In vitro evaluation of topical gel prepared using natural polymer

Nimesulide is a second generation non–steroidal anti–inflammatory agent, which is widely used in the long term therapy of rheumatoid arthritis, in alleviating pain and inflammation. But its short half-life (only 3–4 hr), so its causes more fluctuation. After oral administration Nimesulide causes to produces heart burn, nausea, loose motions, pruritus, etc. The present study based on the preparation of bioadhesive topical gel of Nimesulide, so as to avoid all gastric side effects. For the preparation of bioadhesive topical gel natural polymer aegel marmelos (plant Bale) was used. Bioadhesive polymers are the agents which increases the contact between the formulation and biological membrane, so as to avoid the fluctuation of formulation and behave as a sustained release formulation. In the present study, prepared bioadhesive topical gel was evaluated with the help of different parameters like drug content, spreadability, extrudability, swelling index study, in–vitro drug diffusion study, in-vitro drug release kinetic study and ex–vivo bioadhesive measurement. On the basis of in–vitro drug diffusion study and ex–vivo bioadhesive measurement property of gel, we have concluded that natural polymer aegel marmelos is the best polymer for the preparation of sustained release bioadhesive topical gel.Keywords: Topical gel; Bioadhesion; Natural polyme

In vitro evaluation of topical gel prepared using natural polymer

Nimesulide is a second generation non–steroidal anti–inflammatory agent, which is widely used in the long term therapy of rheumatoid arthritis, in alleviating pain and inflammation. But its short half-life (only 3–4 hr), so its causes more fluctuation. After oral administration Nimesulide causes to produces heart burn, nausea, loose motions, pruritus, etc. The present study based on the preparation of bioadhesive topical gel of Nimesulide, so as to avoid all gastric side effects. For the preparation of bioadhesive topical gel natural polymer aegel marmelos (plant Bale) was used. Bioadhesive polymers are the agents which increases the contact between the formulation and biological membrane, so as to avoid the fluctuation of formulation and behave as a sustained release formulation. In the present study, prepared bioadhesive topical gel was evaluated with the help of different parameters like drug content, spreadability, extrudability, swelling index study, in–vitro drug diffusion study, in-vitro drug release kinetic study and ex–vivo bioadhesive measurement. On the basis of in–vitro drug diffusion study and ex–vivo bioadhesive measurement property of gel, we have concluded that natural polymer aegel marmelos is the best polymer for the preparation of sustained release bioadhesive topical gel.Keywords: Topical gel; Bioadhesion; Natural polyme

The Impact of Bullying on a Child’s Development: A Gender Based Analysis

It probably comes as no surprise, but bullying has been linked to an enormous amount of developmental issues in children – both in those who have been bullied and those who have bullied others. In fact, according to the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), bullying has a lifelong impact on the social and emotional development of children that puts them at risk for everything from severe mental health issues to stunted professional growth later in life. According to the NICHD, children who are involved in bullying experiences (on either side of the situation) are at an increased risk of developing issues such as: Depression and anxiety Low self-esteem and personal drive Trouble focusing and falling grades Behavioral problems Social and relationship issues Substance abuse later in life Self-harming behaviors Bullying can also affect other children who witness the acts – even if they aren’t directly involved – by leaving them feeling insecure in their environments and fearing they could be next. The long-term effects of bullying go well beyond the initial instances and the people at the center of it and can often stay with a person for the remainder of their life. Since bullying can essentially destroy a child’s self-esteem, it can manifest itself in ways that will jeopardize future opportunities for years to come

Solid-Liquid Phase Transfer Catalyzed Selective Reduction of Bifunctional Moieties

In this article, a chemoselective reduction process of various aldehydes to their corresponding alcohols is described. An aqueous solution of various aromatic and allylic aldehydes was treated with NaBH4 and tetrabutylammonium iodide as a phase transfer catalyst by choosing appropriate concentrations to give their respective alcohols in good to moderate yield. This methodology offered several advantages, including simple environmentally benign experimental procedure, good yields, short reaction time, and no toxic by-product. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17807/orbital.v13i4.157

Pattern of adverse drug reactions occurring at department of neurology of a tertiary care hospital in India

