Efisiensi Pemberian Air dan Kompos terhadap Mineralisasi NPK pada Tanah Regosol

Tanah yang baik memiliki kandungan hara yang cukup bagi tanaman. Beberapa unsur hara yang terpenting dalam tanah antara lain ialah nitrogen, fosfor dan kalium. Tetapi tanah regosol tidak dapat menyediakan unsur hara dan air dengan cukup. Tujuan dari penelitian ini antara lain: 1) membandingkan volume air yang diberikan dengan frekwensi 1, 2 atau 3 hari sekali untuk ketersediaan hara NPK pada tanah regosol; 2) menetapkan banyaknya unsur hara NPK tersedia setelah 30 hari inkubasi dengan pemberian dosis kompos yang berbeda; dan 3) mengetahui interaksi antara frekwensi pemberian air dan dekomposisi bahan organik dalam menyediakan hara NPK pada tanah regosol. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan pola faktorial 3 × 3 dengan 3 ulangan sehingga terdapat 27 satuan percobaan. Analisis data dari variabel yang diamati menggunakan analisis ragam dengan program SAS ver 9.0 dan jika terdapat pengaruh perlakuan yang nyata dilanjutkan dengan uji beda antar perlakuan menggunakan BNT (5%). Kompos yang diaplikasi ke tanah sudah matang, hal ini ditandai dengan nilai C/N yang rendah yaitu 14,3 dan sesuai dengan standar nilai SNI yaitu 10-20. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian air dan bahan organik secara mandiri memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap kadar N, P, dan K dalam tanah. Sedangkan, interaksi antara kedua perlakuan air dan bahan organik tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap kadar N, P, dan K dalam tanah. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini, dengan pemberian air 3 hari sekali dan perlakuan bahan organik 300g/pot (B2) adalah dosis yang lebih baik untuk mendapat nilai Ntotal, Ptersedia dan Kdd tertinggi yaitu N total (0,53%), P tersedia (17,50 mg/kg), dan K dd (2,03 me/100g). Kata kunci: frekwensi pemberian air, kompos, regoso

Small scale analysis of population structure in the woody cornelian cherry Cornus mas L. (Cornaceae) by AFLP accentuates the need for a population based conservation strategy

We investigated population differentiation among and within three populations (two natural, one artificial) of the cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L., Cornaceae) to examine the extent of gene flow from planted cornelian cherries commonly used in planting vegetations of public parks or streets into natural stands. Additionall we assessed if natural populations show any intrapopulational and/or interpopulational differentiation pointing towards restricted gene flow with possible necessity for a population based conservation strategy rather than a taxon based strategy. Results clearly indicated within and between population structure a radius of isolation by distance for pollen and seed dispersal of about 5.0 km. Interestingly genetic distance did not support coherence of the two natural populations but mirrored the historical origin of the innertown population from diverse natural sources reflecting the traditional use and selection of edible varieties from nature. The Nem value of 1.25 implicates the prevention of population differentation. However the low level of genetic diversity and distance at all might mislead the interpretation and the degree of distance reflects more ancient similarities than actual geneflow. Given this observable isolation by distance, conservation biology of Cornus mas requires a population based strategy rather than a broad taxon based strategy

Copernicus App Lab:A Platform for Easy Data Access Connecting the Scientific Earth Observation Community with Mobile Developers

Copernicus App Lab is a two year project (November 2016 to October 2018) funded by the European Commission under the H2020 program. The consortium consists of AZO (project coordinator), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Terradue, RAMANI and VITO. The main objective of Copernicus App Lab is to make Earth observation data produced by the Copernicus program of the European Union available on the Web as linked data to aid their use by mobile developers

On the validity of perturbative studies of the electroweak phase transition in the Two Higgs Doublet model

Making use of a dimensionally-reduced effective theory at high temperature, we perform a nonperturbative study of the electroweak phase transition in the Two Higgs Doublet model. We focus on two phenomenologically allowed points in the parameter space, carrying out dynamical lattice simulations to determine the equilibrium properties of the transition. We discuss the shortcomings of conventional perturbative approaches based on the resummed effective potential — regarding the insufficient handling of infrared resummation but also the need to account for corrections beyond 1-loop order in the presence of large scalar couplings — and demonstrate that greater accuracy can be achieved with perturbative methods within the effective theory. We find that in the presence of very large scalar couplings, strong phase transitions cannot be reliably studied with any of the methods.Peer reviewe

High-Level fermentative production of Lactic acid from bread waste under Non-sterile conditions with a circular biorefining approach and zero waste discharge

