Correlation between clinical and autopsy diagnoses: a retrospective analysis of 680 patients

OBJETIVO: Analisar a concordância entre os diagnósticos clínicos e os achados anatomopatológicos obtidos por meio do exame necroscópico, a fim de determinar a freqüência com que a necropsia revela diagnósticos principais inesperados, que são relevantes para a causa do óbito. MÉTODOS: Foram analisadas retrospectivamente 680 necropsias realizadas no Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal (HBDF), de janeiro de 1997 a dezembro de 2002. Para a comparação entre os achados clínicos e anatomopatológicos utilizou-se a classificação de Goldman, e fez-se a correlação segundo o sexo, a idade do paciente, a unidade de internação e o tempo de permanência hospitalar. Foram utilizados, como fonte de dados, os pedidos de necropsia, preenchidos pelos médicos-assistentes, e os laudos finais de necropsia. RESULTADOS: A necropsia confirmou os diagnósticos principais formulados pela clínica em 69% das amostras. Em relação aos casos discordantes, 18% foram classificados como classe I (com potencial impacto na sobrevida do paciente) e 13% como classe II (sem o questionável impacto na sobrevida do paciente). Os principais diagnósticos discordantes mais freqüentes foram doenças do aparelho circulatório (acidente vascular cerebral, insuficiência cardíaca congestiva e miocardiopatia hipertrófica), moléstias infecciosas (meningite bacteriana, tuberculose miliar e neurotoxoplasmose) e neoplasias (linfomas). CONCLUSÕES: Evidenciou-se significativa discordância entre os diagnósticos clínicos e anatomopatológicos post mortem, mostrando que a necropsia ainda é um procedimento importante para o esclarecimento diagnóstico, bem como para a melhoria dos serviços de saúde.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the discrepancies between clinical and postmortem diagnoses in order to determine the frequency of relevant missed diagnoses detected at autopsy. METHOD: Six hundred and eighty patients autopsied at the Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal, Brazil, between January 1997 and December 2002 were retrospectively investigated. Agreement between clinical and postmortem findings was compared using Goldman's system. Medical records and final autopsy reports were reviewed. RESULTS: Major clinical diagnoses were confirmed in 69% of analyzed autopsies. Eighteen percent of cases were classified as Goldman class I missed diagnosis (if known before death, might have led to prolonged survival) and 13% as class II (clinically missed major diagnosis for which survival would not have been changed). Most frequent missed major diagnoses were cardiovascular diseases (cerebral hemorrhagic infarction, congestive heart failure and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy), infectious diseases (purulent meningitis, miliar tuberculosis and neurotoxoplasmosis) and neoplasia (lymphoma). CONCLUSION: This study has found significant disagreement between clinical and postmortem examinations and reinforces the importance of autopsy in improving clinical diagnosis and in providing data that could be integrated in quality assurance programs

Gallbladder carcinoma: clinicopathological study of 24 cases Carcinoma da vesícula biliar: estudo clinicopatológico de 24 casos

