Evaluation of Mass Drug Administration to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis in Surguja and Surajpur District, Chhattisgarh

Background: Mass Drug Administration of a single dose of DEC was launched on June 5, 2004 by the Government of India. MDA coverage increased gradually from 72.42% in 2004 to 88.96% in 2014. However, compliance has remained relatively low in most of the endemic areas as in 9 endemic Districts in State of Chhattisgarh. In Chhattisgarh State, Lymphatic Filariasis affected 14,818 people in the year 2011 and 13921 in the year 2013 with demonstrated manifestation. Objectives: To assess the coverage and compliance along with factors affecting compliance regarding MDA implementation in Surguja and Surajpur District of Chhattisgarh. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from July-September 2021 in two district of Chhattisgarh. The division of segments and selection of the households was done based on the WHO criteria of coverage evaluation survey field guide in which from 30 villages, 450 households were covered. Result:  The overall coverage rate was 95.55% in Surguja and 89.16% in Surajpur District. The overall compliance was 89.3% with Coverage-Compliance gap of 4.12. The Effective Coverage Rate was 89.3% in 2243 eligible population of Surguja and Surajpur District. Coverage and Compliance was found more in females as compared to males but was found to be statistically not significant.  Coverage and Compliance was found more in Surguja district as compared to Surajpur district. Conclusion: Training programme for drug distributors should emphasize more on how to address the fear of side effects among beneficiaries and other reasons of low compliance for the benefit of the MDA programme

A Survey on Touch Based Food Ordering System in Restaurants

In today’s world, technology has entered almost all the fields and has grown vastly in each of these fields. But one of the industries where technology is yet to expand is the Food Industry. In India the food industry i.e., the restaurants still follow the traditional pen and paper method. While the new cafes have adapted to a new a computer based ordering, the restaurants in India still use the traditional method of pen and paper. This method often tends to waste the time of both the customers as well as the restaurants, plus there is a possibility of getting the wrong order. This paper presents touch based food ordering system considering android as the base and various other technologies such as Java and Html, CSS, AJAX, etc. for web based applications

Real Time Lidar Odometry and Mapping and Creation of Vector Map

Environment mapping and localization is one of the remarkable technology for an autonomous vehicle (AV). Self localization of vehicle or robots with very high accuracy is required for the proper navigation. Through the Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM), an AV or robot can create a map of its surroundings and simultaneously localize in it. The built maps enable important tasks such as path planning and obstacle avoidance. The Localization and Mapping process should be faster for real time applications. We have validated the accuracy of localization process with ground truth on kitti odometry benchmark dataset. Analysis of the localization accuracy, computational efficiency, rotational and translational error and loop closure has been done. After the evaluation of method, the algorithm is tested on the real time data using velodyne VLP32-C LiDAR. We have optimized the computational time of LiDAR Odometry and Mapping (LOAM) algorithm in order to use it in real time. We have created the 3D point cloud map of our campus and able to simultaneously localize the vehicle on it by our method Real Time LiDAR Odometry and Mapping (RT-LOAM) with centimeter-level accuracy. Also, the annotation on the 3D point cloud map is done to construct the vector map which is compatible to Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) map. © 2022 IEEE

Quantum chemical study on gas phase pyrolysis of p-isopropenylphenol

In the pyrolysis of Sphagnum moss species, p-isopropenylphenol (p-IPP) is a major product which has been considered in this density functional theory based computational study for its conversion to various products such as benzene, phenol, 4-propenylphenol, indan-5-ol, 4-propylcyclohexanone, 4-cyclopropylphenol, etc. In order to achieve these products, eight different reaction schemes are performed using B3LYP/6–311 + g (d,p) level of theory. Further, thermodynamic properties such as reaction free energies and reaction enthalpies associated with these eight reaction schemes are developed in the temperature range of 298–898 K. The reaction schemes that include partial hydrogenation of the aromatic carbon followed by elimination of functional groups are found to demand low activation energy. The production of benzene from p-IPP with isopropenylbenzene as an intermediate product requiring only 19.83 kcal/mol of activation energy is the rate limiting reaction step. Indan-5-ol produced from p-IPP is validated with the literature results and found excellent agreement between two results. Furthermore, the temperature is found to have phenomenal effect in each reaction scheme

Production of toluene by decomposition of 2-hydroxy-6-methylbenzaldehyde: a DFT study

The fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass produces raw bio-oil that comprises of several oxygenated organic compounds which are disadvantageous and lower the quality of bio-oil as a fuel. In this numerical study, 2-hydroxy-6-methylbenzaldehyde (HMB) component, one such oxygenated compound which represents aromatic aldehyde category of bio-oil, is considered as model compound for its decomposition within the framework of density functional theory. The bond dissociation analysis of HMB component suggests that the dehydrogenation of methyl group is the least energy demanding amongst all nine possible bond scissions. Further, eight reaction pathways are investigated for the conversion of HMB into toluene as end product along with the analyses of their corresponding potential energy surfaces. Briefly, results indicate that the optimum reaction progress for the production of toluene from HMB requires an activation energy of 12.26 kcal/mol. It is further observed that the production of toluene from HMB includes m-cresol as an intermediate instead of 2-formyltoulene; and, the production of 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde is not favourable. Furthermore, the thermochemistry analyses for the production of toluene using optimum reaction pathway and for the production of 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde using reaction pathway 9 are performed over a wide range of temperature, i. e., 473–873 K at an interval of 100 K. The thermochemistry also suggests higher favourability for the production of toluene compared to the production of 2-hydroxybenzaldehdye by decomposing HMB

Object Detection and Segmentation using LiDAR-Camera Fusion for Autonomous Vehicle

The Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensor plays a crucial role in perceiving the environment for an autonomous vehicle. But, in many scenarios LiDAR is unable to capture important information, for example, traffic light signals. This kind of scenario can be avoided by using camera images with LiDAR data. But, the system will not work effectively, if there is no proper calibration and synchronization between camera images and LiDAR data. In this paper, we have demonstrated a system, where objects are synchronously detected and segmented in both images and LiDAR data from KITTI datasets. Currently, the system is working in real-time using Robot Operating System (ROS) and can process up to 10 frames of image and point cloud data per second. © 2021 IEEE

Mobile Robot Terrain Mapping for Path Planning using Karto Slam and Gmapping Technique

Mapping is one of the mobile robot's most basic applications. A mobile robot's sensors, such as a laser sensor, sonar, and camera, are used to create the map. Most mapping techniques use simultaneous localization and Mapping (SLAM). SLAM allows for creating a map and the localization of the robot's position on it. This research compares the trajectories of a mobile robot created by several ROS-based SLAM systems. And also, GMapping and Karto SLAM are two well-known SLAM algorithms employed. The mobile robot is equipped with 2D lidar and monocular camera. The mapping is done at two distinct locations, in labs of varying sizes with varying numbers of static and dynamic objects. Three test runs are conducted for GMapping to examine the effects of various variables on mapping quality, including particle filter, mapping delay, and robot speed. The results show a significant difference in operation completion time and mapping accuracy as a result of the parameter changing over the three test runs. Due to the improved accuracy of the parameter used in the second test run of GMapping and Karto SLAM, the accuracy of the maps is the basis for this improvement. On the other hand, the second test run with robot particle filter 30, mapping delay 1, and speed 0.13m/s is thought to be the best3\2 13Q/0. © 2022 IEEE

Quantum chemical study on gas phase decomposition of ferulic acid

<p>Ferulic acid, representing phenolic fraction of bio-oil, is considered to be a model compound in this study for its decomposition into various end products such as ethylbenzene, eugenol, <i>cis</i>-isoeugenol, vanillin, 4-ethylguaiacol, guaiacol, and acetovanillone using density functional theory approach. Results of bond dissociation energies indicate that cleavage of methyl group from ferulic acid is the lowest energy-demanding bond scission amongst all 14 bond cleavages. Primary end product by decomposition of ferulic acid is found to be ethylbenzene and its production occurs through the formation of intermediate products such as 4-hydroxycinnamic acid, cinnamic acid and styrene. Demethoxylation of ferulic acid gives rise to the production of 4-hydroxycinnamic acid which further undergoes the formation of cinnamic acid by dehydroxylation reaction route. The formation of cinnamic acid in this study is carried out using three reaction schemes 1–3 and its further reduction to ethylbenzene is performed using two reaction possibilities. Finally, favourable pathway is found to be decarboxylation of cinnamic acid to produce vinylbenzene followed by the production of ethylbenzene using hydrogenation of C=C chain double bond. Furthermore, thermochemistry of each reaction scheme is performed at atmospheric pressure and at a wide range of temperature of 598–898 K.</p