Phylogeography of the Neotropical catfish Pimelodus albicans (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) from río de la Plata basin, South America, and conservation remarks

Pimelodus albicans Valenciennes, 1840 (common name "moncholo" or "bagre blanco") is an endemic species of the family Pimelodidae in the río de la Plata basin. Phylogenetic approach based on cytochrome b sequences was performed to test the existence of a unique evolutionary lineage in P. albicans and to discriminate populations units or subpopulations related to a migration behavior of this taxon in the río de la Plata basin. This study included 34 samples of P. albicans of different collecting sites in the río de la Plata estuary and in the río Arrecifes belonging to the río Paraná basin. Among 614 base pairs in the cytochrome b sequence data set, 203 were variable and 120 were phylogenetically informative sites in P. albicans. A total of twenty haplotypes, nucleotide diversity (π) = 0.032 and haplotype diversity = 0.941 were found. Tajima's test showed significant value D= -1.88 (p<0.05) rejecting the neutral mutation hypothesis for the P. albicans data set. All phylogenetic approaches showed that P. albicans included four monophyletic assemblages that were supported by high bootstrap and Bayesian posterior probability values. Minimum spanning network corroborated these groups for P. albicans haplotypes. High genetic structure was found in P. albicans by means of AMOVA analysis showing that the río Arrecifes samples constitute an isolated lineage. Moreover, the high value of genetic divergence (10%) between the río de la Plata and the río Arrecifes populations could suggest that P. albicans may be conformed by a sibling species complex. On the other hand, a degree of genetic structuring was detected among different sites of the río de la Plata. A partial isolation of the 760 site may suggest that P. albicans could migrates to different tributaries for reproduction, generating different schools of haplotypes which could mix in the río de la Plata estuary. The high nucleotide diversity found in the 765 site and the existence of gene flow with the remaining collecting sites would be concordant with the outlined hypothetic scenarios of the mixing populations in the middle of the río de la Plata estuaryFacultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

Seroprevalencia de Marcadores Infecciosos en Donantes del Banco de Sangre del Hospital Essalud Base III Juliaca, 2017

Objetivo: Determinar la seroprevalencia de marcadores infecciosos en donantes del Banco De Sangre Del Hospital EsSalud Base III Juliaca, 2017. Material y métodos: El estudio utilizó un método no experimental, de tipo estudio epide-miológico; es observacional, retrospectivo, transversal y descriptivo, se utilizó como instrumento una ficha para recolección de datos elaborado por el investi-gador, para el análisis y cruce de datos se utilizó el programa estadístico SPSS en su versión 22, el tipo de población y muestra es de un total de 517 donantes, que cumplieron criterios de selección. Resultados: Se identificó el marcador se-rológico más prevalente del Banco de sangre del Hospital EsSalud Base III Ju-liaca, 2017, el HTLV 1 -2. Conclusiones: La edad que oscila entre 17 y 27 años, la ocupación independiente, la presencia de tatuajes, contacto sexual con grupos de riesgo son los factores relacionados a mayor prevalencia de marcadores in-fecciosos en donantes del Banco De Sangre Del Hospital Essalud Base III Ju-liaca, 2017.Tesi

Genetic diversity and connectivity remain high in Holothuria polii (Delle Chiaje 1823) across a coastal lagoon-open sea environmental gradient

Coastal lagoons represent habitats with widely heterogeneous environmental conditions, particularly as regards salinity and temperature, which fluctuate in both space and time. These characteristics suggest that physical and ecological factors could contribute to the genetic divergence among populations occurring in coastal lagoon and open-coast environments. This study investigates the genetic structure of Holothuria polii at a micro-geographic scale across the Mar Menor coastal lagoon and nearby marine areas, estimating the mitochondrial DNA variation in two gene fragments, cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and 16S rRNA (16S). Dataset of mitochondrial sequences was also used to test the influence of environmental differences between coastal lagoon and marine waters on population genetic structure. All sampled locations exhibited high levels of haplotype diversity and low values of nucleotide diversity. Both genes showed contrasting signals of genetic differentiation (non-significant differences using COI and slight differences using 16S, which could due to different mutation rates or to differential number of exclusive haplotypes. We detected an excess of recent mutations and exclusive haplotypes, which can be generated as a result of population growth. However, selective processes can be also acting on the gene markers used; highly significant generalized additive models have been obtained considering genetic data from 16S gene and independent variables such as temperature and salinity.Coastal lagoons represent habitats with widely heterogeneous environmental conditions, particularly as regards salinity and temperature, which fluctuate in both space and time. These characteristics suggest that physical and ecological factors could contribute to the genetic divergence among populations occurring in coastal lagoon and open-coast environments. This study investigates the genetic structure of Holothuria polii at a micro-geographic scale across the Mar Menor coastal lagoon and nearby marine areas, estimating the mitochondrial DNA variation in two gene fragments, cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and 16S rRNA (16S). Dataset of mitochondrial sequences was also used to test the influence of environmental differences between coastal lagoon and marine waters on population genetic structure. All sampled locations exhibited high levels of haplotype diversity and low values of nucleotide diversity. Both genes showed contrasting signals of genetic differentiation (non-significant differences using COI and slight differences using 16S, which could due to different mutation rates or to differential number of exclusive haplotypes. We detected an excess of recent mutations and exclusive haplotypes, which can be generated as a result of population growth. However, selective processes can be also acting on the gene markers used; highly significant generalized additive models have been obtained considering genetic data from 16S gene and independent variables such as temperature and salinity