INTRODUCTION: Despite preoperative procedures, gallbladder carcinoma is commonly detected intraoperatively or on anatomopathologic examination after cholecystectomy. OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical-morphological aspects and evolution of patients with primary gallbladder carcinoma. METHODS: We reviewed medical records and pathologic material of all patients diagnosed with gallbladder carcinoma at our institution from 1997 to 2008. RESULTS: Twenty-four cases with primary carcinoma were studied, predominantly among female patients, mean age of 61.1 years. The most common clinical symptom was upper right hypochondriac pain. Five patients were diagnosed in early stages and 19 were in advanced stages. Only seven patients were diagnosed with carcinoma preoperatively, all of them in advanced stages. As to macroscopic examination, three early cases were identified as type IIa, two type IIb and 13 advanced cases were flat and infiltrating. Histologically, there were 23 adenocarcinomas and one adenosquamous carcinoma. Simple cholecystectomy was performed in seven patients, extended cholecystectomy in four patients, cholecystectomy and omentectomy in one patient, and tumor biopsy in only two patients. The median survival rate for patients in early stages was 59 months, and for pT2, pT3 and pT4 stages were 22 months, nine months and three days, respectively. CONCLUSION: There was a prevalence of advanced neoplasias diagnosed through anatomopathological examinations with poor prognosis. Furthermore, earlier detection contributed to higher survival rate. Investigation of anatomopathologic features, specially the macroscopic patterns of gallbladder carcinoma, is essential to improve diagnostic accuracy and to provide a definite treatment.<br>INTRODUÇÃO: Não obstante estudos pré-operatórios, o câncer da vesícula biliar é frequentemente detectado durante a cirurgia ou no exame anatomopatológico após colecistectomias. OBJETIVO: Avaliar as principais apresentações clinicomorfológicas e a evolução de pacientes com carcinoma da vesícula biliar. MÉTODOS: Foram revisados prontuários médicos e material anatomopatológico de todos os pacientes com carcinoma de vesícula biliar diagnosticados em nosso hospital de 1997 a 2008. RESULTADOS: Foram encontrados 24 carcinomas primários, com predomínio em mulheres, média de idade de 61,1 anos. A apresentação clínica mais frequente foi de dor em hipocôndrio direito. Cinco pacientes foram diagnosticados em estádios precoces e 19, em estádios avançados. O diagnóstico pré-operatório de câncer foi realizado em sete pacientes, todos em estádios avançados. Ao exame macroscópico, três cânceres precoces eram tipo IIa e dois, IIb. Treze casos avançados eram aplanados e infiltrantes, 23 eram adenocarcinomas e um era adenoescamoso. Colecistectomia simples foi realizada em sete pacientes, colecistectomia associada à ressecção do leito hepático em quatro, colecistectomia e omentectomia em um e apenas biópsia do tumor em dois pacientes. A média de sobrevida para os pacientes em estádio precoce foi de 59 meses e para os pT2, pT3 e pT4 foram 22 meses, nove meses e três dias, respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: Salienta-se a prevalência de neoplasias avançadas, com prognóstico ruim, diagnosticadas ao exame anatomopatológico. Detecção mais precoce contribuiu para melhor sobrevida. Conhecimento das características anatomopatológicas, especialmente dos padrões macroscópicos do câncer da vesícula biliar, é essencial para melhorar a acuidade diagnóstica e permitir o tratamento radical definitivo

DN.: Gallbladder carcinoma: a clinicopathological study of 24 cases. JBras Patol Med Lab.2011

Introduction: Despite preoperative procedures, gallbladder carcinoma is commonly detected intraoperatively or on anatomopathologic examination after cholecystectomy. Objective: To study the clinical-morphological aspects and evolution of patients with primary gallbladder carcinoma. Methods: We reviewed medical records and pathologic material of all patients diagnosed with gallbladder carcinoma at our institution from 1997 to 2008. Results: Twenty-four cases with primary carcinoma were studied, predominantly among female patients, mean age of 61.1 years. The most common clinical symptom was upper right hypochondriac pain. Five patients were diagnosed in early stages and 19 were in advanced stages. Only seven patients were diagnosed with carcinoma preoperatively, all of them in advanced stages. As to macroscopic examination, three early cases were identified as type IIa, two type IIb and 13 advanced cases were flat and infiltrating. Histologically, there were 23 adenocarcinomas and one adenosquamous carcinoma. Simple cholecystectomy was performed in seven patients, extended cholecystectomy in four patients, cholecystectomy and omentectomy in one patient, and tumor biopsy in only two patients. The median survival rate for patients in early stages was 59 months, and for pT2, pT3 and pT4 stages were 22 months, nine months and three days, respectively. Conclusion: There was a prevalence of advanced neoplasias diagnosed through anatomopathological examinations with poor prognosis. Furthermore, earlier detection contributed to higher survival rate. Investigation of anatomopathologic features, specially the macroscopic patterns of gallbladder carcinoma, is essential to improve diagnostic accuracy and to provide a definite treatment

Lagoquilascaríase humana: sobre três casos encontrados nos Distrito Federal, Brasil

