Hospital Efficiency: An Empirical Analysis of District and Grant-in-Aid Hospitals in Gujarat

This study focuses on analysing the hospital efficiency of district level government hospitals and grant-in-aid hospitals in Gujarat. The study makes an attempt to provide an overview of the general status of the health care services provided by hospitals in the state of Gujarat in terms of their technical and allocative efficiency. One of the two thrusts behind addressing the issue of efficiency was to take stock of the state of healthcare services (in terms of efficiency) provided by grant-in-aid hospitals and district hospitals in Gujarat. The motivation behind addressing the efficiency issue is to provide empirical analysis of governments policy to provide grants to not-for-profit making institutions which in turn provide hospital care in the state. The study addresses the issue whether grant-in-aid hospitals are relatively more efficient than public hospitals. This comparison between grant-in-aid hospitals and district hospitals in terms of their efficiency has been of interest to many researchers in countries other than India, and no consensus has been reached so far as to which category is more efficient. The relative efficiency of government and not-for-profit sector has been reviewed in this paper. It is expected that the findings of the study would be useful to evaluate this policy and help policy makers to develop benchmarks in providing the grants to such institutions.

An Investigation of the Effect of Dietary Sulfate on Bile Acid Conjugation and Kinetic Studies of Bile Acyl Transferase in Rat Liver Microsomes

This investigation was undertaken to study the effect of varying levels of dietary sulfate on the relative conjugation of 14C-cholic acid with taurine and glycine in rat liver microsomal preparations with a view to evaluating the factors controlling glycocholic:taurocholic acid (G:T) ratio at the cellular level. Pure microsomal preparations, obtained after centrifuging at high speed, were incubated with the optimum concentrations of 14C-cholic acid, glycine, taurine, coenzyme A, magnesium sulfate, ATP and sodium fluoride for 90 minutes at 37°. The radioactive cholic acid conjugates fonned were separated with thin layer chromatography and visualized by spraying with phosphomolybdic acid. The G:T ratios were computed by comparing the counts in glycocholate and taurocholate bands. No diet related differences were observed in the G:T ratio except in rats fed 0. 0002% SO=4 + 0. 4% cysteine diet. Omission of coenzyme A from the reaction mixture resulted in alterations of the G:T ratio which were related to the level of sulfate in diets. A deficiency of inorganic sulfate or cysteine (0. 0002% SO=4 + 0. 4% cysteine diet and 0. 42% SO=4 diet) caused an increase in the G:T ratio as compared to the G:T ratio observed in rats fed 0. 1% SO=4 + 0.4% cysteine diet and 0. 42% SO=4 + 0. 4% cysteine diet. The overall increase in the G:T ratio in reaction mixtures not containing coenzyme A resulted from a decrease of approximately 85% in taurocholate synthesis and only 55% in glycocholate synthesis. iii The synthesis of taurocholate was more dependent upon the level of coenzyme A. Further, the effect of these diets on the level of free coenzyme A in both the mitochondrial and nuclei free fraction of liver homogenates was studied. There was a decrease in the level of free coenzyme A in the rats fed 0. 0002% SO=4 + 0. 4% cysteine diet and 0. 42% SO=4 diet. These are the same diets which caused an increase in the G:T ratio. This showed that an increase in the G:T ratio observed after feeding these diets was caused by a deficiency of hepatic coenzyme A and any diet which changes taurine concentration and/or coenzyme A concentration would also tend to change the G:T ratio. Michaelis constants (Km) of enzyme bile acyl transferase for glycine and taurine and glycine in the presence of small amounts of taurine were determined. Km of the enzyme for glycine was 15 times higher than its Km for taurine. The Km for glycine in the presence of taurine was further increased, thereby showing that taurine acts as a competitive inhibitor of glycine conjugation. From this investigation it is concluded that there is only one nonspecific enzyme, bile acyl transferase, for which taurine is a preferred substrate due to its lower Km, but this enzyme would also catalyze acyl transfer of other structurally similar compounds like glycine and B-alanine. These data have demonstrated that any dietary treatment which alters the level of taurine and/or coenzyme A in the tissue, will also change the G:T ratio; and may be important in the dietary management of serum cholesterol levels

