RECORDS OF MOBBING BEHAVIOR IN VENEZUELAN WILD BIRDS

Mobbing is a survival strategy in which birds attack enemies to drive them from the vicinity. This paper reports mobbing behavior events among wild bird species of Venezuela. A total of 31 species from 15 families were recorded in 130 mobbing events. Individual mobbing was the widespread strategy, recorded in 24 species (77%) and 82 mobbing events (63%). Birds tended to mob individually when the enemy was flying but they inclined to do so in groups when the enemy was perched (χ2 =18.191, p<0.05). However, 16 species (52%) required additional assistance of conspecifics, and only three species (10%) were assisted by non-conspecific allies. Anti-predatory was the widespread function, recorded in 27 species (87%) and 106 mobbing events (82%). 22 species (71%) mobbed one bird of prey at least, and 79 mobbing events (61%) were against typical raptor-shaped birds. But mobbing also was performed for other purposes: six species (19%) mobbed for food resource protection in 17 mobbing events (13%) while other four species (13%) mobbed for site defense in five events (4%). Mobbing behavior was recorded at breeding time in 16 species (53%), and 75 mobbing events (58%) occurred at that period. Seven mobber species (23%) were also mobbed. Most mobbing events (98%) were initiated by the weaker species. Highly significant differences were found in body size (W: 4471.0; p>0.01) and body mass (W: 4452.5; p>0.01) between the mobber and mobbed species. In general, a mobber bird engaged in mobbing with other birds of same body size and body mass up to 5.6 times larger and 117.5 heavier. Only the Roadside Hawk Rupornis magnirostris and the Tropical Kingbird Tyrannus melancholichus were exposed to true danger when they mobbed the Great Black-Hawk Buteogallus anthracinus. Recorded information improves the repository of available knowledge in Venezuela and the Neotropical region

Veinte años de pensar el género

ResumenSe presentan los aprendizajes teórico-conceptuales obtenidos como resultado de 20años de trabajar en el campo de los estudios de género, a partir de la revisión de la evolución de este término y de la experiencia en dos ámbitos: la investigación empírica y la coordinación de un centro de estudios de género, que tuvo implicadas cuestiones teóricas, éticas y políticas. El punto de partida de este ejercicio reflexivo es la revisión de lo que significa o quiere significar el término género, para luego explicar lo que ha llegado a ser en nuestros días; de su utilidad, sus abusos, su potencial explicativo, sus límites y sus efectos perversos. Se concluye con el planteamiento de algunas cuestiones teóricas que abren nuevas líneas de reflexión sobre el campo de trabajo.AbstractThe author presents the conceptual theoretical learning obtained through 20years’ work in the field of gender studies on the basis of a review of the evolution of this term and experience in two areas: empirical research and the coordination of a gender studies center, which involved theoretical, ethical and political issues. The starting point of this reflexive exercise is a review of what the term “gender” means or is intended to mean, and then to explain what it has become today; its usefulness, abuses, explanatory potential, limits and perverse effects. It concludes by putting forward a number of theoretical questions that open up new lines of reflection in the field of work

Comentarios a la Ley Simpson-Rodino

Para la relación México-Estados Unidos la reciente aprobación de la Ley Simpson-Rodino constituye un elemento más para agudizar y tensificar la ya deteriorada relación bilateral. Su principal objetivo es controlar de manera más efectiva el flujo de trabajadores ilegales que, de acuerdo a la opinión pública norteamericana, constituye una amenaza para su sociedad. Con la aplicación de esta ley, plantean que se recuperará el control de sus fronteras

A study of the treatment of the Korean conflict in english-language newspapers through critical discourse analysis

