Variabilidad del rendimiento y la calidad de la paja de trigo para la producción de bioenergía en el sudeste bonaerense

La agricultura actual enfrenta el desafío de satisfacer la demanda de alimentos y bioenergía y, a la vez, disminuir su impacto sobre el ambiente. El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar la variabilidad entre cultivares de trigo pan (Triticum aestivum L.) para el rendimiento y la calidad de la paja de trigo para ser utilizada en la producción de energía. Esta caracterización ayudaría a identificar genes y características bioquímicas que optimicen su utilización para la producción de biocombustibles de segunda generación (2G). Se determinaron caracteres agronómicos y parámetros de calidad de muestras de residuos de 36 cultivares de trigo en la Unidad Integrada Balcarce. Se detectó alta variabilidad entre cultivares de trigo, tanto en el rendimiento como en la calidad de la biomasa para su utilización como fuente de biocombustibles 2G. Se identificaron genotipos que combinan alto rendimiento en grano, buena producción de biomasa y atributos de calidad promisorios.Current agriculture faces the challenge of satisfying both food and energy demand while being environmental sustainable. The aim of the current work was to characterize the variability of biomass yield and quality among cultivars of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to be used as bioenergy feedstock. This knowledge will contribute to idenify genes and biochemical features that will promote their utilization as second generation (2G) biofuel feedstock. Agronomical traits and quality paremeters of biomass from 36 cultivars were analyzed at Unidad Integrada Balcarce. Hugh variability both in yield and quality has been detected for its utilization as 2G biofuels feedstock. Genotypes combining high grain yield and biomass production and good quality attributes have been indentified.Fil: Vera, Magdalena. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias AgrariasFil: Lorenzo, Máximo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (Argentina)Fil: Ramírez, Ignacio. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias AgrariasFil: Pontaroli , Ana Clara. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y TécnicasFil: Echarte, María Mercedes. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnica

La autoestima como factor estresor intrapersonal para el consumo de alcohol en trabajadoras sexuales

Introduction. Alcoholism is a worldwide health issue, and female consumers are increasing. Prostitution could be linked to alcohol abuse.Objective. To evaluate the effect of self-esteem as an intrapersonal stress factor on alcohol use in female prostitutes.Material and methods. An approved study by the Research Committee. Cross-sectional, analytical study of prostitutes from Cosoleacaque, Veracruz, Mexico. For alcohol use the AUDIT questionnaire was used and for self-esteem, the Coopersmith inventory.Statistical analysis. The Odds Ratio between low self-esteem and alcohol use, 95% confidence intervals and Attributable Fraction in Exposed were calculated. An attempt was made to generate a logistic regression model.Results. The trial sample was made up by 50 prostitutes. The Odds Ratio between low self- esteem and alcohol use was 5.08 (95% CI 0.59 a 43.95), and an Attributable Fraction in Exposed of 80.3%. The logistic model was not built because no variable of the study demonstrated an improvement in the model using the probability ratio test.Conclusions. According to Betty Neuman’s system model, low self-esteem has a strong effect and impact in the use and abuse of alcoholIntroducción. El alcoholismo es un problema mundial de salud y en las mujeres consumidoras se está incrementando. El sexo servicio podría estar ligado al consumo de alcohol.Objetivo. Medir la relación entre autoestima como factor estresor intrapersonal y el consumo de alcohol en las trabajadoras sexuales.Material y métodos. Estudio aprobado por el Comité de Investigación. Estudio transversal analítico en sexoservidoras en Cosoleacaque, Veracruz. Para consumo de alcohol se utilizó el cuestionario AUDIT y para la autoestima el inventario de Coopersmith.Análisis estadístico. Se calculó Razón de Momios entre autoestima baja y consumo de alcohol, intervalos de confianza al 95% y la Fracción Atribuible en los Expuestos. Se intentó generar un modelo de regresión logística.Resultados. La muestra fueron 50 sexoservidoras. La Razón de Momios entre autoestima baja y consumo de alcohol fue de 5.08, con una Fracción Atribuible en Expuestos de 80.3%. No se construyó el modelo logístico ya que ninguna variable de estudio mostró mejorar el modelo con el Test de Razón de Probabilidad.Conclusiones. De acuerdo con el modelo de los Sistemas de Betty Neuman, la autoestima baja tiene efecto e impacto en el consumo de alcoho

