ACCIÓN INHIBITORIA DE PROBIÓTICOS SOBRE EL CRECIMIENTO AXÉNICO IN VITRO DEEntamoeba histolytica

Entamoeba histolytica es el protozoario parásito cosmopolita causante de la amibiasis y sus múltiples manifestaciones clínicas afectando con mayor frecuencia a los países en vías de desarrollo en donde existe hacinamiento y condiciones sanitarias deficientes e inadecuadas; en México representa un problema de saludpública por su frecuencia, morbilidad, mortalidad y fácil dispersión; para el control de la amibiasis y sus manifestaciones clínicas, se administra metronidazol como droga de elección, sin embargo este fármaco produce efectos secundarios indeseables. Reportes recientes indican que cultivos in vitro de E. histolytica han desarrollado resistencia a este fármaco. En este trabajo evaluamos el efecto de 1, 10, 20 y 100 mg/mL de liofilizados de medios condicionados con probióticos (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei y Lactococcus lactis) sobre el crecimiento axénico in vitro de E. histolytica. Las concentraciones ensayadas mostraron diferencia estadística significativa (ANOVA p=0.05) como inhibidores del crecimiento in vitro de Entamoeba histolytica HM1-IMSS. Estos resultados abren la posibilidad de contar con una alternativa nutricional para la prevención y tratamiento de la amibiasis sin presentar efectos secundarios indeseables.Palabras claves: Entamoeba histolytica, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactococcus lactis, cultivo axénico, probióticos.Entamoeba histolytica, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactococcus lactis, axenic culture, probiotics

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

Correlation of cluster nt average vs microarray.

<p>The correlation of 0.532 suggesting agreement between expression estimations from the microarray and deep sequencing.</p

Length distribution of mappable reads.

<p>Most of the reads that are likely to be miRNAs are of 25 to 26 nucleotides in size accounting for 40% of the total mappable reads.</p

Pie plot of data filtering and database mapping.

<p>Distribution of reads obtained by deep Sequencing of trophozoites from Entamoeba histolytica.</p

Development of a Definition of Postacute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

IMPORTANCE: SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with persistent, relapsing, or new symptoms or other health effects occurring after acute infection, termed postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), also known as long COVID. Characterizing PASC requires analysis of prospectively and uniformly collected data from diverse uninfected and infected individuals. OBJECTIVE: To develop a definition of PASC using self-reported symptoms and describe PASC frequencies across cohorts, vaccination status, and number of infections. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Prospective observational cohort study of adults with and without SARS-CoV-2 infection at 85 enrolling sites (hospitals, health centers, community organizations) located in 33 states plus Washington, DC, and Puerto Rico. Participants who were enrolled in the RECOVER adult cohort before April 10, 2023, completed a symptom survey 6 months or more after acute symptom onset or test date. Selection included population-based, volunteer, and convenience sampling. EXPOSURE: SARS-CoV-2 infection. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: PASC and 44 participant-reported symptoms (with severity thresholds). RESULTS: A total of 9764 participants (89% SARS-CoV-2 infected; 71% female; 16% Hispanic/Latino; 15% non-Hispanic Black; median age, 47 years [IQR, 35-60]) met selection criteria. Adjusted odds ratios were 1.5 or greater (infected vs uninfected participants) for 37 symptoms. Symptoms contributing to PASC score included postexertional malaise, fatigue, brain fog, dizziness, gastrointestinal symptoms, palpitations, changes in sexual desire or capacity, loss of or change in smell or taste, thirst, chronic cough, chest pain, and abnormal movements. Among 2231 participants first infected on or after December 1, 2021, and enrolled within 30 days of infection, 224 (10% [95% CI, 8.8%-11%]) were PASC positive at 6 months. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: A definition of PASC was developed based on symptoms in a prospective cohort study. As a first step to providing a framework for other investigations, iterative refinement that further incorporates other clinical features is needed to support actionable definitions of PASC