Weather parameters vulnerability on tea production in north western Himalaya, India

The study assessed the sensitivity of weather parameters with respect to total green leaf and two leaves and bud (T & B) productivity of tea crop {Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze}. The maximum temperature ranging from 20.0 to 29.0 oC during March, May, August and September showed positive relationship with values ranging from 0.26 to 3.38 and 0.22 to 3.22 for green leaf and T & B yield, respectively. Similarly, minimum temperature ranging from 9.1 to 20.0 oC during March and July to October found positive 0.001 to 2.93 and 0.28 to 2.91 for green leaf and T & B productivity, respectively. The mean monthly rainfall amounting 52.7 to 664.7 mm during March, May, July to October and 52.7 to 488.4 mm during June, July, September and October also showed positive sensitivity with values ranging from 0.03 to 0.33 and 0.007 to 0.35 for green leaf and T & B yield, respectively. The relative humidity ranging between 41.2 to 77.3% during April to May for green leaf yield (0.32 to 1.71) and during April to May and October for two leaf and bud yield (0.00 to 1.70) showed positive relationship. So, maximum and minimum temperature between 20.0 to 29.0 oC and 9.1 to 20.0 oC, respectively with rainfall of 52.7 to 488.4 mm and relative humidity 41.2 to 77.3% are the most beneficial weather parameters for tea cultivation at Palampur conditions

A Critical Study of Challenges of Para-Legal Services in India

In present scenario, the Para-Legal Services are having the most specific place in administration of justice for the economic weaker, other disable and vulnerable sections of people to get the justice so the Para-Legal Services are the solution for several problems of above said persons as a panacea but many obstacles, difficulties and hindrances are in existence on the way of implementation of Para-Legal Services hence this research paper has been focused or emphasized on the challenges of Para-Legal Services which reveal the required solution or diagnosis remedies and suggestion or other relevant things with respect to Legal and Para-Legal Services for the delivery of Justice in administration of Justice which is useful, beneficial & helpful for research scholars, students, Professors, teachers, institutions or organizations or establishments, commissions, governments, NGOs, trusts, Colleges, Universities, person individually or group, society and other required persons relating to conduct research & do the needful according to requirements, time & circumstances

Role of Para-Legal Services in Administration of Justice: An Empirical Study of Gwalior District

In today‟s context, rule of law is in existence, subjecting to principle of natural justice, equity, justice, good conscious & morality in Democratic and republic India. Para-Legal Services have got the most specific in primary role in administration of justice as a back bone in delivery of justice. Law is the means & it is having the highest goal of justice. This Research paper has been focused and emphasized on The Role of Para-Legal Services in Administration of Justice: An Empirical Study of Gwalior District. Gwalior is situated in heart of India namely The State of Madhya Pradesh. Gwalior is a division including Gwalior itself. This Research has been conducted with respect to Institutions/colleges/universities where LL.B./ B.A.LL.B./ B.Com.LL.B./ B.B.A.LL.B.(5Ydc) & LL.B (3Ydc) namely Legal/Law education are being conducted in accordance with UGC rules & regulations& approval of Bar Council of India‟s rules & regulations. With this respect this research reveals the genuine conditions or other related facts of Para-Legal Services, Its conduction, legal aid clinics Para-Legal Aid clinics, Para-Legal Training, Education, Literacy, Awareness, Accessibility, Paralegals, Volunteers & other connected things with it. This research paper is beneficial, useful and helpful for professors, Lecturers, teachers, researchers, students, NGO‟s, Trusts, Governments, Organizations, Commissions, Institutions, Colleges, Universities, Establishments and others connected there with

Role of Para-Legal Services in Administration of Justice: An Empirical Study of Ashok Nagar District