Bread waste (BW) is a severe solid waste management problem in Europe. The current study demonstrates an environment-friendly solution by valorising BW into lactic acid (LA) and the corresponding solid residues generated during hydrolysis and fermentation to biogas. To this end, BW was saccharified through acidic and enzymatic hydrolysis, and the hydrolysate obtained was used for LA fermentation under non-sterile conditions using thermophilic Bacillus coagulans DSM1. Maximum glucose concentration achieved during acid hydrolysis with 2% (v/v) acid loading and 20% (w/v) solid loading was 67.9 g/L glucose, with a yield of 0.34 g/g BW. The LA accumulated with concentrated BW acid hydrolysate was 102.4 g/L with yield and productivity of 0.75 g/g and 1.42 g/L. h, respectively. For enzymatic hydrolysis, three commercial amylase preparations (Amyloglucosidase, Spirizyme, Dextrozyme) were employed. The highest glucose release (98.6 g/L) and yield (0.49 g glucose/g BW) was attained with Dextrozyme from Novozymes. The fed-batch fermentation by B. coagulans was conducted, using commercial glucose and glucose-rich BW hydrolysate from Dextrozyme. The LA titer, yield and productivity obtained with pure glucose were 222.7 g/L, 0.92 g/g and 1.86 g/L.h, respectively, whereas BW hydrolysate (BWH) resulted in 155.4 g/L LA, with a conversion yield and productivity of 0.85 g/g glucose and 1.30 g/L. h, respectively. Further to the LA biosynthesis, the solid residues generated during hydrolysis and fermentation were subjected to biogas generation, resulting in 553 mL CH4/g volatile solids under batch mode. This massive LA titer amassed under non-sterile conditions and integrated biogas production using fermented residues demonstrates a high potential for an integrated biorefinery based on BW

The Experiences of Students in the Modular and Online Learning: A Phenomenological Study

This study aimed to determine the specific experiences of university students in terms of cognitive, social, emotional, and adversity skills in an online or modular mode of learning. The study utilized a phenomenology research design, and a semi-structured interview was conducted. Participants in the study were composed of students enrolled in online and modular learning who were asked to share their experiences elaborately. The analysis revealed that despite the differences in the learning modalities, the students similarly experienced the same significant adjustments and academic challenges. These experiences include the lack or limited access to information, concerns about the accessibility of the learning opportunities, lack of economic resources, time management concerns, communication with professors and classmates, and self-motivation and coping mechanisms. As an intended outcome, a feasible distance learning blueprint composed of possible courses of action that can be taken to achieve a more effective and feasible distance learning setup is made

Abelian symmetries in multi-Higgs-doublet models

N-Higgs doublet models (NHDM) are a popular framework to construct electroweak symmetry breaking mechanisms beyond the Standard model. Usually, one builds an NHDM scalar sector which is invariant under a certain symmetry group. Although several such groups have been used, no general analysis of symmetries possible in the NHDM scalar sector exists. Here, we make the first step towards this goal by classifying the elementary building blocks, namely the abelian symmetry groups, with a special emphasis on finite groups. We describe a strategy that identifies all abelian groups which are realizable as symmetry groups of the NHDM Higgs potential. We consider both the groups of Higgs-family transformations only and the groups which also contain generalized CP transformations. We illustrate this strategy with the examples of 3HDM and 4HDM and prove several statements for arbitrary N.Comment: 33 pages, 2 figures; v2: conjecture 3 is proved and becomes theorem 3, more explanations of the main strategy are added, matches the published versio

Tuning the dimensionality of organometallic-organic hybrid polymers assembled from [Cp₂Mo₂(CO)₄(η²-P₂)], rigid bipyridyl linkers and Ag ions

The reactions of the P₂ ligand complex [Cp₂Mo₂(CO)₄(η²-P₂)] (Cp = C₅H₅, 1) with Ag[Al{OC(CF₃)₃}₄] (Ag[TEF]) in the presence of the rigid bipyridyl linkers 1,2-di(pyridin-4-yl)ethyne (3), 4,4′-bis(pyridin-4-ylethynyl)-1,1′-biphenyl (4) and 4,4′-bipyridine (5) possessing various lengths are studied. The reaction with the longer linkers (3 and 4) leads to the formation of the 1D organometallic–organic hybrid polymers [{Cp₂Mo₂(CO)₄(μ₄,η¹˸¹˸²˸²-P₂)}₂{Cp₂Mo₂(CO)₄(μ₃,η¹˸²˸²-P₂)}₂(μ,η¹˸¹-C₁₂H₈N₂)Ag₂]n[TEF]₂n (6) and [{Cp₂Mo₂(CO)₄(μ₄,η¹˸¹˸²˸²-P₂)}₂{Cp₂Mo₂(CO)₄(μ₃,η¹˸²˸²-P₂)}₂(μ,η¹˸¹-C₂₆H₁₆N₂)Ag₂]n[TEF]₂n (7) in high selectivity. A similar reaction with the short linker 5 affords a mixture of the 2D hybrid polymers [{Cp₂Mo₂(CO)₄(μ₄,η¹˸²˸²˸²-P₂)}₂(μ,η¹˸¹-C₁₃H₁₄N₂)Ag₂]n[TEF]₂n (8) and the 3D hybrid network [{Cp₂Mo₂(CO)₄(μ₄,η¹˸¹˸²:²-P₂)}₂(μ,η¹˸¹-C10H8N₂)Ag]n[TEF]₂n (9). However, a selective synthesis of 8 or 9 is possible when the reaction is performed at 0 °C and 60 °C, respectively