Pranlukast Antagonizes CD49f and Reduces Sternness in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells

Introduction: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) drive the initiation, maintenance, and therapy response of breast tumors. CD49f is expressed in breast CSCs and functions in the maintenance of stemness. Thus, blockade of CD49f is a potential therapeutic approach for targeting breast CSCs. In the present study, we aimed to repurpose drugs as CD49f antagonists. Materials and Methods: We performed consensus molecular docking using a subdomain of CD49f that is critical for heterodimerization and a collection of pharmochemicals clini-cally tested. Molecular dynamics simulations were employed to further characterize drug-target binding. Using MDA-MB-231 cells, we evaluated the effects of potential CD49f antagonists on 1) cell adhesion to laminin; 2) mammosphere formation; and 3) cell viability. We analyzed the effects of the drug with better CSC-selectivity on the activation of CD49f-downstream signaling by Western blot (WB) and co-immunoprecipitation. Expressions of the stem cell markers CD44 and SOX2 were analyzed by flow cytometry and WB, respectively. Transactivation of SOX2 promoter was evaluated by luciferase reporter assays. Changes in the number of CSCs were assessed by limiting-dilution xenotransplantation. Results: Pranlukast, a drug used to treat asthma, bound to CD49f in silico and inhibited the adhesion of CD49f+ MDA-MB-231 cells to laminin, indicating that it antagonizes CD49f-containing integrins. Molecular dynamics analysis showed that pranlukast binding induces con-formational changes in CD49f that affect its interaction with β1-integrin subunit and constrained the conformational dynamics of the heterodimer. Pranlukast decreased the clonogenicity of breast cancer cells on mammosphere formation assay but had no impact on the viability of bulk tumor cells. Brief exposure of MDA-MB-231 cells to pranlukast altered CD49f-dependent signaling, reducing focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) activation. Further, pranlukast-treated cells showed decreased CD44 and SOX2 expression, SOX2 promoter transacti-vation, and in vivo tumorigenicity, supporting that this drug reduces the frequency of CSC. Conclusion: Our results support the function of pranlukast as a CD49f antagonist that reduces the CSC population in triple-negative breast cancer cells. The pharmacokinetics and toxicology of this drug have already been established, rendering a potential adjuvant therapy for breast cancer patients

Elucidating novel molecular and cellular mechanisms in Tenascin-C dependent breast cancer aggressiveness

La Ténascine-C (TNC) est une molécule de la matrice extracellulaire qui est anormalement surexprimée dans entre autres, le cancer du sein. Le but principal de ma thèse était de mieux comprendre les différentes contributions de la TNC, durant l’établissement et progression des cancers mammaires. Mes résultats acquis avec le modèle transgénique NeuNT soutiennent fortement la notion que la TNC exerce des rôles pléiotropiques et cruciaux à la fois à des stades précoces et à des stades ultimes de la progression tumorale mammaire. D'autre part, j’ai développé de nouvelles lignées cellulaires cancéreuses mammaires syngéniques à partir des deux modèles transgéniques. En utilisant des modèles murins et des approches in vitro, mon travail de doctorat a permis de mettre en lumière différentes contributions importantes de la TNC au cours de la carcinogenèse mammaire. Les analyses encore en cours permettront rapidement de mieux cerner les mécanismes moléculaires et cellulaires mis en jeu en aval de la TNC et impliqués dans la progression tumorale mammaire.The microenvironment, which comprises the extracellular matrix (ECM), plays instrumental roles during tumor formation and progression. Tenascin-C (TNC) is a major ECM component highly expressed in breast cancer, correlating with poor prognosis, tamoxifen resistance and lung metastasis formation. TNC exerts pleiotropic effects by promoting tumor cell survival, proliferation and invasion as well as angiogenesis , inflammation and metastasis. The main goal of my thesis was to try to comprehensively understand the several contributions of TNC during breast cancer establishment and progression to metastatic disease. My analyses revealed that the absence of TNC does not affect breast tumorigenesis in the MMTV-PyMT breast cancer mouse model, confirming a previous study. More interestingly, using the MMTV-NeuNT model, we show that TNC promotes primary tumor initiation and lung metastatic colonization. In the lung, TNC increases of cancer cell survival in intravascular metastases and promotes their progression. Additionally, we established breast cancer cell lines from MMTV-PyMT and MMTV-NeuNT mouse models that grow in vitro and are tumorigenic when re-Implanted in syngeneic, fully immuno-Competent mice. In this work we had shown that TNC participates in tumor initiation and in lung metastasis colonization in an ErbB2-Driven transgenic breast cancer mouse model. The established cell lines are alternative tools useful for in vivo and in vitro studies in breast cancer research

Identification et caractérisation de nouveaux mécanismes moléculaires et cellulaires dépendant de la Ténascine-C et impliqués dans l'agressivité du cancer du sein