In present era, rule of law exists, subjecting to principle of natural justice, equity, justice, good conscious & morality in democratic, secular, sovereign and republic India. The Legal & Para- Legal Services have got the most special and primary role in administration of justice in delivery of justice. Law is the medium & it is has the highest goal of justice. This Research paper has been emphasized on The Role of Para-Legal Services in Administration of Justice: An Empirical Study of Ashok Nagar District which is situated in heart of India namely The State of Madhya Pradesh. This Research has been conducted in respect to Institutions/colleges/universities where LL.B./B.A.LL.B./ B.Com.LL.B./ B.B.A.LL.B.(5Ydc) &/ LL.B(3Ydc) namely Legal/Law education are being conducted in accordance with UGC rules & regulations& approval of Bar Council of India‟s rules & regulations. In this regard, this research shows the genuine/ real/ actual conditions or other related facts of Legal & Para-Legal Services, its conduction, legal aid clinics Para-Legal Aid clinics, Para- Legal Training, Education, Literacy, Awareness, Accessibility, Paralegals, Volunteers & other connected things with it. This research paper is helpful for professors, Lecturers, teachers, researchers, students, NGO‟s, Trusts, Governments, Organizations, Commissions, Institutions, Colleges, Universities, Establishments and others connected with the same

Human Rights of Men in the World of Globalization-An Essence of Time: A Critical Appraisal

The life, liberty, and security of men cannot be given into the hands of women as a puppet in the Rule of Law under the conception of human rights, bearing in mind the “abuses of the law, preconceived ideology, predefined consequences and others against men, subjecting to exceptions.”  Men have also the universal, inherent inalienable, and natural human right to life with dignity and security. In today’s changing globalized scenario, the human rights of men have become the need of the hour and essence of time by reason of arbitrary deprivation and denial of human rights. This research has no intention against women’s human rights and feminism in any case and circumstance.  Gender neutrality is required in today’s context for certain matters as to human rights otherwise than some exceptions and exclusions in accordance with the time, necessity, circumstances, and others in this regard This research has especially emphasized the specification of human rights of men in a global perspective. This research has emphasized the human rights of men in the world of globalization as an essence of time as available

Perception regarding pubertal changes among rural adolescent boys of Haryana: A school based study

Background: Adolescence is a transition phase through which a child matures into an adult. The physical changes in the human body are from infant to child to adolescence to adult to old age.  All phases of life behave like a coin with both good and bad facets attached to each phase of life. Aims & Objectives:  1. To study perception and awareness regarding pubertal changes among school going adolescent boys. 2. To study the association between education and perceived pubertal problems among study subjects. Material & Methods: The study was conducted among male students of senior secondary schools of community development block Beri in one year. The study universe comprised of students in middle and late adolescence (aged 14-18 years) studying in 9th to 12th classes of the senior secondary schools in the area. A total of 1000 male students were selected from these schools which were more than the required sample size of 891. Results: The study found that 42.66% students and a half (50%) of students of class 9th & 10th and class 11th & 12th respectively considered that pubertal changes as a normal phenomenon. The majority of students admitted practicing masturbation and felt shy and guilty for practicing masturbation, also students felt fatigued after night emission. Conclusions: The study concludes that adolescent’s sexuality which often causes controversy and concern among adults is least discussed with them during adolescence. The reasons for this may be many, including moral grounds or because of concomitant health risks and threats to wellbeing

Justice Accessibility in perspective of Juristic Rational Science with Specific Dimension of Medical and Forensic Science

To get the Justice accessibility, the Medical and Forensic Science are found to function as one of roots of the Juristic Rational Science as the supplement specifically to ensure justice in matters of offences as murder, culpable homicide and others to obtain the evidence for reliance and proven or disproven the guilt or innocence of the person. In the offences of the life and personal liberty of humans, satisfactory justice accessibility is not found possible only in Juristic Rational Science without the support of Medical and Forensic Science, this research has inclusions of Justice Accessibility in Juristic Rational Science as to the offences against the human body which are the direct integral part of the life (soul) and personal liberty (whatever is needed for the human body to alive basically and advanced) of human with the coordination of Medical and Forensic Science including Medical Jurisprudence simultaneously