Prevalence of Radiological Chronic Pancreatitis and Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency in Patients with Decompensated Liver Disease: Is Fecal Elastase Useful in This Setting?

Chronic pancreatitis; Decompensated cirrhosis; Micronutrient deficienciesPancreatitis crónica; Cirrosis descompensada; Deficiencias de micronutrientesPancreatitis crònica; Cirrosi descompensada; Deficiències de micronutrientsChronic alcohol consumption is a well-known etiological factor for both chronic pancreatitis (CP) and liver cirrhosis. However, there is discussion over how often these two entities are present together in the same patient. The main goal of our study is to establish the prevalence of CP and low fecal elastase (FE-1) in patients with decompensated liver disease (DLD). In addition, we aim to identify the demographic, epidemiological and clinical factors associated with EPI and CP in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis. This was an observational single-center study including 119 consecutive patients hospitalized for acute decompensation of cirrhosis, mostly of alcoholic etiology. Patients underwent computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess the radiological features of CP. We also performed two FE-1 tests and complete blood tests to assess the presence of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) and nutritional status, including micronutrients. The results of our study show that 32 patients (26.9%) had low fecal elastase suggesting EPI and 11 (9.2%) had CP. Patients meeting radiological CP criteria had lower FE-1 than patients without CP. There were no statistically significant differences in micronutrient deficiencies according to the presence of CP or not. Likewise, we did not find any statistically significant differences in micronutrient deficiencies among patients with normal and low FE-1 indicative of EPI. FE-1 alone may not be suitable for assessing EPI in patients with acute DLD. Detecting co-existing pancreatic disease may be important in a subset of patients with DLD, when the FE-1 levels are significantly low, potentially suggestive of a pancreatic anomaly. Moreover, the clinical manifestations of EPI and CP are not useful in detecting CP in DLD patients. Likewise, CP cannot explain all causes of EPI in these patients

Micronutrient Deficiencies in Patients with Decompensated Liver Cirrhosis

Cirrosi descompensada; Deficiència de micronutrients; DesnutricióCirrosis descompensada; Deficiencia de micronutrientes; DesnutriciónDecompensated cirrhosis; Micronutrient deficiency; MalnutritionPatients with cirrhosis often develop malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies, leading to a worse prognosis and increased mortality. Our main goal was to assess the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. This was a prospective single-center study including 125 consecutive patients hospitalized for acute decompensation of cirrhosis (mostly of alcoholic etiology). A blood test including trace elements and vitamins was performed on admission. The main micronutrient deficiencies observed were vitamin D (in 94.5%), vitamin A (93.5%), vitamin B6 (60.8%) and zinc (85.6%). Patients in Child-Pugh class C had lower levels of vitamin A (p < 0.0001), vitamin E (p = 0.01) and zinc (p < 0.001), and higher levels of ferritin (p = 0.002) and vitamin B12 (p < 0.001) than those in Child-Pugh class A and B. Patients with a higher model of end-stage liver disease (MELD) score had lower levels of vitamin A (p < 0.0001), vitamin E (p < 0.001), magnesium (p = 0.01) and zinc (p = 0.001), and higher levels of ferritin (p = 0.002) and vitamin B12 (p < 0.0001). Severe hepatic insufficiency correlated with lower levels of zinc, vitamin E and vitamin A, and higher levels of vitamin B12 and ferritin