The microenvironment, which comprises the extracellular matrix (ECM), plays instrumental roles during tumor formation and progression. Tenascin-C (TNC) is a major ECM component highly expressed in breast cancer, correlating with poor prognosis, tamoxifen resistance and lung metastasis formation. TNC exerts pleiotropic effects by promoting tumor cell survival, proliferation and invasion as well as angiogenesis , inflammation and metastasis. The main goal of my thesis was to try to comprehensively understand the several contributions of TNC during breast cancer establishment and progression to metastatic disease. My analyses revealed that the absence of TNC does not affect breast tumorigenesis in the MMTV-PyMT breast cancer mouse model, confirming a previous study. More interestingly, using the MMTV-NeuNT model, we show that TNC promotes primary tumor initiation and lung metastatic colonization. In the lung, TNC increases of cancer cell survival in intravascular metastases and promotes their progression. Additionally, we established breast cancer cell lines from MMTV-PyMT and MMTV-NeuNT mouse models that grow in vitro and are tumorigenic when re-Implanted in syngeneic, fully immuno-Competent mice. In this work we had shown that TNC participates in tumor initiation and in lung metastasis colonization in an ErbB2-Driven transgenic breast cancer mouse model. The established cell lines are alternative tools useful for in vivo and in vitro studies in breast cancer research.La Ténascine-C (TNC) est une molécule de la matrice extracellulaire qui est anormalement surexprimée dans entre autres, le cancer du sein. Le but principal de ma thèse était de mieux comprendre les différentes contributions de la TNC, durant l’établissement et progression des cancers mammaires. Mes résultats acquis avec le modèle transgénique NeuNT soutiennent fortement la notion que la TNC exerce des rôles pléiotropiques et cruciaux à la fois à des stades précoces et à des stades ultimes de la progression tumorale mammaire. D'autre part, j’ai développé de nouvelles lignées cellulaires cancéreuses mammaires syngéniques à partir des deux modèles transgéniques. En utilisant des modèles murins et des approches in vitro, mon travail de doctorat a permis de mettre en lumière différentes contributions importantes de la TNC au cours de la carcinogenèse mammaire. Les analyses encore en cours permettront rapidement de mieux cerner les mécanismes moléculaires et cellulaires mis en jeu en aval de la TNC et impliqués dans la progression tumorale mammaire

Elucidating novel molecular and cellular mechanisms in Tenascin-C dependent breast cancer aggressiveness

La Ténascine-C (TNC) est une molécule de la matrice extracellulaire qui est anormalement surexprimée dans entre autres, le cancer du sein. Le but principal de ma thèse était de mieux comprendre les différentes contributions de la TNC, durant l’établissement et progression des cancers mammaires. Mes résultats acquis avec le modèle transgénique NeuNT soutiennent fortement la notion que la TNC exerce des rôles pléiotropiques et cruciaux à la fois à des stades précoces et à des stades ultimes de la progression tumorale mammaire. D'autre part, j’ai développé de nouvelles lignées cellulaires cancéreuses mammaires syngéniques à partir des deux modèles transgéniques. En utilisant des modèles murins et des approches in vitro, mon travail de doctorat a permis de mettre en lumière différentes contributions importantes de la TNC au cours de la carcinogenèse mammaire. Les analyses encore en cours permettront rapidement de mieux cerner les mécanismes moléculaires et cellulaires mis en jeu en aval de la TNC et impliqués dans la progression tumorale mammaire.The microenvironment, which comprises the extracellular matrix (ECM), plays instrumental roles during tumor formation and progression. Tenascin-C (TNC) is a major ECM component highly expressed in breast cancer, correlating with poor prognosis, tamoxifen resistance and lung metastasis formation. TNC exerts pleiotropic effects by promoting tumor cell survival, proliferation and invasion as well as angiogenesis , inflammation and metastasis. The main goal of my thesis was to try to comprehensively understand the several contributions of TNC during breast cancer establishment and progression to metastatic disease. My analyses revealed that the absence of TNC does not affect breast tumorigenesis in the MMTV-PyMT breast cancer mouse model, confirming a previous study. More interestingly, using the MMTV-NeuNT model, we show that TNC promotes primary tumor initiation and lung metastatic colonization. In the lung, TNC increases of cancer cell survival in intravascular metastases and promotes their progression. Additionally, we established breast cancer cell lines from MMTV-PyMT and MMTV-NeuNT mouse models that grow in vitro and are tumorigenic when re-Implanted in syngeneic, fully immuno-Competent mice. In this work we had shown that TNC participates in tumor initiation and in lung metastasis colonization in an ErbB2-Driven transgenic breast cancer mouse model. The established cell lines are alternative tools useful for in vivo and in vitro studies in breast cancer research

Pharmacodynamic studies of fluorescent diamond carriers of doxorubicin in liver cancer cells and colorectal cancer organoids