Filosofía y personalismo en un mundo en crisis: tomo 1

164 p.Esta obra se ocupa de serias reflexiones sobre aspectos críticos de la realidad en el mundo actual. ¿Cómo combatir el materialismo y el individualismo hedonista y egocéntrico en un mundo globalizado? ¿Es el diálogo intercultural una posibilidad de abordaje para comprender las distintas situaciones, acontecimientos y hechos con los que se cuestiona y se contrasta la existencia del hombre en el siglo XXI? Sus autores consideran que la poesía, el hecho religioso, la espiritualidad, el cuidado de sí mismo, el pensar filosófico, las formas del arte, el reconocimiento de las emociones y de los sentimientos, la construcción de un proyecto vital en la clave de una cultura de vida que redunde en al acto educativo, conducen a un elevado encuentro con el ser personal.Prólogo. Francisco José Gómez-Ortiz 1. El sentido religioso y la poesía de Giacomo Leopardi en Luigi Giussani. William Fernando Puentes-González, Jaime Édgar Gutiérrez-Orozco 2. El cultivo de la persona a partir del cuidado de sí mismo. Jaime Montero-Anzola 3. La filosofía como orientación en época de crisis: lecturas actuales de Ortega y Marías. Nieves Gómez-Álvarez 4. Persona y mundo en crisis: Las acciones humanas y los horizontes personales desde el personalismo. Édgar Javier Garzón-Pascagaza 5. La persona frente a un mundo en crisis: El arte de frente a la persona y su realidad social. Sandra Ligia Ramírez-Orozco 6. Los sentimientos y su significado: una búsqueda por la esencia de la noción de persona en Charles Taylor. Carlos Rubén Gélvez-Higuera 7. Universidad católica y cultura de la vida. Dalia Jaqueline Santa Cruz-Vera 8. Un personalismo encarnado en el corazón: Aportes de Dietrich von Hildebrand. Víctor Manuel Díaz-Soto 9. La ipseidad des-en-mascarada: exterioridad, alteridad y apertura del otro en Lévinas y Derrida. Julia Urabayen, Jorge León-Casero 10. La expresión literaria como medio de conocimiento antropológico en la filosofía de Karol Wojtyla. Carmen González 11. Proyecto vital o de la felicidad en el pensamiento de Julián Marías. Ana María Araújo-castro Conclusione

Correction : Chaparro et al. Incidence, Clinical Characteristics and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Spain: Large-Scale Epidemiological Study. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 2885

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...]

Incidence, Clinical Characteristics and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Spain : Large-Scale Epidemiological Study

(1) Aims: To assess the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Spain, to describe the main epidemiological and clinical characteristics at diagnosis and the evolution of the disease, and to explore the use of drug treatments. (2) Methods: Prospective, population-based nationwide registry. Adult patients diagnosed with IBD-Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) or IBD unclassified (IBD-U)-during 2017 in Spain were included and were followed-up for 1 year. (3) Results: We identified 3611 incident cases of IBD diagnosed during 2017 in 108 hospitals covering over 22 million inhabitants. The overall incidence (cases/100,000 person-years) was 16 for IBD, 7.5 for CD, 8 for UC, and 0.5 for IBD-U; 53% of patients were male and median age was 43 years (interquartile range = 31-56 years). During a median 12-month follow-up, 34% of patients were treated with systemic steroids, 25% with immunomodulators, 15% with biologics and 5.6% underwent surgery. The percentage of patients under these treatments was significantly higher in CD than UC and IBD-U. Use of systemic steroids and biologics was significantly higher in hospitals with high resources. In total, 28% of patients were hospitalized (35% CD and 22% UC patients, p < 0.01). (4) Conclusion: The incidence of IBD in Spain is rather high and similar to that reported in Northern Europe. IBD patients require substantial therapeutic resources, which are greater in CD and in hospitals with high resources, and much higher than previously reported. One third of patients are hospitalized in the first year after diagnosis and a relevant proportion undergo surgery

Effectiveness of Fosfomycin for the Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Bacteremic Urinary Tract Infections

IMPORTANCE The consumption of broad-spectrum drugs has increased as a consequence of the spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli. Finding alternatives for these infections is critical, for which some neglected drugs may be an option. OBJECTIVE To determine whether fosfomycin is noninferior to ceftriaxone or meropenem in the targeted treatment of bacteremic urinary tract infections (bUTIs) due to MDR E coli. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This multicenter, randomized, pragmatic, open clinical trial was conducted at 22 Spanish hospitals from June 2014 to December 2018. Eligible participants were adult patients with bacteremic urinary tract infections due to MDR E coli; 161 of 1578 screened patients were randomized and followed up for 60 days. Data were analyzed in May 2021. INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized 1 to 1 to receive intravenous fosfomycin disodium at 4 g every 6 hours (70 participants) or a comparator (ceftriaxone or meropenem if resistant; 73 participants) with the option to switch to oral fosfomycin trometamol for the fosfomycin group or an active oral drug or pa renteral ertapenem for the comparator group after 4 days. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was clinical and microbiological cure (CMC) 5 to 7 days after finalization of treatment; a noninferiority margin of 7% was considered. RESULTS Among 143 patients in the modified intention-to-treat population (median [IQR] age, 72 [62-81] years; 73 [51.0%] women), 48 of 70 patients (68.6%) treated with fosfomycin and 57 of 73 patients (78.1%) treated with comparators reached CMC (risk difference, -9.4 percentage points; 1-sided 95% CI, -21.5 to infinity percentage points; P = .10). While clinical or microbiological failure occurred among 10 patients (14.3%) treated with fosfomycin and 14 patients (19.7%) treated with comparators (risk difference, -5.4 percentage points; 1-sided 95% CI. -infinity to 4.9; percentage points; P = .19), an increased rate of adverse event-related discontinuations occurred with fosfomycin vs comparators (6 discontinuations [8.5%] vs 0 discontinuations; P = .006). In an exploratory analysis among a subset of 38 patients who underwent rectal colonization studies, patients treated with fosfomycin acquired a new ceftriaxone-resistant or meropenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria at a decreased rate compared with patients treated with comparators (0 of 21 patients vs 4 of 17 patients [23.5%]; 1-sided P = .01). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study found that fosfomycin did not demonstrate noninferiority to comparators as targeted treatment of bUTI from MDR E coli; this was due to an increased rate of adverse event-related discontinuations. This finding suggests that fosfomycin may be considered for selected patients with these infections

Effectiveness and Safety of the Sequential Use of a Second and Third Anti-TNF Agent in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Results From the Eneida Registry

Background: The effectiveness of the switch to another anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) agent is not known. The aim of this study was to analyze the effectiveness and safety of treatment with a second and third anti-TNF drug after intolerance to or failure of a previous anti-TNF agent in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Methods: We included patients diagnosed with IBD from the ENEIDA registry who received another anti-TNF after intolerance to or failure of a prior anti-TNF agent. Results: A total of 1122 patients were included. In the short term, remission was achieved in 55% of the patients with the second anti-TNF. The incidence of loss of response was 19% per patient-year with the second anti-TNF. Combination therapy (hazard ratio [HR], 2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8-3; P < 0.0001) and ulcerative colitis vs Crohn's disease (HR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.1-2.1; P = 0.005) were associated with a higher probability of loss of response. Fifteen percent of the patients had adverse events, and 10% had to discontinue the second anti-TNF. Of the 71 patients who received a third anti-TNF, 55% achieved remission. The incidence of loss of response was 22% per patient-year with a third anti-TNF. Adverse events occurred in 7 patients (11%), but only 1 stopped the drug. Conclusions: Approximately half of the patients who received a second anti-TNF achieved remission; nevertheless, a significant proportion of them subsequently lost response. Combination therapy and type of IBD were associated with loss of response. Remission was achieved in almost 50% of patients who received a third anti-TNF; nevertheless, a significant proportion of them subsequently lost response

Compromising between European and US allergen immunotherapy schools: Discussions from GUIMIT, the Mexican immunotherapy guidelines

