MCSA based mechanical fault analysis of three phase squirrel cage induction motor

This paper deals with mechanical fault analysis of three phase induction motor using Motor Current Signature Analysis. This is a reliable technique that can be used to monitor the health of three phase induction motor. Three phase induction motor is used to find the Current Signature before and after the fault occurs. The FFT of Current signal is analyzed using Advanced Signal processor to find harmonics present before and after the fault occur. This data is used to detect the mechanical faults way before they cause harm to the motor and power system. Ball bearing fault is created practically to find the harmonics components in the current drawn. Most of the practical results match with the theoretical values obtained from the literature

Role of autogenic relaxation in management of diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in type II diabetes mellitus patients

Background: Cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is a very common complication of Type II diabetes mellitus patients. Early detection and treatment of CAN is necessary for reduction of mortality and morbidity in type II diabetes patients.Methods: The study included 120 diagnosed cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus with autonomic neuropathy both male & female, with more than 5 years duration of disease. Age group of the study subjects was between 30 – 70 years. All the 120 diabetic subjects were assessed for their heart rate variability. These 120 diabetic subjects were further divided in two groups by sealed envelope technique, with 60 subjects in each group. Subjects in Group I (Study group) were given relaxation therapy in the form of Rajyoga meditation, as guided by Rajyoga teachers. This group was asked to continue drug therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus as prescribed by physician. On other hand, Group II (Control group) was given drug therapy as directed by physician but without relaxation therapy. At the end of 12 weeks HRV parameters, were re-evaluated and compared between the two groups.Results: Post intervention, Heart Rate Variability results showed that mean RR interval was significantly increased, whereas mean HR was significantly decreased in group I than in group II. All Time Domain parameters (i.e SDNN, RMSSD, NN50, pNN50 & Variance) were significantly increased in group I than in group II. The Frequency Domain parameter i.e LF/HF ratio was significantly decreased in group I than in group II. Thus the results showed that Raj Yoga meditation had a beneficial effect by improving the HRV parameters in diabetic patients with autonomic neuropathy.Conclusions: The study showed there is better improvement in all parameters of HRV in group I as compared to group II with the help of simple yet effective technique of Rajyoga meditation in type II diabetes mellitus patients with cardiac autonomic neuropathy

Long-term effect of inorganic fertilizers and amendments on productivity and root dynamics under maize-wheat intensive cropping in an acid Alfisol

Study on the soil nutrient status and crop productivity under continuous use of inorganic fertilizers and amendments in an acid Alfisol after 36 years (1972-73 to 2008-09) was carried out at Palampur, HP. Results showed that application of Recommended Dose of Fertilizer (120:60:40 kg/ha to maize and 120:60:30 kg/ha to wheat) with 10 t farmyard manure/ha applied once a year for 36 years resulted in 786 and 515 per cent increase in maize and wheat yields, respectively over control. Soil acidity rose from 5.8 to 4.58 with the application of fertilizers over 36 years. Conjoint use of FYM with 100 per cent NPK substantially improved the Organic Carbon status by 4.95 g/kg as well as available P, K and S by 154.1, 14.5 and 12.5 kg/ha, respectively in soil over its initial values, thereby indicating significant contribution towards sustaining the soil health. On the other hand, there was a drastic decline in the available N status of soil in all the treatments as compared to the initial value. The various root parameters viz., root mass density (4.08 kg m-3), root volume density (10.84 m3 m-3x10-3), root length density (2.60 m m-3 x 10-4), root surface area (204.12 m2 x 10-4) and root cation exchange capacity (8.37 c mol (p+) kg-1) were found to be highest in the plots with the application of 100% NPK + FYM. Thus, balanced use of fertilizers continuously either alone or in combination with amendments is necessary for sustaining soil fertility and productivity of crops

MX2 gene mRNA expression as potential biomarker for early pregnancy diagnosis in cattle

Early pregnancy diagnosis is vital for economic sustainability of dairy farms and maintaining the reproductive efficiency of the herd. There are many techniques including progesterone assay, pregnancy specific proteins and interferon stimulated genes have been explored for early pregnancy diagnosis but, they are associated with varying level of efficacy. In the present experiment, interferon stimulated gene (Myxovirus resistance gene 2/MX2) expression pattern was used as a potential biomarker for early pregnancy in cattle. The association of MX2 gene expression in relation to progesterone assay was studied to explore its potential use as biomarker of early pregnancy. The plasma progesterone concentration in conceived animals on day 7 (2.26±0.19 ng/ml), 17 (5.42±0.35 ng/ml) and 21(6.38±0.39 ng/ml) was recorded to be significantly higher as compared to respective values in non-conceived animals, i.e. 1.55±0.09 ng/ml, 4.14±0.14 ng/ml and 0.81±0.06 ng/ml. The sudden decrement in plasma progesterone concentration after day 17th discriminates conceived and non-conceived animals. MX2 expression levels were observed to spike in blood due to release of interferon tau (τ) after implantation of embryo. The relative mRNA expression of MX2 gene showed a 9.5 to 28.64-fold higher expression on 17 days post insemination in pregnant animals as compared to non-pregnant animals. Thus, MX2 gene can be used as a reliable biomarker for the early detection of pregnancy

Role of autogenic relaxation in management of diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in type II diabetes mellitus patients

Background: Cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is a very common complication of Type II diabetes mellitus patients. Early detection and treatment of CAN is necessary for reduction of mortality and morbidity in type II diabetes patients.Methods: The study included 120 diagnosed cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus with autonomic neuropathy both male & female, with more than 5 years duration of disease. Age group of the study subjects was between 30 – 70 years. All the 120 diabetic subjects were assessed for their heart rate variability. These 120 diabetic subjects were further divided in two groups by sealed envelope technique, with 60 subjects in each group. Subjects in Group I (Study group) were given relaxation therapy in the form of Rajyoga meditation, as guided by Rajyoga teachers. This group was asked to continue drug therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus as prescribed by physician. On other hand, Group II (Control group) was given drug therapy as directed by physician but without relaxation therapy. At the end of 12 weeks HRV parameters, were re-evaluated and compared between the two groups.Results: Post intervention, Heart Rate Variability results showed that mean RR interval was significantly increased, whereas mean HR was significantly decreased in group I than in group II. All Time Domain parameters (i.e SDNN, RMSSD, NN50, pNN50 & Variance) were significantly increased in group I than in group II. The Frequency Domain parameter i.e LF/HF ratio was significantly decreased in group I than in group II. Thus the results showed that Raj Yoga meditation had a beneficial effect by improving the HRV parameters in diabetic patients with autonomic neuropathy.Conclusions: The study showed there is better improvement in all parameters of HRV in group I as compared to group II with the help of simple yet effective technique of Rajyoga meditation in type II diabetes mellitus patients with cardiac autonomic neuropathy

Sustainability, productivity, profitability and nutritional diversity of six cropping systems under conservation agriculture: A long term study in eastern India

CONTEXT: Intensive cropping and elevated input use to achieve high crop yields have resulted in the injudicious use of resources and a consequent reduction in profit margins for farmers in the Eastern Gangetic Plains (EGP) region of South Asia. In this region rice-wheat (RW) under conventional tillage (CT) management is the most widely cultivated cropping system. While conservation agriculture (CA)-based management practices have been demonstrated to improve cropping system performance, they are considered by many farmers to be risky, and adoption of CA in rice-based cropping systems is low. There has been little agronomic research into alternative cropping systems to develop diversification options appropriate for the EGP. OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that shifting from a conventional RW system to crop establishment practices which incorporate CA principles, combined with alternative crops could improve the whole cropping system in terms of productivity, profitability, and nutritional security (as crop protein). METHODS: A long-term experiment evaluated the performance of five maize-based cropping systems under CA-based management relative to CT RW. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: CA-based practices improved the maize equivalent yield (MEY) by 4–15%, protein yield by 21%, input water productivity by 14–29% and the sustainable yield index by 10–11%, relative to the CT RW baseline. Cropping system labour requirements under CT were 12% higher than those under CA. The average cost of production under CT (USD $933) was 13–14% higher than in systems under CA; cropping systems under CA achieved net returns which were 31–34% higher. Diversifying from the traditional RW system to maize-based systems improved performance in all systems except maize-mustard. SIGNIFICANCE: These results demonstrate that while cropping system performance can be improved by applying CA-based management in RW systems, diversifying to maize-based systems in combination with CA may sustainably improve smallholder productivity and profitability while reducing some of the constraints to introducing CA in rice-based systems. These findings are important for the millions of smallholder farmers across the EGP to sustainably improve food and nutrition security for South Asia