Unpacking the misfit effect: Exploring the influence of gender and social norms on the association between aggression and peer victimization

Social norms are vital for the functioning of adolescent peer groups; they can protect the well-being of groups and individual members, often by deterring harmful behaviors, such as aggression, through enforcement mechanisms like peer victimization; in adolescent peer groups, those who violate aggression norms are often subject to victimization. However, adolescents are nested within several levels of peer group contexts, ranging from small proximal groups, to larger distal groups, and social norms operate within each. This study assessed whether there are differences in the enforcement of aggression norms at different levels. Self-report and peer-nomination data were collected four times over the course of a school year from 1,454 early adolescents (M age = 10.27; 53.9% boys) from Bogota, Colombia. Multilevel modeling provided support for social regulation of both physical aggression and relational aggression via peer victimization, as a function of gender, grade-level, proximal (friend) or distal (class) injunctive norms of aggression (perceptions of group-level attitudes), and descriptive norms of aggression. Overall, violation of proximal norms appears to be more powerfully enforced by adolescent peer groups. The findings are framed within an ecological systems theory of adolescent peer relationships

Felicidad en el trabajo, empowerment y engagement en colaboradores de una empresa agroindustrial de La Libertad

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo determinar la relación entre Felicidad en el Trabajo, Empowerment y Engagement en colaboradores de una empresa agroindustrial de La Libertad. El tipo de investigación empleada es de tipo básica, de diseño no experimental y alcance correlacional. La muestra estuvo conformada por 230 trabajadores de ambos géneros, los cuales pertenecieron al área de producción de selección y empaque en la materia prima del espárrago, la población con la que se pretende trabajar radica en el Departamento de la Libertad. Los instrumentos empleados fueron la Escala de Felicidad Organizacional, el Cuestionario de Empowerment Psicológico (EP) y el Cuestionario del Utrecht Works Engagement Scale (UWES-15). Se encontró un nivel medio predominante de Felicidad en el trabajo con 48,7%, además, un nivel medio bajo de 37,8% en Empowerment. Por otra parte, existe una correlación altamente significativa positiva de intensidad moderada entre Felicidad en el trabajo y Empowerment (rho=.507; p=.000); Felicidad en el trabajo y Engagement (rho=. 664; p=.000); asimismo, una correlación altamente significativa positiva de intensidad moderada entre Empowerment y Engagement (rho=.558; p=.000). Se concluye que, a mayor nivel de felicidad en el trabajo, mayor será el nivel de Empowerment y engagement que presenten los colaboradores

Brucella abortus induces TNF-á-dependent astroglial MMP-9 secretion through mitogen-activated protein kinases

Central nervous system (CNS) invasion by bacteria of the genus Brucella results in an inflammatory disorder called neurobrucellosis. We have recently demonstrated that B. abortus infects microglia and astrocytes, eliciting the production of a variety of pro-inflammatory cytokines which contribute to CNS damage. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) have been implicated in inflammatory tissue destruction in a range of pathological situations in the CNS. Increased MMP secretion is induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines in a variety of CNS diseases characterized by tissue-destructive pathology.Fil: Miraglia, Maria Cruz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral Prof. R. A. Margni; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo; ArgentinaFil: Scian, Romina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Est.de la Inmunidad Humoral Prof.r.a.margni;Fil: Garcia Samartino, Clara. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral Prof. R. A. Margni; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo; ArgentinaFil: Barrionuevo, Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral Prof. R. A. Margni; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo; ArgentinaFil: Baldi, Pablo Cesar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral Prof. R. A. Margni; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo; ArgentinaFil: Cassataro, Juliana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral Prof. R. A. Margni; ArgentinaFil: Delpino, María Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral Prof. R. A. Margni; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo; ArgentinaFil: Giambartolomei, Guillermo Hernan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral Prof. R. A. Margni; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo; ArgentinaFil: Rodríguez, Ana María. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Hospital de Clínicas General San Martin; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Ibañez, Andres Esteban. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral Prof. R. A. Margni; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo; ArgentinaFil: Coria, Lorena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral Prof. R. A. Margni; ArgentinaFil: Velasquez, Lis Noelia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral Prof. R. A. Margni; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo; Argentin

El fortalecimiento del pensamiento científico de niños y niñas en grado jardín mediante taller como estrategia pedagógica