BACKGROUND: We recently reported on preferential deposition of bare fluorescent diamond particles FDP-NV-700/800nm (FDP-NV) in the liver following intravenous administration to rats. The pharmacokinetics of FDP-NV in that species indicated short residency in the circulation by rapid clearance by the liver. Retention of FDP-NV in the liver was not associated with any pathology. These observations suggested that cancer therapeutics, such as doxorubicin, linked to FDP-NV, could potentially serve for anti-cancer treatment while sparing toxicities of peripheral organs. PURPOSE: To generate proof-of-concept (POC) and detail mechanisms of action of doxorubicin-coated FDP-NV-700/800nm (FDP-DOX) as a prospective chemotherapeutic for metastatic liver cancer. METHODS: FDP-DOX was generated by adsorption chemistry. Experimental design included concentration and time-dependent efficacy studies as compared with naïve (baren) FDP-NV in in vitro liver cancer cells models. Uptake of FDP-NV and FDP-DOX by HepG-2, Hep-3B and hCRC organoids were demonstrated by flow-cytometry and fluorescent microscopy. FDP-DOX pharmacodynamic effects included metabolic as well as cell death biomarkers Annexin V, TUNEL and LDH leakage. DOX desorpted from FDP-DOX was assessed by confocal microscopy and chemical assay of cells fractions. RESULTS: FDP-DOX efficacy was dose- and time-dependent and manifested in both liver cancer cell lines and human CRC organoids. FDP-DOX was rapidly internalized into cancer cells/organoids leading to cancer growth inhibition and apoptosis. FDP-DOX disrupted cell membrane integrity as evident by LDH release and suppressing mitochondrial metabolic pathways (AlamarBlue assay). Access of free DOX to the nuclei was confirmed by direct UV-Visible fluorescent assay and confocal microscopy of DOX fluorescence. CONCLUSION: The rapid uptake and profound cancer inhibition observed using FDP-DOX in clinically relevant cancer models, highlight FDP-DOX promise for cancer chemotherapeutics. We also conclude that the in vitro data justify further investment in in vivo POC studies

Infiltrating CD8+ T cells and M2 macrophages are retained in tumor matrix tracks enriched in low tension fibronectin fibers

Tracks rich in matrix and cells, as described in several cancer types, have immunosuppressive functions and separate tumor nests and stroma, yet their origin is unknown. Immunostainings of cryosections from mouse breast tumors show that these tracks are bordered by an endothelial-like basement membrane, filled with fibers of collagen adjacent to tenascin-C (TNC) and low-tension fibronectin (Fn) fibers. While present in early-stage tumors and maturing with time, tracks still form under TNC KO conditions, however, host (not tumor cell)-derived TNC is important for track maturation. Tumor infiltrating leukocytes (mostly M2 macrophages and CD8+ T cells) are retained in tracks of early-stage tumors. Following track maturation, retained tumor infiltrating leukocyte (TIL) numbers get reduced and more CD8+ TIL enter the tumor nests in the absence of TNC. As these tracks are enriched with platelets and fibrinogen and have a demarcating endothelial-like basement membrane often adjacent to endothelial cells, this suggests a role of blood vessels in the formation of these tracks. The Fn fiber tension probe FnBPA5 colocalizes with TNC and immune cells in the tracks and shows decreased binding in tracks lacking TNC. Consequently, FnBPA5 can serve as probe for tumor matrix tracks that have immune suppressive properties.ISSN:0945-053XISSN:1569-180

Tenascin‐C immobilizes infiltrating T lymphocytes through CXCL12 promoting breast cancer progression

Abstract Immune checkpoint therapy, where CD8 tumor infiltrating T lymphocytes (TIL) are reactivated, is a promising anti‐cancer treatment approach, yet with low response rates. The extracellular matrix, in particular tenascin‐C, may generate barriers for TIL. To investigate this possibility, we used a MMTV‐NeuNT and syngeneic mammary gland grafting model derived thereof with engineered tenascin‐C levels and observed accumulation of CD8 TIL in tenascin‐C‐rich stroma. Inhibition studies revealed that tenascin‐C induced CXCL12 through TLR4. By binding CXCL12, tenascin‐C retained CD8 TIL in the stroma. Blockade of CXCR4, the receptor of CXCL12, enhanced macrophage and CD8 TIL infiltration and reduced tumor growth and subsequent metastasis. Retention of CD8 TIL by tenascin‐C/CXCL12 was also observed in human breast cancer by tissue staining. Moreover, whereas high CD8 TIL numbers correlated with longer metastasis‐free survival, this was not the case when also tenascin‐C and CXCL12 levels were high. Altogether, these results may be useful for improving tumor immunity as diagnostic tool and to formulate a future “TIL‐matrix‐release‐and‐reactivate” strategy