Cyber security education is as essential as “The Three R’s”

Smartphones have diffused rapidly across South African society and constitute the most dominant information and communication technologies in everyday use. That being so, it is important to ensure that all South Africans know how to secure their smart devices. This requires a high level of security awareness and knowledge. As yet, there is no formal curriculum addressing cyber security in South African schools. Indeed, it seems to be left to Universities to teach cyber security principles, and they currently only do this when students take computing-related courses. The outcome of this approach is that only a very small percentage of South Africans, i.e. those who take computing courses at University, are made aware of cyber security risks and know how to take precautions. Moreover, because this group is overwhelmingly male, this educational strategy disproportionately leaves young female South Africans vulnerable to cyber attacks. We thus contend that cyber security ought to be taught as children learn the essential “3 Rs” – delivering requisite skills at University level does not adequately prepare young South Africans for a world where cyber security is an essential skill. Starting to provide awareness and knowledge at primary school, and embedding it across the curriculum would, in addition to ensuring that people have the skills when they need them, also remove the current gender imbalance in cyber security awareness

Publikasiegereed? Oor die aanbiedingswyse, keuringsprosedure en teksversorging van navorsingsartikels

Ready to publish? On the presentation, refereeing process and text editing of scholarly articles This article is an attempt to present authors planning to write a scholarly article with practical guidelines before submitting the article to a specific journal. The following aspects are also focused on: typical points of criticism usually raised in referees’ reports, and the necessity for clarity of expression and lucid scholarly style. Specific examples of how to enhance the technical and language finish of an article are also included. This article is the outcome of many years of practical work within the Bureau for Scholarly Journals; hence the publication of it in Koers, one of the journals processed by the Bureau

The Effect of Different Magnetospheric Structures on Predictions of Gamma-ray Pulsar Light Curves

The second pulsar catalogue of the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) will contain in excess of 100 gamma-ray pulsars. The light curves (LCs) of these pulsars exhibit a variety of shapes, and also different relative phase lags with respect to their radio pulses, hinting at distinct underlying emission properties (e.g., inclination and observer angles) for the individual pulsars. Detailed geometric modelling of the radio and gamma-ray LCs may provide constraints on the B-field structure and emission geometry. We used different B-field solutions, including the static vacuum dipole and the retarded vacuum dipole, in conjunction with an existing geometric modelling code, and constructed radiation sky maps and LCs for several different pulsar parameters. Standard emission geometries were assumed, namely the two-pole caustic (TPC) and outer gap (OG) models. The sky maps and LCs of the various B-field and radiation model combinations were compared to study their effect on the resulting LCs. As an application, we compared our model LCs with Fermi LAT data for the Vela pulsar, and inferred the most probable configuration in this case, thereby constraining Vela's high-altitude magnetic structure and system geometry.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, conference article, appears in Proceedings of SAIP2012, the 57th Annual Conference of the South African Institute of Physics, edited by Johan Janse van Rensburg, ISBN: 978-1-77592-070-

The Case Against Oral Argument: The Effects of Confirmation Bias on the Outcome of Selected Cases in the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals

Scholars have long been divided over the role, function, and significance, if any, of oral argument in judicial decision-making.\u27 Federal courts seem similarly divided, as some circuits routinely grant oral argument in almost every case, while others grant oral argument in only a small fraction of appeals. This divide should not be dismissed as merely an idiosyncratic debate or as a response to excessive workload, particularly when one considers that approximately 53,000 appeals were filed in federal courts of appeals in the year ending September 30, 2016.2 Since the Supreme Court grants certiorari in only approximately eighty cases each year, federal courts of appeal essentially act as the final arbiters of many legal issues. That means that how the federal courts decide appeals, and the process through which they reach those decisions, including the granting or withholding of oral arguments, are important to the administration of justice

Intertextuality in the Book of Jubilees

Intertextuality in the Book of JubileesThe second century BCE Book of Jubilees presents the contents of Genesis-Exodus in a new form. This article studies the techniques used in Jubilees 23. It indicates how Psalm 90:10 was used to link the death of Abraham to a declining-inclining scheme of longevity. This scheme was then combined with a heptadic jubilee scheme. To this the author added a Deuteronomistic retributive scheme of sinpunishment- repentance-salvation. On this combination an apocalyptic framework was finally superimposed

Eliminating Fear Through Recreating Community in Rwanda: The Role of the Gacaca Courts

More than a decade after the Rwandan genocide, the sheer magnitude of what took place still has the power to shock us: 800,000 people brutally murdered in a 100 day period; 500,000 who participated in some way in the genocide or in genocide related crimes; and the fact that the U.N. and western powers could allow this to happen without intervention. Given these horrendous facts, the notion of obtaining justice for the victims of the Rwandan genocide seems impossible. How can one speak of justice when one group of Rwandan society, the Hutus, came to see the other group of society, Tutsis and moderate Hutus, as so alien to the general community that their extermination became not only imaginable, but desirable? How can one dispense justice when so many participated in the genocide or in genocide related crimes such as assault, rape, and destruction of property? How can one enforce justice when Rwanda has insufficient jails to house the accused; insufficient lawyers, courthouses, and resources to prosecute and defend the accused; and insufficient police to investigate the crimes and protect the witnesses