The Concept of "Rural" as a Micro- Collectivity. The Concept of "Rural" in the Italian Sociological Perspective (El Concepto de “Rural” como Micro- Colectividad. El Concepto de “Rural” en la Perspectiva Sociológica Italiana)

The intention of this work is to analyze, in the years of the sociological study (from the period after the Italian unity to the present), the concept of rurality through the contexts of reference on the subjects that have marked a period of "project" and emancipation, and, above all, a marginal growth rate that made the fortunes of Western society at the expense of the other parts of the same society. To achieve this, the themes of the Relation city/field and the concept of community as a field of rational action in the interior of the social Arena (Bourdieu) in which the social individualism is unfolds; Concluding with the historical antecedents – despite the brevity of the Italian scholars, together with the most representative associated institutes from the earliest interests in this field to the most recent studies. Resumen:La intención de esta obra es la de analizar, en los años del estudio sociológico (desde el período posterior a la Unidad italiana hasta la actualidad), el concepto de ruralidad a través de los contextos de referencia sobre los temas que han marcado un período de "proyecto" y emancipación, y, sobre todo,  un índice de crecimiento  de marginalidad que hicieron la fortuna de la sociedad occidental a costa de las demás partes de la misma sociedad. Para lograr esto, se tocan los temas de la relación ciudad/campo y el concepto de comunidad como ámbito de acción racional en el interior de la arena social (Bourdieu) en el que se desenvuelve el individualismo social; concluyendo con los antecedentes históricos – pese a la brevedad descriptiva – de los estudiosos italianos, junto a los institutos asociados más representativos desde los primeros intereses en esta materia hasta los estudios más recientes.Palabra clave: Campo/Ciudad, ámbito urbano-rural, estudios de comunidades, individualismo social

Newscasts as Property: Will Retransmission Consent Stimulate Production of More Local Television News?

The Cable Act of 1992 required, for the first time, that cable systems receive the consent of broadcast stations to retransmit their signals. While the fees that some stations had hoped to extract from the cable systems have generally not materialized, broadcasters may be able to use their expertise in the provision of local news and programming to gain additional cable channel space for this local-interest programming. The Author explores the historical interaction and conflict between cable systems and local broadcasters over retransmission rights. The Author also examines the courts\u27 and FCC\u27s responses to the copyright issues surrounding retransmission. Focusing on the opportunity that the Cable Act of 1992 and technological changes have provided to bring about a flourishing of local interest programming, the Author concludes that it is now time to revisit the question of copyright liability for cable

Labour, pandemic crisis, and PNRR: preliminary issues

The intent of this work is bring to attention, as useful elements for a debate, the possibility of reasoning on the implementations that will come to the country-system from the resources of the PNRR.From a historical, albeit brief, and legislative analysis of active labor policies in Italy, one can try to understand how to stimulate Italian economic growth. To do this, one must examine the structural elements that contribute to making our country fragile in comparison with other European countries, fragility associated with the horizontal and vertical segregation that characterizes the world of work. This is a phenomenon that has worsened further during the pandemic crisis. Hence, employment discontinuity, non-standard contractual forms, differences in male and female employment rates, as well as that set of social, cultural, and psychological barriers all become elements that decline the concept of horizontal and vertical segregation mentioned earlier.This is where the PNRR comes into play, whose intentions include promoting a process of transformation in tune with the great changes in the socio-economic scenario.

Tradition and Modernity: Working Culture in the Western Model and Japanese Model, as an Expression of a Cultural Models. A First Reading

In this short article, I'll leave the application of cultural models (in the West and in Japan), which define and construct a new reality (linguistic, cultural, social, work). Through this first reading will redefine better the cultural aspect of both worlds and you will better understand the similarities and differences between the Western model (even for the synthesis made by Adriano Olivetti) and the Japanese model (which is not only a way of producing, but also is a cultural expression)

The feminine question as social inequality: a historical overview.

In this work, I have used many sources because this theme is very complex and it is very useful to follow tracks already well used by other authors who have ventured with these themes.The Gender report is a report on equality. No company will ever be expected to be right if it does not foresee includesive actions rather than excludents.The social constructions of the same company will have to contend with a reality of reference that embraces all the universes and respects the personal values. Everything, therefore, aimed at the growth of Society as a non-arithmetic group of People who, with their history and their characteristics, increase the collective share capital

Society and territory: prevention and social planning

Prevention and social planning are two terms that bind to the sense of community and identity of a territory, at a time of socio-economic regeneration of the territory itself and resilience to the crises imposed by globalization. The local community is at the center of the processes of renaissance, or at least this is what all decision-makers declare in their planning.  In reality, programming (at all levels, from European to local) needs to confront the demands, values, resources and power (even perceived) of change that belong to the local community, as an expression of relationships and power. The relationship between external/internal agents of change is not only limited to policy makers and stakeholders (both of the different levels of programming and of the different sectors of the same local community), but also to the view that they have of the dichotomies (sometimes stereotyped) such as: health/health, well-being/disease, development/protection, investment/cost, participation/delegation

The Covid-19 and the defeat of conspiracy theories: the renewal of public faith in scientific research

Conspiracy theories integrate, connect and catalogue together what are clearly independent and unrelated events in order to demonstrate correlation and construct impossible, fabricated tales of causation (Bessi, et al., 2015). In a narrative sense, these extremely sophisticated stories are often very intriguing, and their diffusion comes about due to a legitimate desire to enrich the non-scientific literature available.  In other cases, despite the cultural maturity of the Western world, conspiracy theories are promoted as real news, able to upset public opinion and to involve a part of the population in Pindaric flights. Moreover, in many cases the creators of these illogical conspiracies are held as suffragists of so-called ‘free thought’, departing from mainstream theories and opening up the mind of the population to new and elevated levels of comprehension of reality (Melley, 2000) and at the moment, the spread of Covid-19 produces a greater awareness of the societal role of the individual.

Constitutional Law - Right to Trial by Jury in Juvenile Delinquency Proceedings

The Supreme Court of Pennsylvania has held that the right to trial by jury in a juvenile proceeding is not so fundamental as to be constitutionally required. Terry Appeal, 438 Pa. 339, 265 A.2d 350 (1970)