Background: Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) has a longstanding history and still remains the only disease-changing treatment for allergic rhinitis and asthma. Over the years 2 different schools have developed their strategies: the United States (US) and the European. Allergen extracts available in these regions are adapted to local practice. In other parts of the world, extracts from both regions and local ones are commercialized, as in Mexico. Here, local experts developed a national AIT guideline (GUIMIT 2019) searching for compromises between both schools. Methods: Using ADAPTE methodology for transculturizing guidelines and AGREE-II for evaluating guideline quality, GUIMIT selected 3 high-quality Main Reference Guidelines (MRGs): the European Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (EAACI) guideines, the S2k guideline of various German-speaking medical societies (2014), and the US Practice Parameters on Allergen Immunotherapy 2011. We formulated clinical questions and based responses on the fused evidence available in the MRGs, combined with local possibilities, patient's preference, and costs. We came across several issues on which the MRGs disagreed. These are presented here along with arguments of GUIMIT members to resolve them. GUIMIT (for a complete English version, see Supplementary data) concluded the following: Results: Related to the diagnosis of IgE-mediated respiratory allergy, apart from skin prick testing complementary tests (challenges, in vitro testing and molecular such as species-specific allergens) might be useful in selected cases to inform AIT composition. AIT is indicated in allergic rhinitis and suggested in allergic asthma (once controlled) and IgE-mediated atopic dermatitis. Concerning the correct subcutaneous AIT dose for compounding vials according to the US school: dosing tables and formula are given; up to 4 non-related allergens can be mixed, refraining from mixing high with low protease extracts. When using European extracts: the manufacturer's indications should be followed; in multi-allergic patients 2 simultaneous injections can be given (100% consensus); mixing is discouraged. In Mexico only allergoid tablets are available; based on doses used in all sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) publications referenced in MRGs, GUIMIT suggests a probable effective dose related to subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) might be: 50–200% of the monthly SCIT dose given daily, maximum mixing 4 allergens. Also, a table with practical suggestions on non-evidence-existing issues, developed with a simplified Delphi method, is added. Finally, dissemination and implementation of guidelines is briefly discussed, explaining how we used online tools for this in Mexico. Conclusions: Countries where European and American AIT extracts are available should adjust AIT according to which school is followed

Risk Factors for COVID-19 in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A National, ENEIDA-Based Case–Control Study (COVID-19-EII)

(1) Scant information is available concerning the characteristics that may favour the acquisition of COVID-19 in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess these differences between infected and noninfected patients with IBD. (2) This nationwide case-control study evaluated patients with inflammatory bowel disease with COVID-19 (cases) and without COVID-19 (controls) during the period March-July 2020 included in the ENEIDA of GETECCU. (3) A total of 496 cases and 964 controls from 73 Spanish centres were included. No differences were found in the basal characteristics between cases and controls. Cases had higher comorbidity Charlson scores (24% vs. 19%; p = 0.02) and occupational risk (28% vs. 10.5%; p < 0.0001) more frequently than did controls. Lockdown was the only protective measure against COVID-19 (50% vs. 70%; p < 0.0001). No differences were found in the use of systemic steroids, immunosuppressants or biologics between cases and controls. Cases were more often treated with 5-aminosalicylates (42% vs. 34%; p = 0.003). Having a moderate Charlson score (OR: 2.7; 95%CI: 1.3-5.9), occupational risk (OR: 2.9; 95%CI: 1.8-4.4) and the use of 5-aminosalicylates (OR: 1.7; 95%CI: 1.2-2.5) were factors for COVID-19. The strict lockdown was the only protective factor (OR: 0.1; 95%CI: 0.09-0.2). (4) Comorbidities and occupational exposure are the most relevant factors for COVID-19 in patients with IBD. The risk of COVID-19 seems not to be increased by immunosuppressants or biologics, with a potential effect of 5-aminosalicylates, which should be investigated further and interpreted with caution

Narrativas audiovisuales emergentes: creaciones didácticas multimedia realizadas por alumnos para enseñanza y aprendizaje en campus virtuales

Diseño, escritura y realización de contenidos videográficos y multimedia para la enseñanza virtual. El alumnado de Ciencias de la Información analiza, crea y difunde materiales narrativos creados para campus virtuales y cursos online innovadores