Traballo Fin de Grao en Lingua e Literatura Inglesas. Curso 2017-2018Critical discourse analysis gives us the tools to study the use of language from a social perspective. I aim to give an overview of the main currents and ideas of critical discourse analysis, and afterwards use its methodology to analyse written texts dealing with the Korean conflict in the English-language press. The Korean conflict has been an ongoing political and military struggle sapnning from the end of Wold War II (1945) to our days. The development of nuclear weapons by the PDRK (Democratic's People Republic of North Korea) and the role of the United States of America in the conflict make it one of the most talked about international topics these days, especially after the election of Donald Trump as President of the United States. Before my analysis of the press, Iwill contextualise the situation with historical facts, so that any possible bias or manipulation may be counterbalanced. I will look at the treatment thar news and articles give to North Korea and the Korean conflict in English language media through an orientalist gaza by western media. Ultimately, this study is about the way thar language may condition the way we cognise the world

Anti-Immigrant Sentiments, Actions, and Policies: the North American Region and the European Union / Sentimientos, acciones y políticas antiinmigrantes: América del Norte y la Unión Europea

Introduction /Mónica Verea; Introducción / Mónica Verea; Visión General; Aproximaciones teóricas para entender las políticas migratorias restrictivas y los sentimientos antiinmigrantes en el siglo XXI / Mónica Verea; Conflicto social; América del Norte; Constitutional Failure or Anti-Immigrant Success? Local Anti-Immigrant Ordinances and Sentiments in the United States / Liette Gilbert and Kathy A. Kolnick; The Complexity of Immigration Attitudes in the United States:Public Opinion; the Border States of Arizona and California / Frederic I. Solop and Nancy A. Wonders; State-Level Immigrant-Related Legislation: What It Means for the Immigration Policy Debate / Robert Donnelly; Local Anti-Immigration Politics in California’s Inland Empire / Michal Kohout Mixed-Immigration-Status Households in the Context of Arizona’s Anti-Immigrant Policies: Implications for Health Care Disparities / Anna Ochoa O’Leary and Azucena Sanchez; Sentimientos antiinmigrantes en el estado de Georgia / Elaine Levine; “Godzilla con sombrero de charro”: visiones testimoniales y el imaginario anti(in)migrante estadunidense post-11 de septiembre / Claire Joysmith; Constructing Security on the U.S.Mexico Border: An Analysis of the Minutemen Movement / Julie Dufort; “This is America — Speak English.” The English-Only Movement and Anti-Immigrant Sentiments in the United States / Anna Kaganiec-Kamienska; Xenofobia y discriminación en México / Manuel Ángel Castillo y Germán G. Guerra; Anti-Immigrant Sentiment in Canada / Yolande Pottie-Sherman and Rima Wilkes; Economic Opportunity; La situación de los inmigrantes ilegales en Canadá; Unión Europea; The Future of the European Social Policy Model and perceptions of immigration / Xavier Escandell; Migration to Europe in an Age of Terror: What Effect on Public Opinion? / Anthony M. Messina; Anti-Immigrant Politics and the Crisis of Models of Integration in Western Europe: A Critical Perspective / Christophe Bertossi; Anti-Immigrant Sentiments; Similitudes y particularidades del endurecimiento del control fronterizo en España; y Estados Unidos entre 1989 y 2010 / Guillermo Alonso y Michal Weres; Las consignas antiinmigración en los partidos políticos españoles. Los casos de Democracia Nacional y Plataforma per Catalunya / Pablo Nicolás Biderbost Moyan

Impacts of the Recent Economic Crisis (2008-2009) on International Migration

Foreword / Silvia Núñez García; Introduction: A Brief Overview of Some Impacts of The Recent Economic Crisis on International Migration / Mónica Verea and Elaine Levine; The Impact of the 2008-2009 Economic Crisis on Latinos And Latino Immigrants in the U.S. Labor Market / Elaine Levine; Immigration and Policy: New Challenges after The Economic Crisis in Portugal / Maria Lucinda Fonseca and Jennifer McGarrigle; The Impact of the Recession on Migration in the United Kingdom / Jon Simmons; Immigration To and Emigration From Germany in the Last Few Years / Bernd Geiss; Immigrant Employment and Managing Labor Migration in Finland / Paula Kuusipalo; The Economic Crisis and Overseas Filipinos’ Remittances: Learning to Build a Future Back Home / Imelda Nicolas; Europe’s Backlash against Multiculturalism / Jan Rath; The Rise of Anti-immigrant Sentiments in the U.S.: Arizona and Alabam