DETERMINATION AND VALIDATION OF RP-HPLC METHOD FOR THE ESTIMATION OF MIRABEGRON IN TABLET DOSAGE FORM

Objective: A reversed phase liquid chromatography was determined and validated for the estimation of Mirabegron in tablet dosage form.Methods: The validation study of RP-HPLC showed a simple, rapid, accurate, precise, reproducible results by using a stationary phase: Waters Acquity HSS T-3 C18 (100 × 2.1 mm, 1.7μm and Mobile Phase-Potassium di-hydrogen phosphate: acetone in the ratio (40:60 v/v) at PH6.0±0.02. Detection is carried out at 243 nm using UV detector.Results: The total chromatographic analysis time per sample was about 6 min with Mirabegron eluting at a retention time of 2.754. Tailing factor obtained from the standard injection is 1.6. Theoretical Plates obtained from the standard injection is 2736.7. The flow rate is 1 ml/min and linearity in the concentration range of 30-70μg/ml (R2=0.999). The precision was 0.4% the intermediate precision was 0.08%. The deliberately varied chromatographic conditions in the concentration range for the evaluation of robustness is 10-50 µg/ml, (n=3). The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) for Mirabegron were 0.01µg/ml and 0.05µg/ml respectively. The % recovery is 99.8 % with % R. SD of 0.09. The results proved that the optimized HPLC method fulfills these requirements within the ICH accepted limits.Conclusion: The high recovery and low relative standard deviation confirm the suitability of the proposed method for the determination of Mirabegron in tablet dosage form.Â

Multi-Machine Stability Using Dynamic Inversion Technique

Stability studies of multi machine system are a major concern to power system engineers due to the increasing complexity involved. This paper deals with the application of a nonlinear technique called Dynamic Inversion, to TCSC for the improvement of stability of multi-machine system. The transient stability studies for various cases: without any controller, with 75% line compensation and with Dynamic Inversion technique, are compared. The critical clearing time as well as the maximum loading ability is also discussed. The result for the nonlinear controller is found to be better than all the other cases

Infant feeding practices in an urban tertiary care hospital: A descriptive longitudinal study

Background: Infant and young child feeding are the corner stone for child development. More than a third of the world’s undernourished children reside in India. Inadequate infant and young child feeding practices with inadequate care and management of common illnesses contributes to malnutrition. Objective: To study the prevailing infant feeding practices and determine influence of factors on infant feeding in a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: A descriptive longitudinal follow-up study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital between November 2010 and April 2012. Maternal and baby’s profiles were obtained using oral questionnaire after birth by personal one-to-one interview. These cases were followed up for their infant feeding practices till 1 year of age in outpatient department and also by telephonic conversation. Continous variables were analysed by mean and SD. For categorical variable frequency and percentage were determined. Results: 61.25% mothers had initiated breastfeeding within 1 h. Prelacteal feed was given to 28.6% babies. 61.5% had initiated complementary feed at 6 months. Bottle feeding was preferred mode of feeding. There was a statistically significant association between initiation of breastfeeding and parity (p=0.022) and type ofdelivery (p<0.0001), religion and complementary feeding introduction (p<0.001), religion and duration of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) (p=0.003), occupation and EBF duration (p=0.005), education (p=0.015), and religion (p=0.001) were associated with prelacteal feeds. Conclusions: Infant feeding practices observed from the study include early initiation of breastfeeding, appropriate duration of EBF, and timely introduction of complementary feed. Practice of prelacteal and bottle feeding was seen. Infant feeding practices are found to be influenced by several socio-demographic factors

Governing accelerating Universe via newly reconstructed Hubble parameter by employing empirical data simulations

A new parametrization of the phenomenological Hubble parameter is proposed to explore the issue of the cosmological landscape. The constraints on model parameters are derived through the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method by employing a comprehensive union of datasets such as 34 data points from cosmic chronometers (CC), 42 points from baryonic acoustic oscillations (BAO), a recently updated set of 1701 Pantheon$^+$ (P22) data points derived from Type Ia supernovae (SNeIa), and 162 data points from gamma-ray bursts (GRB). The kinematic behavior of the models is also investigated by encompassing the transition from deceleration to acceleration and the evolution of the jerk parameter. From the analysis of the parametric models, it is strongly indicated that the Universe is currently undergoing an accelerated phase. Furthermore, the models are compared by using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), so that a comparative assessment of model performance can be available.Comment: 17 pages, 6 figure

S. N, PD Shenoy, KR Venugopal, and LM Patnaik. Moving vehicle identification using background registration technique for traffic surveillance

Real-time segmentation of moving regions in image sequences is a fundamental step in many vision systems including automated visual surveillance and human-machine interface. In this paper we present a framework for detecting some important but unknown knowledge like vehicle identification and traffic flow count. The objective is to monitor activities at traffic intersections for detecting congestions, and then predict the traffic flow which assists in regulating traffic. The present algorithm for vision-based detection and counting of vehicles in monocular image sequences for traffic scenes are recorded by a stationary camera. The method is based on the establishment of correspondences between regions and vehicles, as the vehicles move through the image sequence. Background subtraction is used which improves the adaptive background mixture model and makes the system learn faster and more accurately, as well as adapt effectively to changing environments. The resulting system robustly identifies vehicles at intersection, rejecting background and tracks vehicles over a specific period of time. Real-life traffic video sequences are used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm

Tumorâ Selective Altered Glycosylation and Functional Attenuation of CD73 in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/151913/1/hep41410_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/151913/2/hep41410.pd

MMP-15 Is Upregulated in Preeclampsia, but Does Not Cleave Endoglin to Produce Soluble Endoglin

Preeclampsia is a major pregnancy complication, characterized by severe endothelial dysfunction, hypertension and maternal end-organ damage. Soluble endoglin is an anti-angiogenic protein released from placenta and thought to play a central role in causing the endothelial dysfunction and maternal organ injury seen in severe preeclampsia. We recently reported MMP-14 was the protease producing placentally-derived soluble endoglin by cleaving full-length endoglin present on the syncytiotrophoblast surface. This find identifies a specific drug target for severe preeclampsia; interfering with MMP-14 mediated cleavage of endoglin could decrease soluble endoglin production, ameliorating clinical disease. However, experimental MMP-14 inhibition alone only partially repressed soluble endoglin production, implying other proteases might have a role in producing soluble endoglin. Here we investigated whether MMP-15–phylogenetically the closest MMP relative to MMP-14 with 66% sequence similarity–also cleaves endoglin to produce soluble endoglin. MMP-15 was localized to the syncytiotrophoblast layer of the placenta, the same site where endoglin was localized. Interestingly, it was significantly (p = 0.03) up-regulated in placentas from severe early-onset preeclamptic pregnancies (n = 8) compared to gestationally matched preterm controls (n = 8). However, siRNA knockdown of MMP-15 yielded no significant decrease of soluble endoglin production from either HUVECs or syncytialised BeWo cells in vitro. Importantly, concurrent siRNA knockdown of both MMP-14 and MMP-15 in HUVECS did not yield further decrease in soluble endoglin production compared to MMP-14 siRNA alone. We conclude MMP-15 is up-regulated in preeclampsia, but does not cleave endoglin to produce soluble endoglin

Distinct and Shared Roles of β-Arrestin-1 and β-Arrestin-2 on the Regulation of C3a Receptor Signaling in Human Mast Cells

BACKGROUND: The complement component C3a induces degranulation in human mast cells via the activation of cell surface G protein coupled receptors (GPCR; C3aR). For most GPCRs, agonist-induced receptor phosphorylation leads to the recruitment of β-arrestin-1/β-arrestin-2; resulting in receptor desensitization and internalization. Activation of GPCRs also leads to ERK1/2 phosphorylation via two temporally distinct pathways; an early response that reflects G protein activation and a delayed response that is G protein independent but requires β-arrestins. The role of β-arrestins on C3aR activation/regulation in human mast cells, however, remains unknown. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We utilized lentivirus short hairpin (sh)RNA to stably knockdown the expression of β-arrestin-1 and β-arrrestin-2 in human mast cell lines, HMC-1 and LAD2 that endogenously expresses C3aR. Silencing β-arrestin-2 attenuated C3aR desensitization, blocked agonist-induced receptor internalization and rendered the cells responsive to C3a for enhanced NF-κB activity as well as chemokine generation. By contrast, silencing β-arrestin-1 had no effect on these responses but resulted in a significant decrease in C3a-induced mast cell degranulation. In shRNA control cells, C3a caused a transient ERK1/2 phosphorylation, which peaked at 5 min but disappeared by 10 min. Knockdown of β-arrestin-1, β-arrestin-2 or both enhanced the early response to C3a and rendered the cells responsive for ERK1/2 phosphorylation at later time points (10-30 min). Treatment of cells with pertussis toxin almost completely blocked both early and delayed C3a-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation in β-arrestin1/2 knockdown cells. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: This study demonstrates distinct roles for β-arrestins-1 and β-arrestins-2 on C3aR desensitization, internalization, degranulation, NF-κB activation and chemokine generation in human mast cells. It also shows that both β-arrestin-1 and β-arrestin-2 play a novel and shared role in inhibiting G protein-dependent ERK1/2 phosphorylation. These findings reveal a new level of complexity for C3aR regulation by β-arrestins in human mast cells

Distinct Effects of Unfractionated Heparin versus Bivalirudin on Circulating Angiogenic Peptides

Background: Human studies of therapeutic angiogenesis, stem-cell, and progenitor-cell therapy have failed to demonstrate consistent clinical benefit. Recent studies have shown that heparin increases circulating levels of anti-angiogenic peptides. Given the widely prevalent use of heparin in percutaneous and surgical procedures including those performed as part of studies examining the benefit of therapeutic angiogenesis and cell-based therapy, we compared the effects of unfractionated heparin (UFH) on angiogenic peptides with those of bivalirudin, a relatively newer anticoagulant whose effects on angiogenic peptides have not been studied. Methodology/Principal Findings: We measured soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFLT1), placental growth factor (PlGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and soluble Endoglin (sEng) serum levels by enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) in 16 patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention. Compared to baseline values, sFLT1 and PlGF levels increased by 26296313 % and 253654%, respectively, within 30 minutes of UFH therapy (p,0.01 for both; n = 8). VEGF levels decreased by 93.265 % in patients treated with UFH (p,0.01 versus baseline). No change in sEng levels were observed after UFH therapy. No changes in sFLT1, PlGF, VEGF, or sEng levels were observed in any patients receiving bivalirudin (n = 8). To further explore the direct effect of anticoagulation on circulating angiogenic peptides, adult, male wild-type mice received venous injections of clinically dosed UFH or bivalirudin. Compared to saline controls, sFLT1 an