerative syndrome, is one of the most destructive pathogens of freshwater fishes. To date, the disease has been reported from over 160 fish species in 20 countries and notably, this is the first non-salmonid disease that has resulted in major impacts globally. In particular, Indian major carps (IMCs) are highly susceptible to this disease. To increase our knowledge particularly with regards to host immune response against A. invadans infection in a susceptible host, the gene expression profile in head kidney of A. invadans-infected and control rohu, Labeo rohita was investigated using RNA sequencing. Time course analysis of RNA-Seq data revealed 5608 differentially expressed genes, involved among others in Antigen processing and presentation, Leukocyte transendothelial migration, IL-17 signaling, Chemokine signaling, C-type lectin receptor signaling and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways. In the affected pathways, a number of immune genes were found to be downregulated, suggesting an immune evasion strategy of A. invadans in establishing the infection. The information generated in this study offers first systematic mechanistic understanding of the host-pathogen interaction that might underpin the development of new management strategies for this economically devastating fish-pathogenic oomycete A. invadans