17 research outputs found
The use of Raman spectroscopy in the epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus of human- and animal-related clonal lineages
AbstractIn order to perform a cost-effective search and destroy policy for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), a quick and reliable typing method is essential. In an area with a high level of animal-related MRSA ST398, pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing and spa-typing are not sufficient to discriminate between co-incidental findings and true transmission of MRSA. This study is the first to retrospectively show the performance of Raman spectroscopy in 16 well-documented outbreaks. We analysed 525 isolates, 286 MRSA ST398 and 239 from other PFGE clusters with Raman spectroscopy. When epidemiologically linked isolates from the outbreaks were analysed with PFGE as the reference standard, Raman spectroscopy correctly identified 97% of cases that were indistinguishable from the index case. With Raman cluster analysis, the most dominant distinction was between MRSA ST398 and other MRSA of human clonal lineages. Within MRSA ST398, 22 different Raman clusters were identified. Raman typing correctly identified an ST398 (spa type t567) outbreak in a hospital setting. No direct correlation was observed between Raman clusters and spa types. We conclude that Raman spectroscopy is a quick and reliable method of MRSA typing, which can be used in outbreak settings and it is comparable to PFGE, with the added advantage that PFGE non-typeable isolates can also be readily typed using the same sample preparation protocol
Identification of Burkholderia spp. in the clinical microbiology laboratory: comparison of conventional and molecular methods
Cystic fibrosis (CF) predisposes patients to bacterial colonization and
infection of the lower airways. Several species belonging to the genus
Burkholderia are potential CF-related pathogens, but microbiological
identification may be complicated. This situation is not in the least due
to the poorly defined taxonomic status of these bacteria, and further
validation of the available diagnostic assays is required. A total of 114
geographically diverse bacterial isolates, previously identified in
reference laboratories as Burkholderia cepacia (n = 51), B. gladioli (n =
14), Ralstonia pickettii (n = 6), B. multivorans (n = 2), Stenotrophomonas
maltophilia (n = 3), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 11), were collected
from environmental, clinical, and reference sources. In addition, 27
clinical isolates putatively identified as Burkholderia spp. were
recovered from the sputum of Dutch CF patients. All isolates were used to
evaluate the accuracy of two selective growth media, four systems for
biochemical identification (API 20NE, Vitek GNI, Vitek NFC, and
MicroScan), and three different PCR-based assays. The PCR assays amplify
different parts of the ribosomal DNA operon, either alone or in
combination with cleavage by various restriction enzymes (PCR-restriction
fragment length polymorphism [RFLP] analysis). The best system for the
biochemical identification of B. cepacia appeared to be the API 20NE test.
None of the biochemical assays successfully grouped the B. gladioli
strains. The PCR-RFLP method appeared to be the optimal method for
accurate nucleic acid-mediated identification of the different
Burkholderia spp. With this method, B. gladioli was also reliably
classified in a separate group. For the laboratory diagnosis of B.
cepacia, we recommend parallel cultures on blood agar medium and selective
agar plates. Further identification of colonies with a Burkholderia
phenotype should be performed with the API 20NE test. For final
confirmation of species identities, PCR amplification of the small-subunit
rRNA gene followed by RFLP analysis with various enzymes is recommended
Fusidic acid cream in the treatment of impetigo in general practice: double blind randomised placebo controlled trial
OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that fusidic acid would not increase the
treatment effect of disinfecting with povidone-iodine alone in children
with impetigo. DESIGN: Randomised placebo controlled trial. SETTING:
General practices in Greater Rotterdam. PARTICIPANTS: 184 children aged
0-12 years with impetigo. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical cure and
bacterial cure after one week. RESULTS: After one week of treatment 55% of
the patients in the fusidic acid group were clinically cured compared with
13% in the placebo group (odds ratio 12.6, 95% confidence interval 5.0 to
31.5, number needed to treat 2.3). After two weeks and four weeks the
differences in cure rates between the two groups had become smaller. More
children in the placebo group were non-compliant (12 v 5) and received
extra antibiotic treatment (11 v 3), and more children in the placebo
group reported adverse effects (19 v 7). Staphylococcus aureus was found
in 96% of the positive cultures; no strains were resistant to fusidic
acid. CONCLUSIONS: Fusidic acid is much more effective than placebo (when
both are given in combination with povidone-iodine shampoo) in the
treatment of impetigo. Because of the low rate of cure and high rate of
adverse events in the placebo group, the value of povidone-iodine in
impetigo can be questioned
Melioidosis in travelers: An analysis of Dutch melioidosis registry data 1985–2018
Background: Melioidosis, caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei, is an opportunistic infection across the tropics. Here, we provide a systematic overview of imported human cases in a non-endemic country over a 25-year period. Methods: All 5
Nucleic Acid Amplification Test Quantitation as Predictor of Toxin Presence in Clostridium difficile Infection
Molecular basis of bacterial pathogenesis, virulence factors and antibiotic resistanc
Detection of Clostridium difficile in Feces of Asymptomatic Patients Admitted to the Hospital
Molecular basis of bacterial pathogenesis, virulence factors and antibiotic resistanc
First outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST398 in a Dutch hospital, June 2007.
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De Gouw 59
De totale ingrepen in de bodem (fasen 1 en 2) zullen een oppervlakte van ruim 20.000 m2 krijgen. Voor het plangebied geldt een middelhoge tot hoge archeologische verwachting voor vindplaatsen uit de Bronstijd. Gezien het uitgevoerde verkennend booronderzoek dient de archeologische verwachting binnen het plangebied naar beneden te worden bijgesteld. Het plangebied is grotendeels recent omgezet en in de bodemprofielen zijn geen aanwijzingen aangetroffen dat binnen het plangebied in de Bronstijd werd gewoond. 6. Advies Nader archeologisch onderzoek in het kader van de Archeologische Monumentenzorg is niet noodzakelijk. Archeologie West-Friesland adviseert de voorgenomen bouwplannen vrij te geven met betrekking tot het aspect archeologie
Human resources required for antimicrobial stewardship teams: a Dutch consensus report
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