Topological field theories in n-dimensional spacetimes and Cartan's equations

Action principles of the BF type for diffeomorphism invariant topological field theories living in n-dimensional spacetime manifolds are presented. Their construction is inspired by Cuesta and Montesinos' recent paper where Cartan's first and second structure equations together with first and second Bianchi identities are treated as the equations of motion for a field theory. In opposition to that paper, the current approach involves also auxiliary fields and holds for arbitrary n-dimensional spacetimes. Dirac's canonical analysis for the actions is detailedly carried out in the generic case and it is shown that these action principles define topological field theories, as mentioned. The current formalism is a generic framework to construct geometric theories with local degrees of freedom by introducing additional constraints on the various fields involved that destroy the topological character of the original theory. The latter idea is implemented in two-dimensional spacetimes where gravity coupled to matter fields is constructed out, which has indeed local excitations.Comment: LaTeX file, no figure

A new building block for polynuclear complexes: The ion [Ru(CN)4(bptz)]2- (bptz = 3,6-Bis(2-pyridyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine)

Se reportan la síntesis y las propiedades fisicoquímicas del nuevo complejo mononuclear de rutenio (II), de fórmula Na2[Ru(bptz)(CN)4 ].4H2 O (bptz = 3,6-bis(2-piridil)-1,2,4,5- tetrazina). Los datos espectrales de IR y de UV-visible, junto a las medidas de voltamperometría cíclica, indican que el ligando bptz tiene una capacidad aceptora π - intermedia entre dpp y bpz cuando se coordina a un grupo tetracianorutenato(II) (dpp = 2,3-bis(2’-piridil)pirazina ; bpz = 2,2’-bipirazina). Este complejo puede ser usado como un fotosensibilizador, pues emite a temperatura ambiente en soluciones alcohólicas, y como una unidad estructural para la construcción de nuevos complejos polinucleares, tales como el ion simétrico [(CN)4 Ru(bptz)Ru(CN)4 ]4-, cuya preparación y propiedades espectrales en soluciones acuosas se describen también en este trabajo.The synthesis and physicochemical properties of the new mononuclear ruthenium(II) complex, of formula Na2[Ru(bptz)(CN)4].4H2 O (bptz = 3,6-bis(2-pyridyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine)are reported. The IR and UV-vis spectral data, together with cyclic voltammetrymeasurements, indicate that the ligand bptz has a π -acceptor ability intermediate betweendpp and bpz when coordinated to the tetracyanoruthenate(II) moiety (dpp = 2,3-bis(2’- pyridyl)pyrazine ; bpz = 2,2’-bipyrazine). This complex can be used as a photosensitizer,since it emits at room temperature in alcoholic solutions, and as a building block for new polynuclear complexes, such as the symmetric ion [(CN)4 Ru(bptz)Ru(CN)4]4-, whose preparation and spectral properties in aqueous solutions are also described in this work.Fil: García Posse, Mónica Ema. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Química Física; ArgentinaFil: Vergara, Monica Mercedes. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Química Física; ArgentinaFil: Fagalde, Florencia. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Química Física; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Química del Noroeste. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Química del Noroeste; ArgentinaFil: Mellace, María G.. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Química Física; ArgentinaFil: Katz, Néstor Eduardo. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Química Física; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Química del Noroeste. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Química del Noroeste; Argentin

Medidas de protección dictadas en los procesos de violencia familiar según la Ley 30364, juzgado de familia transitorio Moyobamba – 2019

La investigación tiene como objetivo general, determinar el nivel de cumplimiento de las medidas de protección dictadas en los procesos de violencia familiar según la Ley 30364, en el Juzgado de Familia Transitorio Moyobamba – 2019, es una investigación de tipo aplicada, descriptivo, cuantitativo, transversal, con un diseño no experimental, teniendo una población de 7 trabajadores del Juzgado de Familia Transitorio de Moyobamba y 8 abogados litigantes, haciendo un total de 15 personas a la cuales se realizó el cuestionario de encuesta, en sus resultados explica que las acciones legales del proceso relacionadas con los tipos de violencia familiar referente al otorgamiento de las medidas de protección tiene un cumplimiento bueno; y las actividades de seguimiento que realiza el equipo multidisciplinario del Poder Judicial Moyobamba, a las medidas de protección dictadas son deficientes. Finalmente concluye que Existe un nivel bajo de cumplimiento de las medidas de protección dictadas en los procesos de violencia familiar según la Ley 30364, en el Juzgado de Familia Transitorio Moyobamba2019, donde su otorgamiento es alto y ocurre en todos los casos, sin embargo la implementación y posterior verificación de su cumplimiento no es el óptimo