Testcases KringloopToets 2015-2016 en daaruit geleerde lessen : verslag van workshops ter introductie en validatie van de KringloopToets

De KringloopToets is in 2015 ontwikkeld door Wageningen Livestock Research in samenwerking met de Werkgroep Kringlopen. In de Werkgroep zijn de Ministeries van Infrastructuur en Milieu en Economische Zaken, de Provincie Noord Brabant, het Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu (RIVM), de stichting Natuur en Milieu, de Brabantse Milieu Federatie en de Nederlandse Vereniging voor Diervoederindustrie vertegenwoordigd. In opdracht van het Ministerie van Infrastructuur en Milieu en de provincie Noord-Brabant is met diverse stakeholders in workshops de KringloopToets gevalideerd en getest. Dit rapport heeft als doel de resultaten, ervaringen en geleerde lessen van deze workshops vast te leggen. Op grond van de ervaringen is de werkwijze in de workshops aangepast. Algemene conclusie uit de workshops is, dat de KringloopToets een goed gespreksinstrument is om met diverse stakeholders maatregelen, die het beter sluiten van nutriëntenkringlopen beogen, gezamenlijk te onderzoeken en gedeelde inzichten te verkrijgen in de mogelijke effecten van die maatregelen. Uitwerken van een casus (maatregel) met stakeholders van verschillende achtergronden vereist wel de nodige tijd en inzet van alle deelnemers. Het doel van de toets is om te komen tot gedeelde en gezamenlijk onderschreven inzichten, niet om besluiten te nemen

KringloopToets Mestverwerking

The Nutrient Cycle Assessment aims at visualizing nutrient flows. Commissioned by the Ministries of I&M and Economic Affairs and the Dutch Organisation of Feed Research a Nutrient Cycle Assessment was carried out for manure processing. It appeared that a case with market pull on the market for animal manure (artificial fertilizer is not allowed any more) inspires the participants much more to analyse the effects of such an intervention than when the intervention pushes animal manure in the market (all pig manure has to be processed). This report describes the conclusions of the analysis and the lessons that can be learned from this exercise for future work with the Nutrient Cycle Assessment

Environmental impacts of dairy farming in Lembang, West Java

The demand for milk and dairy products is growing in Indonesia. At the same time, Indonesia has committed itself to substantially reduce national greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Low- emission strategies are required to sustainably increase milk production of the Indonesian dairy sector. Objectives of this study were to estimate the current level of GHG emissions and land use of dairy farms in Lembang District, West Java, and evaluate the potential effects of feeding and manure management interventions on GHG emissions and land use. A life cycle assessment was used to estimate cradle-to-farm gate GHG emissions and land use of an average dairy farm in Lembang District, using data from a survey of 300 dairy farmers in Lembang in 2016. Total GHG emissions were 33 ton CO2e. per farm/year, and emission intensity was 1.9 kg CO2e per kg of fat and protein corrected milk (FPCM) and 8.8 kg CO2e per kg live weight. Total estimated land use was 2.1 ha per dairy farm, which was equal to 1.2 m2 per kg FPCM and 5.6 m2 per kg live weight. Hotspots of GHG emissions were rumen enteric fermentation (CH4), manure management (CH4 and N2O; especially discharged manure), and off-farm feed production (CH4, N2O and CO2; especially rice straw). Feeding and manure management interventions evaluated in a scenario analysis in this study changed total GHG emissions by -12 to +24%, and GHG emission intensity by -1 to -14%. Total land use changed by -6 to +22%, and land use intensity (i.e., land use per kg FPCM or life weight) by 0 to -11%. Largest reductions in GHG emission intensity were found in the scenarios with maize silage feeding, improved manure management, and an increased amount of roughage in the diet. We concluded that improvement of feeding and manure management can reduce GHG emissions and land use of dairy farms in Lembang District. As results were based on scenario analysis, the mitigation potential of interventions should be validated in practice

Monetisation of sustainability impacts of food production and consumption

WUR developed several frameworks to measure the sustainability of food in agricultural chains. To support decision making of firms, farms, government and consumers it is important to be able to compare the different sustainability issues. Monetisation is one way to express all issues in one unit. The possibilities for monetisation will be investigated in this knowledge base project. It is suggested to use the LCA methodology approved by the European Commission as a starting point for such avaluation approac

Verduurzaming samenwerking akkerbouw-veehouderij in Drenthe : Expertbeoordeling en advies

Samenwerking tussen akkerbouw- en melkveebedrijven komt veel voor in Drenthe, met name in de vorm van grondruil. De provincie heeft Wageningen UR gevraagd om een expertbeoordeling voor de volgende vraag: is deze huidige vorm van samenwerking duurzaam en waar is nog winst te halen? Daarbij werd specifiek aandacht gevraagd voor organische stof, nutriëntenefficiëntie, bodemgezondheid en de inzet van gewasbeschermingsmiddelen. Uit de beoordeling blijkt dat de huidige vorm van samenwerking qua duurzaamheid niet of nauwelijks afwijkt van de situatie zonder samenwerking. Op de verschillende duurzaamheidsthema’s is nog wel winst te behalen. Het is daarvoor nodig dat de samenwerkende bedrijven gezamenlijk een teelt- en bodemplan maken

Manure Management Practices and Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa: Implications on Manure Quality as a Fertilizer

Manure has been used as a fertilizer since ancient times and if well-managed it can be an asset, promoting sustainable agriculture, and increasing crop production, particularly for smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, most farmers in SSA do not apply recommended manure management practices, such as roofing animal housing, having a water-proof floor or covering manure during storage, causing large nutrient losses during manure storage, increasing greenhouse gas emissions, and reducing the quality of the manure as a fertilizer. This paper compares manure management practices in representative SSA countries, and summarizes government policies and socio-cultural practices that influence the adoption of good (recommended) manure management practices. Three steps were applied in this analysis: (i) review of manure management practices from various literature sources, (ii) interviews on manure management practices and policies with key stakeholders from 13 SSA countries, and (iii) surveys of manure management practices on small, medium, and large scale farms in Ethiopia and Malawi. The review confirms the potential of manure to improve crop yields and promote sustainable agriculture in SSA. Unfortunately, most SSA countries (a) do not explicitly mention manure management in their policies (b) have different ministries that share responsibilities on manure management, often leading to incoherent policies and abnegation of these responsibilities (c) take limited action to promote good practices or enforce legislation on manure management. Also, the field survey indicated that farmers lack knowledge on manure management. However, farmers are able to access agricultural extension services from both government and non-government agencies, although these extension services rarely included information on improved manure management practices. Extension services that encourage exchange and interaction between farmers were most successful in increasing adoption of good manure management practices, and are recommended. In addition, efforts to improve manure management in SSA should strengthen the enforcement of existing policies and provide an enabling environment for adoption of good manure management practices