Três novos casos humanos de infecção por Lagochilascaris minor são apresentados. Todos os pacientes eram oriundos do Estado do Pará, Brasil, e viviam em zona rural ou próximo à mata. As lesões, no momento da consulta, localizavam-se no pescoço, mastóide e ouvido, estando já fistulizadas; em dois casos havia também envolvimento do sistema nervoso central. Amostras de tecidos, retiradas das lesões, revelaram, ao exame histológico, ovos e vermes em vários estádios de sua evolução. A identificação da espécie foi confirmada através do estudo de larvas e adultos eliminados, pelas fístulas cutâneas, de mistura com pus. O tratamento consistiu em excisão cirúrgica das tumorações e administração de antihelmínticos, com bons resultados. Em dois pacientes, no entanto, houve recidiva das lesões, após cura aparente, indicando que as drogas utilizadas não destroem os ovos do parasito.Three new cases of human infection with Lagochilascaris minor are reported. All the patients were from the State of Pará (Brazil), living in rural areas or close to the forest. They were admitted to hospitals in the Federal District due to the presence of abscesses in the region of the neck, ear, mastoid process and, in two of them, to the involvement also of the central nervous system. Microscopic examination of tissue samples taken from the lesions showed sections of eggs and worms - in different evolutive stages - identified as Lagochilascaris minor. Larvae and adult worms obtained from existing fistulae proved also to be of the same species. The three patients were treated with autihelmintic drugs and surgical excision of the lesions, with good clinical results. In two of them, however, relapsing occurred, suggesting that the drugs do not destroy the worm eggs, in spite of the apparent healing of the lesions

Odontogenic myxoma in an adolescentpatient – report of a clinical case

This paper presents a case of odontogenic myxoma affecting a black boy, 16 years old. In his case, the body and ascending ramus of his mandible, on his right cheek, had been affected by the tumour. The treatment applied was the partial resection of the mandible, in a way that its condyle was preserved. Two years later, the neoformation of the bone in the area of the resected mandible was observed clinically and radiographically

Hiperinfecção por Strongyloides stercoralis: relato de caso autopsiado Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection: autopsy case report

Infecção assintomática por Strongyloides stercoralis pode resultar em doença potencialmente fatal em pacientes imunodeprimidos. Os autores relatam caso de hiperinfecção por Strongyloides stercoralis descoberto à autópsia, enfatizando aspectos clinicopatológicos, em homem de 55 anos, em tratamento para mieloma múltiplo. Apresentava, havia um dia, cefaléia intensa, dor abdominal e oligúria desenvolvendo insuficiência respiratória aguda e choque séptico. Devido à dificuldade no diagnóstico, o tratamento empírico antes do início da terapia imunossupressora pode ser a melhor estratégia para prevenir a hiperinfecção pelo verme.<br>Asymptomatic infection due to Strongyloides stercoralis may result in potentially fatal disease in immunodepressed patients. A case of Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection discovered at autopsy in a 55-year-old man who had been undergoing treatment for multiple myeloma is reported, emphasizing the clinical and pathological findings. One day earlier, he presented severe headache, abdominal pain and oliguria, from which he developed acute respiratory failure and septic shock. Because of difficulty in reaching this diagnosis, empirical treatment before starting immunosuppressive therapy may be the best strategy for preventing hyperinfection by this worm

Lagoquilascaríase humana: sobre três casos encontrados nos Distrito Federal, Brasil Human lagochilascariasis: about three cases found in the Federal District, Brazil

Três novos casos humanos de infecção por Lagochilascaris minor são apresentados. Todos os pacientes eram oriundos do Estado do Pará, Brasil, e viviam em zona rural ou próximo à mata. As lesões, no momento da consulta, localizavam-se no pescoço, mastóide e ouvido, estando já fistulizadas; em dois casos havia também envolvimento do sistema nervoso central. Amostras de tecidos, retiradas das lesões, revelaram, ao exame histológico, ovos e vermes em vários estádios de sua evolução. A identificação da espécie foi confirmada através do estudo de larvas e adultos eliminados, pelas fístulas cutâneas, de mistura com pus. O tratamento consistiu em excisão cirúrgica das tumorações e administração de antihelmínticos, com bons resultados. Em dois pacientes, no entanto, houve recidiva das lesões, após cura aparente, indicando que as drogas utilizadas não destroem os ovos do parasito.<br>Three new cases of human infection with Lagochilascaris minor are reported. All the patients were from the State of Pará (Brazil), living in rural areas or close to the forest. They were admitted to hospitals in the Federal District due to the presence of abscesses in the region of the neck, ear, mastoid process and, in two of them, to the involvement also of the central nervous system. Microscopic examination of tissue samples taken from the lesions showed sections of eggs and worms - in different evolutive stages - identified as Lagochilascaris minor. Larvae and adult worms obtained from existing fistulae proved also to be of the same species. The three patients were treated with autihelmintic drugs and surgical excision of the lesions, with good clinical results. In two of them, however, relapsing occurred, suggesting that the drugs do not destroy the worm eggs, in spite of the apparent healing of the lesions