An unusual presentation of actinomycosis in a dairy cow

A first lactation dairy cow (in late gestation) presented with a hard round swelling of the right olecranon and slight lameness. A lateromedial radiograph of the right olecranon had a mottled appearance with indistinct borders. Bone biopsy was performed post calving. Histology showed fibrosis and reactive changes, however this sample was considered too superficial and not representative of the whole lesion. Based on the differential diagnoses treatment was not possible and the cow was culled at the end of her lactation. At slaughter the forelimb was retained for further analysis. Grossly, the olecranon was severely enlarged, irregular with multiple yellow granulomas in the cortex and medulla of the bone. Histology showed multifocal pyogranulomas containing bacteria, Splendore-Hoeppli material and surrounded by remodelled bone and fibrosis. Despite displaying biochemical properties characteristic of Actinomycesspecies this could not be confirmed by partial 16s rRNA sequencing and the organism could not be definitively speciated

Sarcoptic mange and other ectoparasitic infections in a red fox (<i>Vulpes vulpes</i>) population from central Italy.

Fifty red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from the district of Pisa (central Italy) were examined for ectoparasites. Sarcoptic mange was diagnosed on the presence of clearly visible skin lesions with confirmatory demonstration of Sarcoptes scabiei at parasitological and histopathological analysis. Ticks and fleas were collected directly from the carcases during post mortem examination, fixed and identified by morphological examination. For the detection of ear Malassezia and mite infections, cytological and parasitological examinations of ear wax samples were performed. All data were statistically analysed using a χ2 test with the Yates correction. An overall prevalence of 84% for ectoparasitic infections was found in examined subjects. In regard to isolated ectoparasites, 38%, 8%, 82%, 6% and 8% of foxes resulted positive for S. scabiei, Otodectes cynotis, Malassezia spp., fleas (Archaeopsylla erinacei, Pulex irritans, Ctenocephalides canis) and ticks (Ixodes ricinus and Rhipicephalus sanguineus), respectively. Malassezia ear infection was significantly more prevalent in animals older than 1 year (P Sarcoptes-infected animals indicate that sarcoptic mange should be considered the most important ectoparasitic infection of red foxes in the examined area

Apprendre à écrire pour apprendre les sciences

Les élèves écrivent en classe de sciences comme dans la plupart des activités scolaires mais cette activité d'écriture fait rarement l'objet d'un apprentissage. Les AA. essayent de caractériser les fonctions spécifiques à l'enseignement des sciences des différents écrits produits par les élèves et de proposer une réflexion sur la façon dont on peut apprendre aux élèves à écrire en sciences à travers l'analyse de situations d'enseignement. Deux points sont particulièrement développés : la diversification des écrits (écrit est pris ici dans le sens de " toute inscription sur une feuille de papier ") et la création de situations de prise de distance visant à développer des expériences et des connaissances métacognitive

Un instrument d'analyse des modèles implicites de l'enseignement scientifique chez les enseignants

Un instrument, le " Q-sort ", est utilisé ici comme outil de prise de distance dans une démarche de recherche pour explorer la diversité relative des conceptions de l'enseignement scientifique et faire la part de ce qui relève de choix de valeurs à l'intérieur de questions de recherch

Novel sequence variants of viral hexon and fibre genes in two dogs with canine adenovirus type 1-associated disease

There is little information on sequence variation of canine adenovirus type 1 (CAdV-1), the aetiological agent of infectious canine hepatitis (ICH). This study reports hexon and fibre gene sequence variants of CAdV-1 in a dog with systemic ICH and a dog with the ocular form of the disease (\ue2\u80\u98blue eye\ue2\u80\u99) in Northern Italy in 2013. One of the sequence variants matched a CAdV-1 fox sequence previously detected in Italy

Organizational and Legal Issues of Prosecutor’s Supervision of Noncustodial Penalties’ Enforcement

The article deals with a set of issues related to the due course of law in the execution of punishments not related to isolation from society, and which have recently become widespread in the framework of the implementation of one of the directions of the state's policy in the field of combating crime - the expansion of types of punishments alternative to imprisonment. The author analyzes the powers of the prosecutor's office as a guarantor of compliance with the rule of law in the field of prosecutorial supervision, the purpose of which is, on the one hand, to identify, suppress and prevent violations of the law in the execution of criminal sentences and prevention of recurrence of crimes, and on the other, to respect the rights and legitimate interests of convicts

Experimental infection with Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in European brown hare (Lepus europaeus, Pallas)

Objective To investigate clinicopathological, bacteriological and pathological aspects of an experimental infection with Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (Y. pseudotuberculosis) in hares to verify the efficacy of serology for the in vivo diagnosis. Moreover, the pathogenicity of two Y. pseudotuberculosis strains was investigated in order to detect potential differences. Methods Twelve European brown hares (Lepus europaeus, Pallas) were experimentally infected per os and via conjunctival mucosae with Y. pseudotuberculosis: six subjects were infected with a strain isolated from a naturally infected hare (YpH) and six subjects with a strain isolated from a naturally infected rabbit (YpR). Two hares were used as negative controls. All animals were subjected to clinical, bacteriological and serological examinations during 9 weeks following the infection and, at the end of the control period, subjects still alive were euthanized and submitted to a complete post mortem examination. Results All faecal samples collected during the control period were positive for bacteriological examinations and to a PCR for the inv gene of Y. pseudotuberculosis, while only one YpH-infected hare showed a positive haemocultures. From the 2nd to the 9th week post infection (pi), serological analysis revealed specific antibodies with titers ranging from 1:10 to 1:160 in all YpH-infected and two YpR-infected subjects. All the YpH-infected and two YpR-infected hares scored positive for Y. pseudotuberculosis by means of bacteriological investigations. Grossly, suppurative multifocal lesions were detected in liver, spleen, kidney and sub-mandibular lymph nodes in both YpH- and YpR-infected hares and confirmed with histopathology. Pulmonary lesions were observed only in YpH-infected subjects. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of bacterial antigen in all infected animals. Conclusion Results of this study revealed that YpH strain is more pathogenic for hares than the YpR strain; moreover the serological test performed in this study could be used for the diagnosis of pseudotuberculosis in hares, whereas post mortem diagnosis should be confirmed by means of bacteriological examination, PCR, histopathology and immunohistochemistry