Sorting pixels based face recognition using discrete wavelet transform and statistical features

Face recognition is used to identity a person effectively and most effective physiological biometric trait. In this paper, we propose sorting pixels-based face recognition using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and statistical features. The novel concept of sorting pixel values in ascending order is introduced and segmented into two parts viz., Low Pixel Values (LPV) and High Pixel Values (HPV). The DWT is applied on LPV matrix to generate low and high frequency bands such as LL, LH, HL and HH. The low frequency LL band is considered for features as the coefficient values are enhanced compared to original image pixel values and also reduction in dimensionality. The statistical measure is applied on HPV to compute mean, median, mode, maximum and standard deviation features. The features of LL band and statistical features are concatenated to obtain final features. The Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is

Quantitative profile Analysis of Mulberry Silkworm Bombyx mori. L (CSR 2 XCSR 4 )

ABSTRACT Bombyx mori. L. (CSR 2 XCSR 4 ) is a bivolitne crossbreed that produces high quantity of silk. The weights of worms and glands are directly related to the yield of silk, higher larval weights leads to higher silk production. In the present study, quantitative parameters of 5 th instar and pupal stages of silkworm larvae were observed. The analysis of quantitative estimation showed that the maximum weights and lengths of silk gland and silk worm were recorded on 7 th day of 5 th instar larval stage. The day dependent variation in protein concentration was observed in total silk gland 5 th instar larval and pupal stages

Una nueva especie de Parasopubia (Orobanchaceae) del sur de las Ghats occidentales, India

Parasopubia raghavendrae, a new species of Orobanchaceae is described from the southern Western Ghats of Kerala. It resembles P. delphinifolia and P. hofmannii var. hofmannii by its habit, shape, colour and hairiness of corolla lobes but differs by length of calyx tube, hairiness of staminal filaments and stomium, and shape and ornamentation of seeds. Parasopubia raghavendrae is hitherto known only from the type locality Mathikettan Shola National Park in Idukki district, Kerala. Detailed description of the new species along with colour photographs and comparison with its closely similar species are given. We also assessed provisionally the conservation status of the new species as Critically Endangered (CR) according to IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.Parasopubia raghavendrae, una nueva especie de Orobanchaceae se describe para el sur del Ghats occidental de Kerala. Se asemeja a P. delphinifolia y P. hofmannii var. hofmannii por su hábito, forma, color e indumento de los lóbulos de la corola, y difiere de ellas por la longitud del tubo del cáliz, indumento del filamento estaminal y del estomio, y la forma y ornamentación de las semillas. Hasta ahora, P. raghavendrae solo se conoce para la localidad tipo del Parque Nacional de Mathikettan Shola, en el distrito de Idukki, Kerala. Se proporciona la descripción detallada de la nueva especie junto con fotografías en color y una comparativa con las especies más similares. Así mismo, se evalúa provisionalmente el estado de conservación de la nueva especie con la categoría en Peligro Crítico (CR) de acuerdo a los Criterios de la Lista Roja de la UICN

Medicinal Plants as Therapeutic Alternatives to Combat Mycobacterium tuberculosis : A Comprehensive Review

Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and a significant health concern worldwide. The main threat to the elimination of TB is the development of resistance by MTB to the currently used antibiotics and more extended treatment methods, which is a massive burden on the health care system. As a result, there is an urgent need to identify new, effective therapeutic strategies with fewer adverse effects. The traditional medicines found in South Asia and Africa have a reservoir of medicinal plants and plant-based compounds that are considered another reliable option for human beings to treat various diseases. Abundant research is available for the biotherapeutic potential of naturally occurring compounds in various diseases but has been lagging in the area of TB. Plant-based compounds, or phytoproducts, are being investigated as potential anti-mycobacterial agents by reducing bacterial burden or modulating the immune system, thereby minimizing adverse effects. The efficacy of these phytochemicals has been evaluated through drug delivery using nanoformulations. This review aims to emphasize the value of anti-TB compounds derived from plants and provide a summary of current research on phytochemicals with potential anti-mycobacterial activity against MTB. This article aims to inform readers about the numerous potential herbal treatment options available for combatting TB.publishedVersionPeer reviewe

Face Recognition Based on Windowing Technique Using DCT, Average Covariance and Artificial Neural Network

The field of Face Recognition (FR) is still a thought-provoking problem, while in recent advances of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) has shown improved performance in FR rate. In this paper, we propose face recognition based on windowing technique using Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), average covariance and ANN. The novel concept of windowing technique is used to divide each image to 4x4,8X8 and 16X16 size of windows. The DCT is applied on each window to obtain DCT co-efficients. The covariance matrix is computed on each DCT coefficient matrix and average value of each block is also computed to obtain final feature value. The computation of an average covariance reduces the original size of face image by around 97% i.e., the number of co-efficients in the final feature set is only around 3% of the original size of an image. The proposed method is very efficient in identifying with very less

Footprint of the COVID-19 Pandemic in India: A Study of Immune Landscape and Other Factors Shielding Mortality

The impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has significantly affected global health and created a world crisis. The exponentially increasing numbers of infection and mortality have made preventive measures challenging. India being a highly populated nation has so far effectively counteracted the pandemic outbreak with a significantly lower rate of mortality despite the high infection rates. The genetic architecture of the immune response genes in the Indian population, BCG vaccination, the predominantly young age group of people, and their traditional food habits might contribute to the lower rate of mortality. Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) play a vital role in triggering T cells, and natural killer (NK) cells can immediately react to eliminate infected cells. Activation of virus-specific CD4+ T cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells selectively targets the infected cells and strengthens the immunoregulatory system. The checkpoint for NK cell function is the engagement of killer Ig-like receptors (KIR) molecules with their respective HLA ligands overexpressed or expressed on the compromised virus-infected cells which have shown polymorphism among different ethnic groups. Here, we explore if certain KIR-HLA motifs grant Indians a survival advantage in terms of the low rate of mortality. Additionally, enhanced immunity through BCG vaccination may favor fruitful eradication of SARS-CoV-2 and provide the way out as in therapeutic intervention and vaccination strategies

The DIAGNOSTIC ROLE OF GALECTIN-3 EXPRESSION IN BENIGN FOLLICULAR PATTERNED THYROID LESIONS, NON-INVASIVE FOLLICULAR THYROID NEOPLASM WITH PAPILLARY-LIKE NUCLEAR FEATURES (NIFTP) AND INFILTRATIVE FOLLICULAR VARIANT PAPILLARY THYROID CARCINOMA (IFVPTC)

Background: NIFTP (Non-invasive Follicular Thyroid neoplasm with Papillary-like nuclear features), considered an indolent tumor must be distinguished from the malignant infiltrative Follicular variant Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (IFVPTC). Molecular biomarkers could provide useful insights into the surgical management of thyroid nodules. Aim of the study: To determine the role of Galectin-3 expression in distinguishing Benign follicular patterned thyroid lesions, NIFTP and IFVPTC. Materials and Methods: A total of 85 cases were included in the study after the histopathological evaluations based on strictly defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Study groups were created as nodular hyperplasia, Follicular adenoma, Follicular carcinoma, NIFTP, invasive EFVPTCs, and classical Papillary thyroid carcinomas. Cytoplasmic Galectin-3 IHC expression was evaluated in these cases. Galectin-3 IHC scores data were analyzed using IBM SPSS statistics. The chi-square test is used to determine the association between the variables. p<0.05 is considered statistically significant. Results: Cytoplasmic galectin-3 IHC expression was significantly increased in malignant follicular patterned thyroid lesions compared to benign lesions with p-value <0.00001. Similarly, cytoplasmic galectin-3 IHC expression was significantly increased in IFVPTC when compared to NIFTP with a p-value of 0.01358. The Odds Ratio showed the positive cytoplasmic Galectin-3 expression in IFVPTC with a 7.5 times higher risk of having adverse outcomes when compared to NIFTP. Conclusion: Cytoplasmic Galectin-3 IHC expression may serve as a useful biomarker in predicting the invasiveness of  FVPTC and distinguishing NIFTP from infiltrative FVPTC. Keywords: Galectin-3, immunohistochemistry, Non-invasive Follicular Thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features, Follicular variant Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Transition metal oxide loaded MCM catalysts for photocatalytic degradation of dyes

Transition metal oxide (TiO2, Pe(2)O(3), CoO) loaded MCM-41 and MCM-48 were synthesized by a two-step surfactant-based process. Nanoporous, high surface area compounds were obtained after calcination of the compounds. The catalysts were characterized by SEM, XRD, XPS, UV-vis and BET surface area analysis. The catalysts showed high activity for the photocatalytic degradation of both anionic and cationic dyes. The degradation of the dyes was described using Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics and the associated rate parameters were determined

Transition metal oxide loaded MCM catalysts for photocatalytic degradation of dyes

Transition metal oxide (TiO2, Pe(2)O(3), CoO) loaded MCM-41 and MCM-48 were synthesized by a two-step surfactant-based process. Nanoporous, high surface area compounds were obtained after calcination of the compounds. The catalysts were characterized by SEM, XRD, XPS, UV-vis and BET surface area analysis. The catalysts showed high activity for the photocatalytic degradation of both anionic and cationic dyes. The degradation of the dyes was described using Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics and the associated rate parameters were determined