El presente proyecto es la evidencia de una indagación, exploración y observación sistemática para conocer y tener un acercamiento profundo al entorno del grado Jardín del Gimnasio Santa María de la Colina, con el fin de implementar talleres como estrategia para fortalecer el desarrollo del pensamiento científico. De acuerdo a esto; se busca potencializar las características del desarrollo teniendo en cuenta la edad de los niños y las niñas. Lo cual, se hace a través de la ampliación del pensamiento científico en los niños y niñas pertenecientes al grado de Jardín, pues esto les permitirá la exploración con los fenómenos de su cotidianidad y por ende una mejor comprensión de la realidad para intervenirla crítica y constructivamente. Por esta razón, no se trata entonces de la implementación de algo nuevo en sustitución de otra cosa que ya no funciona, sino de poner en funcionamiento elementos de pensamiento científico que hagan posible la justificación de una realidad argumentativa y con mayores posibilidades de conocimiento por su mundo

El fortalecimiento del pensamiento científico de niños y niñas en grado jardín mediante taller como estrategia pedagógica

El presente proyecto es la evidencia de una indagación, exploración y observación sistemática para conocer y tener un acercamiento profundo al entorno del grado Jardín del Gimnasio Santa María de la Colina, con el fin de implementar talleres como estrategia para fortalecer el desarrollo del pensamiento científico. De acuerdo a esto; se busca potencializar las características del desarrollo teniendo en cuenta la edad de los niños y las niñas. Lo cual, se hace a través de la ampliación del pensamiento científico en los niños y niñas pertenecientes al grado de Jardín, pues esto les permitirá la exploración con los fenómenos de su cotidianidad y por ende una mejor comprensión de la realidad para intervenirla crítica y constructivamente. Por esta razón, no se trata entonces de la implementación de algo nuevo en sustitución de otra cosa que ya no funciona, sino de poner en funcionamiento elementos de pensamiento científico que hagan posible la justificación de una realidad argumentativa y con mayores posibilidades de conocimiento por su mundo

Development of a Clinical Practice Guideline for Lower Limb Amputees. A Knowledge Translation Process in a Middle Income Country

Background and AimKnowledge translation processes are necessary for improving patients' and communities' health outcomes. The aim of this study was to systematically develop evidence-based recommendations for people over 16 years of age who are in risk for or have suffered a lower limb amputation for medical reasons (vascular, diabetes mellitus) or trauma (civilian or military trauma) in order to improve function, quality of life, decrease complications and morbidity.MethodsFollowing the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach we developed a Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG) for lower limb amputees with funding from the Ministry of Health in Colombia and participation of a multidisciplinary group. We included patients' preferences. Based on the scope, purposes and objectives the questions were elaborated with the PECOT strategy. The evidence search was performed for each question in the main databases: Cochrane Library, Embase and PubMed, without time limit or language restriction. Teams were formed with thematic experts and clinical epidemiologists to review the clinical studies, describe the evidence, and evaluate the quality of the body of evidence with the GRADE methodology. The recommendations were made according to the judgments proposed by the GRADE working group. We conducted a stakeholder's dialogue as a mechanism for the external validation of the guideline implementation.ResultsThe CPG included 43 recommendations related to the diagnosis, surgical treatment, rehabilitation, prescription and adaptation of the prosthesis. They were strong in favor 37.2, weak in favor 53.5, strong against 2.3, Weak against 7.0%. Quality of evidence was high in 0, moderate in 11.6, low in 58.1, and very low 30.2%.DiscussionIn 93% of the recommendations, the quality of the evidence was between low and very low. This is why it was so important to validate and discuss each recommendation with an expanded multidisciplinary group. The research group identified 25 interventions and five milestones to be prioritized in the implementation and in the stakeholder's dialogue participants identified opportunities and barriers for implementation of recommendations.ConclusionIt is necessary to develop a national policy for implementation strategies of CPG recommendations that promotes the necessary arrangements for the provision of services for diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of individuals with amputations

Lipophosphoglycans from \u3cem\u3eLeishmania amazonensis\u3c/em\u3e Strains Display Immunomodulatory Properties via TLR4 and Do Not Affect Sand Fly Infection

The immunomodulatory properties of lipophosphoglycans (LPG) from New World species of Leishmania have been assessed in Leishmania infantum and Leishmania braziliensis, the causative agents of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis, respectively. This glycoconjugate is highly polymorphic among species with variation in sugars that branch off the conserved Gal(β1,4)Man(α1)-PO4 backbone of repeat units. Here, the immunomodulatory activity of LPGs from Leishmania amazonensis, the causative agent of diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis, was evaluated in two strains from Brazil. One strain (PH8) was originally isolated from the sand fly and the other (Josefa) was isolated from a human case. The ability of purified LPGs from both strains was investigated during in vitro interaction with peritoneal murine macrophages and CHO cells and in vivo infection with Lutzomyia migonei. In peritoneal murine macrophages, the LPGs from both strains activated TLR4. Both LPGs equally activate MAPKs and the NF-κB inhibitor p-IκBα, but were not able to translocate NF-κB. In vivo experiments with sand flies showed that both stains were able to sustain infection in L. migonei. A preliminary biochemical analysis indicates intraspecies variation in the LPG sugar moieties. However, they did not result in different activation profiles of the innate immune system. Also those polymorphisms did not affect infectivity to the sand fly

Time trends and social inequalities in child malnutrition: nationwide estimates from Brazil's food and nutrition surveillance system, 2009-2017

Objective In Brazil, national estimates of childhood malnutrition have not been updated since 2006. The use of health information systems is an important complementary data source for analysing time trends on health and nutrition. This study aimed to examine temporal trends and socio-demographic inequalities in the prevalence of malnutrition in children attending primary health care services between 2009 and 2017. Design Time trends study based on data from Brazil's Food and Nutrition Surveillance System. Malnutrition prevalence (stunting, wasting, overweight and double burden) was annually estimated by socio-demographic variables. Prais-Winsten regression models were used to analyse time trends. Annual percent change (APC) and 95 % CI were calculated. Setting Primary health care services, Brazil. Participants Children under 5 years old. Results In total, 15,239,753 children were included. An increase in the prevalence of overweight (APC = 3·4 %; P = 0·015) and a decline in the prevalence of wasting (-6·2 %; P = 0·002) were observed. The prevalence of stunting (-3·2 %, P = 0·359) and double burden (-1·4 %, P = 0·630) had discrete and non-significant reductions. Despite the significant reduction in the prevalence of undernutrition among children in the most vulnerable subgroups (black, conditional cash transfer's recipients and residents of poorest and less developed areas), high prevalence of stunting and wasting persist alongside a disproportionate increase in the prevalence of overweight in these groups. Conclusions The observed pattern in stunting (high and persistent prevalence) and increase in overweight elucidate setbacks in advances already observed in previous periods and stresses the need for social and political strategies to address multiple forms of malnutrition

Countries Response for People With Disabilities During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Background and ObjectivesDuring the Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic, isolation and prevention measures to reduce COVID-19 contagions are essential for the care of all people; these measures should comply with the principles of inclusion and accessibility for people with disabilities (PWD), with all kinds of deficiencies and levels of dependency. Thereby, the aim of this article is to present the measures adopted for PWD or people with rehabilitation needs, for containment, mitigation, or suppression of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in different countries of all continents and of all income levels.MethodsA narrative approach was used in this article. First, a broad search was carried out in the 193 member states of the UN, and then 98 countries that issued any document, report, or information related to disability and COVID-19 were selected. Finally, 32 countries were included in this article because they presented official information. We considered official sources, the information available in the government, or on the health ministry page of the country. In this way, the countries that presented information which did not correspond to an official source were excluded. The search was conducted in August 2020 and updated in March 2021.ResultsFirst, the non-pharmacological general interventions for PWD included informative measures and general recommendations during the stay at home, isolation, and biosecurity measures, contagion prevention, detection of positive cases, mobilization measures, and measures implemented in institutions or residences of PWD. Second, we identified the economic and social benefits provided to PWD during the pandemic. Finally, we identified the measures taken by countries according to the type of impairment (visual, hearing, physical, mental, and cardiopulmonary impairment) during the COVID-19 pandemic.ConclusionIn response to the COVID-19 pandemic, only 50% of countries from the five world regions created and implemented specific measures for PWD to containment, mitigation, or suppression of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. There is very little specific information available about the measures to continue with the care of people with rehabilitation needs and the long-term follow-up of PWD, and for the prevention and response to violence, especially for women with disabilities