Responsabilidade nas Políticas de Controle do Tabagismo

A Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) propôs como tema para o Dia Mundial sem Tabaco 2023 “Cultive alimentos, não tabaco”. Esse era assunto inimaginável na década de 1980, quando os esforços para controlar o uso do tabaco começaram no Brasil, um país em desenvolvimento, grande produtor e exportador de tabaco. Além disso, o tabagismo era considerado um hábito de escolha pessoal com marketing ilimitado e alta aceitação social. Em todos os níveis e em todas as instâncias, é muito relevante desenvolver políticas para impedir que essa indústria use suas estratégias habituais para se contrapor à saúde pública. Este é o caso da Revista Brasileira de Cancerologia (RBC), a primeira revista científica brasileira a desenvolver claramente uma política de não aceitação de contribuições feitas pela indústria do tabaco: “A RBC, dedicada às ações de controle do câncer, não irá considerar para publicação manuscritos que tenham qualquer forma de apoio proveniente da indústria do tabaco, uma vez que seus produtos não têm interesses relativos à saúde da população”. Ela também instituiu uma política de declaração de conflito de interesses por parte dos autores notando que: “Manuscritos escritos em nome da indústria do tabaco, ou com seu apoio, serão rejeitados pelo editor. Aqueles com fomento da indústria alimentícia e/ou farmacêutica deverão declará-lo devidamente como fonte de financiamento”. Esse exemplo segue a linha desenvolvida por conselhos editoriais de várias revistas internacionais e poderá ser adotado pelos grandes títulos brasileiros

How smokers may react to cigarette taxes and price increases in Brazil: data from a national survey

Background: Despite being the third largest tobacco producer in the world, Brazil has developed a comprehensive tobacco control policy that includes a broad restriction on both advertising and smoking in indoor public places, compulsory pictorial warning labels, and a menthol cigarette ban. However, tax and pricing policies have been developed slowly and only very recently were stronger measures implemented. This study investigated the expected responses of smokers to hypothetical price increases in Brazil.Methods: We analyzed smokers' responses to hypothetical future price increases according to sociodemographic characteristics and smoking conditions in a multistage sample of Brazilian current cigarette smokers aged >= 14 years (n = 500). Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between possible responses and different predictors.Results: in most subgroups investigated, smokers most frequently said they would react to a hypothetical price increase by taking up alternatives that might have a positive impact on health, i.e., they would try to stop smoking (52.3%) or smoke fewer cigarettes (46.8%). However, a considerable percentage responded that they would use alternatives that would reduce the effect of price increases, such as the same brand with lower cost (48.1%). After controlling for sex age group (14-19, 20-39, 40-59, and >= 60 years), schooling level (>= 9 versus 20 versus <= 20), and stage of change for smoking cessation (precontemplation, contemplation, and preparation), lower levels of dependence were positively associated with the response I would try to stop smoking (odds ratio [OR], 2.19). Young age was associated with I would decrease the number of cigarettes (OR, 3.44). A low schooling level was strongly associated with all responses.Conclusions: Taxes and prices increases have great potential to stimulate cessation or reduction of cigarette consumption further among two important vulnerable populations of smokers in Brazil: young smokers and those of low educational level. the results from the present study also suggest that seeking illegal products may reduce the impact of increased taxes, but does not eliminate it.National Anti-Drug Secretariat (SENAD)Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Psychiat, Natl Inst Alcohol & Drug Policies INPAD, São Paulo, BrazilOswaldo Cruz Fdn Fiocruz, Natl Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Studies Tobacco & Hlth, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilUT Southwestern Sch Hlth Profess, Dallas, TX USAUT Sch Publ Hlth, Dallas, TX USAUniv Nottingham, Div Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, UK Ctr Tobacco Control Studies, Nottingham NG7 2RD, EnglandUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Psychiat, Natl Inst Alcohol & Drug Policies INPAD, São Paulo, BrazilNational Anti-Drug Secretariat (SENAD): 017/2003Web of Scienc

The Economics of Tobacco and Tobacco Control

This monograph, a joint effort of the U.S. National Cancer Institute and World Health Organization, examines economic issues in tobacco and tobacco control, including the supply and demand of tobacco products. This first chapter frames the issues addressed in the monograph and describes its organization around key topic areas. Each monograph chapter focuses on the global evidence on these issues, particularly the evidence from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The closing sections of this chapter present chapter conclusions and major overall conclusions generated by the work presented here. Experts in economics, tobacco control, public policy, public health, and other related fields from every region in the world, including high-income countries and LMICs, were assembled to provide the research and analyses presented within these pages. It is hoped that this monograph will help inform the implementation of global tobacco control efforts in the 21st century.Additional co-authors: Dongbo Fu, C.K. Gajalakshmi, Vendhan Gajalakshmi, Mark Goodchild, Emmanuel Guindon, Prakash Gupta, Reviva Hasson, Luminita S Hayes, Sara Hitchman, Kinh Hoang-Van, Jidong Huang, Andrew Hyland, Nathan Jones, John Keyser, Pierre Kopp, Harry Lando, David Levy, James Lightwood, Christine Logel, Benn McGrady, Yumiko Mochizuki-Kobayashi, Mario Monsour, Nigar Nargis, Richard J. O’Connor, Maizurah Omar, Zeynep Önder, William Onzivu, Anne-Marie Perucic, Armando Peruga, Vinayak M. Prasad, Martin Raw, Cecily S. Ray, Lyn Reed, Bung-on Ritthiphakdee, Hana Ross, Jennifer Ruger, Henry Saffer, Genevieve Sansone, Natalie Sansone, Fatwa Sari Tetra Dewi, Kerstin Schotte, Omar Shafey, Yoon-Jeong Shin, Giorgio Sincovich, John Tauras, Mark Travers, Édouard Tursan d’Espaignet, Marco Vargas, Mandeep K. Virk-Baker, Corné van Walbeek, Charles W. Warren, Marzenna Anna Weresa, Xin Xu, Eduard Zaloshnja, Lei Zhang, Ping Zhan

Câncer e meio ambiente. Tabaco - agrotóxicos - radiações – dieta. Um documento para a Conferência Mundial de Ecologia

Trabalho elaborado como parte de um documento global sobre Saúde e Meio Ambiente da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz