SEROPREVALENCE OF BRUCELLA SP. IN CATTLE OF TARMA DISTRICT, JUNÍN-PERU

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la presencia de Brucella sp. en bovinos del distrito de Tarma-Junín, mediante la detección de anticuerpos en suero a través de la prueba de Rosa de Bengala. Se procesaron 344 muestras de suero y no se encontraron animales serorreactores a Brucella sp., lo cual sugiere la ausencia de la bacteria o una prevalencia menor al 1% en la población estudiada. Estos resultados demandan un plan estricto de vigilancia epidemiológica y la implementación de un programa de control y erradicación de brucelosis bovina en el distrito de Tarma con el fin de mantener al área “libre” de la enfermedad.The objective of this study was to determine the presence of Brucella sp. in cattle of the district of Tarma, Junin-Peru. Blood samples of 344 cows were collected for detection of antibodies against Brucella sp. by Rose Bengal Plate test. None of the samples tested resulted positive to antibodies against Brucella sp. The results suggest the absence of the bacteria or that the prevalence is less than 1% in the evaluated population. The results might be used for the Peruvian National Service of Animal Health to establish an epidemiological surveillance programme for maintaining the area “free” of the disease

Barriers to ecological restoration in Europe: expert perspectives

Ecological restoration is key to counteracting anthropogenic degradation of biodiversity and to reducing disaster risk. However, there is limited knowledge of barriers hindering the wider implementation of restoration practices, despite high-level political priority to halt the loss of biodiversity. In Europe, progress on ecological restoration has been slow and insufficient to meet international agreements and comply with European Union Nature Directives. We assessed European restoration experts' perceptions on barriers to restoration in Europe, and their relative importance, through a multiple expert consultation using a Delphi process. We found that experts share a common multi-dimensional concept of ecological restoration. Experts identified a large number of barriers (33) to the advancement of ecological restoration in Europe. Major barriers pertained to the socio-economic, not the environmental, domain. The three most important being insufficient funding, conflicting interests among different stakeholders, and low political priority given to restoration. Our results emphasize the need to increase political commitment at all levels, comply with existing nature laws, and optimize the use of financial resources by increasing funds for ecological restoration and eradicate environmentally harmful subsidies. The experts also call for the integration of ecological restoration into land-use planning and facilitating stakeholders' collaboration. Our study identifies key barriers, discusses ways to overcome the main barriers to ER in Europe, and contributes knowledge to support the implementation of the European Biodiversity Strategy for 2030, and the EU 2030 Restoration Plan in particular. © 2021 The Authors. Restoration Ecology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of Society for Ecological Restoration.We are particularly thankful to experts participating in the Delphi process for their generosity in sharing their time and knowledge, and the European Chapter of the Society for Ecological Restoration (SERE), Réseau d'Échanges et de Valorisation en Écologie de la Restauration (REVER), Finnish Board on Ecological Restoration (FBER), Working Group on Ecological Restoration of the Spanish Association for Terrestrial Ecology (ER-AEET), Dutch Knowledge Network for Restoration and Management of Nature (OBN), German Restoration Network (GRN), UK Chartered Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management (CIEEM), Portuguese Network of Ecological Restoration (RPRE), Iberian Center for River Restoration (CIREF), and European Federation of Soil Bioengineering (EFIB) for suggesting candidates to the consulting process. We appreciate the support given by BiodivERsA (project funded under the EU Horizon 2020 ERA-NET COFUND scheme), and the EKLIPSE project (European Union Horizon 2020 grant agreement 690474), and particularly by Juliette C. Young. JCS research is financially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Education and Universities and European Regional Development Funds (FEDER; project COSTERA, RTI2018-095954-B-I00). PMRG research is funded by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) through FCT Investigator Program grant number IF/00059/2015, and Centro de Estudos Florestais is supported by FCT grants UID/AGR/00239/2019 and UIDB/00239/2020

Report on the Second Workshop on Supporting Complex Search Tasks

There is broad consensus in the field of IR that search is complex in many use cases and applications, both on the Web and in domain-specific collections, and both in our professional and in our daily life. Yet our understanding of complex search tasks, in comparison to simple look up tasks, is fragmented at best. The workshop addressed many open research questions: What are the obvious use cases and applications of complex search? What are essential features of work tasks and search tasks to take into account? And how do these evolve over time? With a multitude of information, varying from introductory to specialized, and from authoritative to speculative or opinionated, when should which sources of information be shown? How does the information seeking process evolve and what are relevant differences between different stages? With complex task and search process management, blending searching, browsing, and recommendations, and supporting exploratory search to sensemaking and analytics, UI and UX design pose an overconstrained challenge. How do we know that our approach is any good? Supporting complex search tasks requires new collaborations across the whole field of IR, and the proposed workshop brought together a diverse group of researchers to work together on one of the greatest challenges of our field. The workshop featured three main elements. First, two keynotes, one on the complexity of meaningful interactive IR evaluation by Mark Hall and one on the types of search complexity encountered in real-world applications by Jussi Karlgren. Second, a lively boaster and poster session in which seven contributed papers were presented. Third, three breakout groups discussed concrete ideas on: (1) search context and tasks, (2) search process, and (3) evaluation of complex search tasks. There was an general feeling that the discussion made progress, and built new connections between related strands of research in IR

Barriers to ecological restoration in Europe: expert perspectives

Ecological restoration is key to counteracting anthropogenic degradation of biodiversity and to reducing disaster risk. However, there is limited knowledge of barriers hindering the wider implementation of restoration practices, despite high‐level political priority to halt the loss of biodiversity. In Europe, progress on ecological restoration has been slow and insufficient to meet international agreements and comply with European Union Nature Directives. We assessed European restoration experts' perceptions on barriers to restoration in Europe, and their relative importance, through a multiple expert consultation using a Delphi process. We found that experts share a common multi‐dimensional concept of ecological restoration. Experts identified a large number of barriers (33) to the advancement of ecological restoration in Europe. Major barriers pertained to the socio‐economic, not the environmental, domain. The three most important being insufficient funding, conflicting interests among different stakeholders, and low political priority given to restoration. Our results emphasize the need to increase political commitment at all levels, comply with existing nature laws, and optimize the use of financial resources by increasing funds for ecological restoration and eradicate environmentally harmful subsidies. The experts also call for the integration of ecological restoration into land‐use planning and facilitating stakeholders' collaboration. Our study identifies key barriers, discusses ways to overcome the main barriers to ER in Europe, and contributes knowledge to support the implementation of the European Biodiversity Strategy for 2030, and the EU 2030 Restoration Plan in particular

SIMULACION DEL FUNCIONAMIENTO DE UN SISTEMA DE SEPARACION L-V(G) MULTICOMPONENTE EN MULTIETAPAS

In this paper the simulation of separation systems LV ( G) for simple multistage multicomponent absorbers and absorbers with reboiler , where mixtures are considered ideal behavior and distillation processes is studied which mixtures can be considered ideal or not with behavior ideal. The simulation of such separation process is performed using the Newton -Raphson method numerical 2N . For non-ideal mixtures the activity coefficient is used in the liquid phase , which is evaluated from thermodynamic models : Wilson, NRTL , UNIQUAC and UNIFAC . In this paper the mathematical model and simulation program developed for the separation of these processes is described. A variety of examples have been used to test the functionality of the program. The results produced by the program are compared with those for the CHEMCAD III. It has also conducted sensitivity analysis for the initial temperature profile and the constant relating to the increase of the independent variables in order to see its influence on the rate of convergence of the solution. In distillation columns which are considered non-ideal behavior are analyzed initial sensitivity profile and composition of binary interaction parameters . Finally , we have studied the influence of operating variables on the quality of the product .En el presente trabajo se estudia la simulación de sistemas de separación L-V(G) multicomponente en multietapas para absorbedores simples y absorbedores con rehervidor, donde se consideran las mezclas con comportamiento ideal y los procesos de destilación cuyas mezclas pueden ser considerados con comportamiento ideal o no ideal. La simulación de dichos procesos de separación se realiza empleando el método numérico Newton-Raphson 2N. Para mezclas no ideales se utiliza el coeficiente de actividad en la fase liquida, el cual es evaluado a partir de los modelos termodinámicos: Wilson , NRTL, UNIQUAC y UNIFAC. En este trabajo se describe el modelo matemático y el programa elaborado para la simulación de dichos procesos de separación. Una variedad de ejemplos han sido utilizados para probar la funcionalidad del programa. Los resultados obtenidos mediante el programa elaborado son comparados con los correspondientes al CHEMCAD III. Además, se ha llevado a cabo el análisis de sensibilidad para el perfil inicial de temperatura y las constantes referidas al incremento de las variables independientes con el propósito de ver su influencia en la velocidad de convergencia de la solución. En columnas de destilación donde se consideran comportamiento no ideal, son analizados la sensibilidad del perfil inicial de composición y los parámetros de interacción binario. Finalmente, se ha estudiado la influencia de las variables de operación en la calidad del producto obtenido

Synthesis of Silyloxy Dienes by Silylene Transfer to Divinyl Ketones: Application to the Asymmetric Synthesis of Substituted Cyclohexanes

Silver-catalyzed silylene transfer to divinyl ketones provided 2-silyloxy-1,3-dienes with control of stereochemistry and regioselectivity. The products participated in Diels–Alder reactions with electron-deficient alkenes and imines to form six-membered-ring products diastereoselectively. Cycloaddition reactions with alkenes bearing chiral auxiliaries provided access to chiral, nonracemic cyclohexenes. The methodology, therefore, represents a synthesis of diastereomerically and enantiomerically pure products in a single flask. The highly substituted cyclohexene products could be functionalized stereoselectively to provide cyclohexanols after oxidation of the carbon–silicon bond

Synthesis of Silyloxy Dienes by Silylene Transfer to Divinyl Ketones: Application to the Asymmetric Synthesis of Substituted Cyclohexanes

Silver-catalyzed silylene transfer to divinyl ketones provided 2-silyloxy-1,3-dienes with control of stereochemistry and regioselectivity. The products participated in Diels–Alder reactions with electron-deficient alkenes and imines to form six-membered-ring products diastereoselectively. Cycloaddition reactions with alkenes bearing chiral auxiliaries provided access to chiral, nonracemic cyclohexenes. The methodology, therefore, represents a synthesis of diastereomerically and enantiomerically pure products in a single flask. The highly substituted cyclohexene products could be functionalized stereoselectively to provide cyclohexanols after oxidation of the carbon–silicon bond

Synthesis of Silyloxy Dienes by Silylene Transfer to Divinyl Ketones: Application to the Asymmetric Synthesis of Substituted Cyclohexanes

Silver-catalyzed silylene transfer to divinyl ketones provided 2-silyloxy-1,3-dienes with control of stereochemistry and regioselectivity. The products participated in Diels–Alder reactions with electron-deficient alkenes and imines to form six-membered-ring products diastereoselectively. Cycloaddition reactions with alkenes bearing chiral auxiliaries provided access to chiral, nonracemic cyclohexenes. The methodology, therefore, represents a synthesis of diastereomerically and enantiomerically pure products in a single flask. The highly substituted cyclohexene products could be functionalized stereoselectively to provide cyclohexanols after oxidation of the carbon–silicon bond

APLICACIÓN DE MÉTODOS ANTISÉPTICOS PREVIOS AL TRATAMIENTO ODONTOLÓGICO PARA LA REDUCCIÓN DE LA CARGA MICROBIANA SALIVAL

Sixty eight patients of UNMSM Dentistry Faculty Central Clinic, ages 15 to 65 undergoing surgical or restaurative odontologic treatment, were selected and distributed into groups to determine and compare the effect of three pre-procedures mouth rinses and the dental brushing on aerobia salivary bacteria load reduction. The results showed that 0.12% Chlorhexidine Gluconate mouth rinse reduced aerobia salivary bacteria load compared to baseline in 91.4% at 5 min, and increased its effect to 93.3% at 60 min, on the contrary Fenolic antiseptic from 73.8% at 5 min decreased its effect to 63.4% at 60 min. 5% saline solution reduced bacteria in 58.3% at 5 min and persisted in 58.6% at 60 min, the reduction for dental brushing was of 53.7% at 5 min increasing its effect to 55.4% at 60 min.Fueron seleccionados y divididos en grupos, 68 pacientes de 15 a 65 años de edad, de la Clínica Central de la Facultad de Odontología de la UNMSM, que iban a recibir tratamiento quirúrgico o restaurador; para determinar y comparar la efectividad en la reducción de la carga microbiana salival aerobia, de tres enjuagues bucales y el cepillado dental, practicados antes de iniciar el tratamiento odontológico. Se determinó que el enjuague con Gluconato de Clorhexidina al 0.12% redujo la carga microbiana salival a los 5 mm en un 91.4% al compararse con la muestra inicial, incrementando su efectividad a 93.3% a los 60 min. El Compuesto fenólico por lo contrario redujo la carga microbiana en un 73.8% a los 5 min disminuyendo su efectividad a un 63.4% a los 60 min. La solución salina al 5% redujo la carga microbiana en un 58.3% a los 5 min manteniéndose en un 58.6% a los 60 min. El Cepillado dental redujo en un 53.7% a los 5 min incrementándose ligeramente a un 55.4% a los 60 min