7 research outputs found
Las políticas de igualdad sexual y de género en educación en tres sociedades europeas del sur: los casos de Andalucía y la Comunidad Valenciana (España) y Portugal
Gender mainstreaming is an international strategy in
Europe relating to gender equality using an intersectional
approach. It deals, specifically, with new challenges
for sexuality and diversity in education. From
within this context, this paper focuses on two goals.
The first is to analyse sex and gender equality policies
in education, since the 2000s, in three Southern European
societies: Andalusia and Valencian Community,
in Spain, and Portugal. The second goal is to arrive
at some comparative conclusions about the recent
developments in sex and gender equality policies in
education in these three societies. We end with some
comparative conclusions. First, there is the political
orientation of governments, which seems to be of
relevance. Second, there are the policies and plans
reviewed, which show a move from (binary) gender
equality to a more inclusive gender equality that intersects
with sexuality and diversity. Sexuality education,
already available in Portugal, is still absent from
Spanish schools. These three experiences can inform
European public policies.La incorporación de la perspectiva de género es una
estrategia internacional en Europa hacia la igualdad
de género, que aborda nuevos retos relativos a la sexualidad
y la diversidad en educación, desde un enfoque
interseccional. En este contexto, este artículo se
propone dos objetivos. Primero, analizar las políticas
de igualdad sexual y de género en educación desde la
década de 2000 en tres sociedades del sur de Europa:
Andalucía y la Comunidad Valenciana, en España y
Portugal; en segundo lugar, llegar a algunas conclusiones
comparativas sobre los desarrollos recientes en las
políticas de igualdad sexual y de género en educación
en estas tres sociedades. El artículo se cierra con algunas
conclusiones comparativas. Primero, la orientación
política del gobierno parece ser relevante. En segundo
lugar, las políticas y los planes revisados muestran un
cambio de la igualdad de género (binaria) a una igualdad
de género más inclusiva que intersecciona con sexualidad
y diversidad. La educación para la sexualidad,
incorporada ya en Portugal, está todavía ausente en la
escuela española. Estas tres experiencias pueden ser
de utilidad para las políticas públicas europeas
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Effect of SGLT2 Inhibitors on Stroke and Atrial Fibrillation in Diabetic Kidney Disease: Results From the CREDENCE Trial and Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Chronic kidney disease with reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate or elevated albuminuria increases risk for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. This study assessed the effects of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) on stroke and atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF/AFL) from CREDENCE (Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes With Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation) and a meta-analysis of large cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) of SGLT2i in type 2 diabetes mellitus.METHODS: CREDENCE randomized 4401 participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease to canagliflozin or placebo. Post hoc, we estimated effects on fatal or nonfatal stroke, stroke subtypes, and intermediate markers of stroke risk including AF/AFL. Stroke and AF/AFL data from 3 other completed large CVOTs and CREDENCE were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis.RESULTS: In CREDENCE, 142 participants experienced a stroke during follow-up (10.9/1000 patient-years with canagliflozin, 14.2/1000 patient-years with placebo; hazard ratio [HR], 0.77 [95% CI, 0.55-1.08]). Effects by stroke subtypes were: ischemic (HR, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.61-1.28]; n=111), hemorrhagic (HR, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.19-1.32]; n=18), and undetermined (HR, 0.54 [95% CI, 0.20-1.46]; n=17). There was no clear effect on AF/AFL (HR, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.53-1.10]; n=115). The overall effects in the 4 CVOTs combined were: total stroke (HRpooled, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.82-1.12]), ischemic stroke (HRpooled, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.89-1.14]), hemorrhagic stroke (HRpooled, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.30-0.83]), undetermined stroke (HRpooled, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.49-1.51]), and AF/AFL (HRpooled, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.71-0.93]). There was evidence that SGLT2i effects on total stroke varied by baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (P=0.01), with protection in the lowest estimated glomerular filtration rate (<45 mL/min/1.73 m2]) subgroup (HRpooled, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.31-0.79]).CONCLUSIONS: Although we found no clear effect of SGLT2i on total stroke in CREDENCE or across trials combined, there was some evidence of benefit in preventing hemorrhagic stroke and AF/AFL, as well as total stroke for those with lowest estimated glomerular filtration rate. Future research should focus on confirming these data and exploring potential mechanisms. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT02065791