Background: The objective of the study was to study the pattern and trends of adverse effects of drugs used in department of neurology in a tertiary care hospital.Methods: A prospective, observational study was carried out for a duration of 12 months from November 2018 to October 2019 at Department of Neurology and Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, G.S.V.M. Medical College, Kanpur after getting an approval from institutional ethical committee. Data was collected by analyzing OPD prescription slip, treatment charts and investigation reports. All relevant information regarding adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were collected as per norms of Indian Pharmacopoeia commission (IPC).Results: During the study period, a total of 130 ADRs reported. Most of the ADRs were reported due to antiepileptic drugs followed by antiparkinsonian drugs. Dizziness was the most frequent ADR reported. Most of the ADRs were reported due to phenytoin. Other ADRs observed were drowsiness, nausea/vomiting, weakness, joint pain, dyskinesia.Conclusions: Most of the ADRs were due to anti-epileptic drugs. Most of the reactions were of mild severity

Prediction of mitochondrial proteins of malaria parasite using split amino acid composition and PSSM profile

The rate of human death due to malaria is increasing day-by-day. Thus the malaria causing parasite Plasmodium falciparum (PF) remains the cause of concern. With the wealth of data now available, it is imperative to understand protein localization in order to gain deeper insight into their functional roles. In this manuscript, an attempt has been made to develop prediction method for the localization of mitochondrial proteins. In this study, we describe a method for predicting mitochondrial proteins of malaria parasite using machine-learning technique. All models were trained and tested on 175 proteins (40 mitochondrial and 135 non-mitochondrial proteins) and evaluated using five-fold cross validation. We developed a Support Vector Machine (SVM) model for predicting mitochondrial proteins of P. falciparum, using amino acids and dipeptides composition and achieved maximum MCC 0.38 and 0.51, respectively. In this study, split amino acid composition (SAAC) is used where composition of N-termini, C-termini, and rest of protein is computed separately. The performance of SVM model improved significantly from MCC 0.38 to 0.73 when SAAC instead of simple amino acid composition was used as input. In addition, SVM model has been developed using composition of PSSM profile with MCC 0.75 and accuracy 91.38%. We achieved maximum MCC 0.81 with accuracy 92% using a hybrid model, which combines PSSM profile and SAAC. When evaluated on an independent dataset our method performs better than existing methods. A web server PFMpred has been developed for predicting mitochondrial proteins of malaria parasites (http://www.imtech.res.in/raghava/pfmpred/)

A huge mesenteric teratoma in reproductive age woman: a case report

The incidence of dermoid ovarian cyst is 15-20% of all ovarian neoplasm, which is a common entity. Mesenteric cyst are one of the very rare entities with incidence of 1 in 2, 50, 000. Dermoid cysts rarely present as mesenteric cysts. Mesenteric dermoid cyst have good prognosis. Here, we report a rare abdominal tumor which was initially diagnosed clinically as an ovarian dermoid cyst but operative and histology revealed it to be mesenteric dermoid cyst. A 36 year-old, multiparous presented with abdominal mass, gradually increasing in size since 1 year with recent onset of abdominal pain. Physical examination revealed abdominal mass of 22×20 cm size, globular, non-tender, mobile, and cystic to solid in consistency. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) showed 23×21×14.4 cm heterogeneous enhancing mass lesion with areas of fat density and calcifications within, suggestive of neoplastic mass lesion, likely teratoma. Tumor markers were within normal limit. Patient was managed surgically. Laparotomy findings revealed a huge solid mesenteric mass (22×20 cm) weighing 6.5 kgs. Histopathology showed mature cartilage, osteoid formation, fibro-adipose connective tissue, focal lymphoid aggregates, congested blood vessels and focal mature neuronal component and no immature elements seen, confirming dermoid cyst. Mesenteric cyst are rare intra-abdominal tumor found most commonly in ileum (60%) next is ascending colon (40%). However, if a mesenteric cyst locates within the pelvic cavity, as in this case, it may be misdiagnosed as an ovarian cyst

Variations in sympathovagal balance, psychogalvanic reflex and isometric grip force in females with polycystic ovarian syndrome- an exploratory study

Background: Poly-cystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine ailment and recently emerging cause of infertility amongst reproductive females. The disease is associated with multifactorial etiologies. Autonomic dysfunction is cause or result of this disorder is yet a paradox. Various autonomic function tests can be done to reveal this dilemma. Heart rate variability is pivotal amongst these and assesses trivial variations between two heart beats and stands as a marker of cardiac risk. Sympathetic skin response checks integrity of sympathetic reflex tract. Isometric grip force relates contracting force and electromyography with a person’s heart rate during exercise. As there is meagre published evidence on autonomic function testing in central Indian women with PCOS, this study was undertaken on the PCOS patients and their data was compared with regularly menstruating healthy controls. Methods: A cross sectional study was performed on 35 healthy controls and 35 PCOS diagnosed patients of age range 18 to 42 years short-term HRV was recorded using ECG and RR interval using power lab system. Thereafter SSR was obtained using bio amplifier by giving standard acoustic stimuli. The patients were then asked to perform isometric grip force exercise using grip force transducer to obtain various related parameters. Results: The mean age group of controls was 22.62±2.15 years and that of among cases was 23.29±4.26 years. Compared to healthy controls PCOS patients had higher waist circumference, lower HF Norm whereas higher VLF norm and LF/HF ratio, delayed SSR latency while hand grip strength was significantly higher in the control group as compared to the PCOS patients. LF/HF ratio, mean HR, waist circumference and SSR latency were positively correlated to each other and negatively correlated to mean hand grip strength. Conclusions: PCOS females have altered adrenergic status as compared to normal women. Various autonomic function tests like HRV, SSR and hand grip strength exercise can be useful in evaluating these patients as the disease exposes them to various co morbid risk factors

Identification of Proteins Secreted by Malaria Parasite into Erythrocyte using SVM and PSSM profiles

Background: Malaria parasite secretes various proteins in infected RBC for its growth and survival. Thus identification of these secretory proteins is important for developing vaccine/drug against malaria. The existing motif-based methods have got limited success due to lack of universal motif in all secretory proteins of malaria parasite. Results: In this study a systematic attempt has been made to develop a general method for predicting secretory proteins of malaria parasite. All models were trained and tested on a non-redundant dataset of 252 secretory and 252 non-secretory proteins. We developed SVM models and achieved maximum MCC 0.72 with 85.65% accuracy and MCC 0.74 with 86.45% accuracy using amino acid and dipeptide composition respectively. SVM models were developed using split-amino acid and split-dipeptide composition and achieved maximum MCC 0.74 with 86.40% accuracy and MCC 0.77 with accuracy 88.22% respectively. In this study, for the first time PSSM profiles obtained from PSI-BLAST, have been used for predicting secretory proteins. We achieved maximum MCC 0.86 with 92.66% accuracy using PSSM based SVM model. All models developed in this study were evaluated using 5-fold cross-validation technique. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that secretory proteins have different residue composition than non-secretory proteins. Thus, it is possible to predict secretory proteins from its residue composition-using machine learning technique. The multiple sequence alignment provides more information than sequence itself. Thus performance of method based on PSSM profile is more accurate than method based on sequence composition. A web server PSEApred has been developed for predicting secretory proteins of malaria parasites,the URL can be found in the Availability and requirements section

STABILITY INDICATING METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR ESTIMATION OF DORIPENEM IN BULK AND IN SOLID DOSAGE FORM BY RP-HPLC

A robust and reliable high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) approach was developed and validated for the analysis of Doripenem in pharmaceutical dosage form. The method is characterised by its simplicity, selectivity, precision, and capacity to accurately determine the stability of Doripenem. The experimental setup included the use of a Hypersil BDS-C18 column (250 X 4.6 mm ID, 5 µm) as the stationary phase in a chromatographic system. The mobile phase consisted of a combination of methanol and potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate with a pH of 6.7, in a ratio of 20:80. The flow rate of the mobile phase was set at 1 ml/min. The detection of the eluents occurred at a wavelength of 290 nm. The observed retention time for Doripenem was 5.56 minutes. Doripenem underwent acid and alkali hydrolysis, oxidation, photochemical degradation, and heat degradation. The results obtained from the linear regression analysis of the calibration plot demonstrated a strong linear connection within the concentration range of 70 – 130 µg/ml, as shown by a correlation coefficient value of 0.9995. The methodology was assessed to determine its precision, accuracy, ruggedness, and robustness. The medication experiences deterioration when exposed to environments characterised by acidity, alkalinity, photochemical reactions, and thermal stress. The active medicinal component exhibited distinct retention periods for each of its degradation product peaks, indicating successful resolution. The approach's ability to successfully isolate the medication from its degradation products renders it suitable for use as a stability-indicating method