Efecto de las dosis de un inmunoesterilizador en cuyes machos destetados sobre el incremento de peso y rendimiento de carcasa Huancayo-2017

RESUMEN En este trabajo se ha estudiado el efecto de las dosis de un inmunoesterilizador en cuyes machos destetados sobre el incremento de peso y rendimiento de carcasa en la ciudad de Huancayo. El estudio se llevó a cabo en el centro experimental del Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA) – Estación experimental Agraria Santa Ana – Huancayo. En total se evaluaron 85 animales distribuidos en cinco tratamientos de 17 animales cada uno, los tratamientos fueron los siguientes teniendo en cuenta las variaciones de dosis del inmunoesterilizador: T1 (0.10 ml), T2 (0.15 ml) T3 (0.20 ml), T4 (0.25 ml) y T5 (Control). Las variables que se midieron fueron peso inicial, peso final, incrementos de peso/día y rendimiento de carcasa. La vacuna anti GnRH de nombre comercial (Bopriva) se administró a los cuyes al inicio del experimento y una segunda dosis a los 21 días. El experimento tuvo una duración en total de 11 semanas. Se tomaron los pesos cada semana hasta la semana 11 en que se beneficiaron los animales. Esta investigación es aplicada experimental, el análisis estadístico fue realizada en base a un análisis de varianza y el diseño estadístico fue un diseño completamente al azar, adicionalmente se realizó una prueba de contingencia para variables categóricas. Los resultados muestran los siguientes resultados en el T1=0.10ml con un peso de 901.87±82.54b , T2=0.15ml con un peso de 925.29±138.88ab , T3=0.20 ml con un peso de 911.17±85.14b, T4=0.25ml con un peso de 996.18±93.08a, T5C= con un peso de 877.14±97.87b, obteniendo con mejor parámetros la dosis de 0.25 ml para el rendimiento de peso vivo, sin embargo para el parámetro rendimiento de carcasa no se encontró diferencias estadísticas en los diferentes tratamientos. Palabras claves: Inmunoesterilización, castración, cuyes, bopriva, GnRHTesi

Cortisol como Indicador Fiable del Estrés en Alpacas y Llamas

Research papers on the measurement of cortisol and its metabolites in alpacas and llamas were reviewed. Plasma, serum, saliva cortisol and fecal cortisol metabolites concentrations increase after stress events. The interpretation of these results should be complemented with additional physiological signs and behavioral observations.Se revisan investigaciones sobre medición de cortisol y sus metabolitos en alpacas y llamas. Las concentraciones de cortisol en muestras de plasma, suero y saliva así como de metabolitos de cortisol en muestras de heces se elevan luego de situaciones de estrés. La interpretación de estos resultados debe complementarse con otros signos fisiológicos y observaciones del comportamiento

Interleukin-1 beta single-nucleotide polymorphism\u27s C allele is associated with elevated risk of gastric cancer in helicobacter pylori-infected Peruvians

Particular alleles of the interleukin-1B (IL-1B) gene have been correlated with increased risk of atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer in the populations of East Asia and Europe. No such data exist from Peru, a developing country with a population genotypically different from others studied and with a high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric cancer. We conducted a case-control study comparing 334 hospitalized patients with atrophic gastritis or gastric cancer with 158 nonatrophic gastritis patients (controls). Conditional logistic regression analysis revealed that an increased risk of atrophic gastritis (odds ratio, 5.60) and gastric cancer (odds ratio, 2.36) was associated with the IL-1B-511 C allele. Our study is the first to establish this allele as a risk for these conditions. Given the high prevalence of H. pylori and recurrence rate after treatment, IL-1B-511 single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis may identify those individuals who would benefit most from robust H. pylori eradication efforts in Peru

Actividad antibacteriana del aceite esencial de Minthostachys mollis Griseb “Ruyaq muña”

The aim of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of essential oil Minthostachys mollis “ruyaq muña”, against Helicobacter pylori, Shigella dysenteriae, Salmonella typhi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The leaves of M. mollis were collected in the district of Huamanguilla (3000-3200 m.s.n.m), Huanta province, Ayacucho region. The essential oil obtained by distillation with water vapor drag. The antibacterial activity was determined by plate cultive excavation method, resulting in order of sensitivity, for S. dysenteriae 21.41 mm; H. pylori 17,07 mm; S. typhi 14.25 mm and P. aeruginosa 11.45 mm. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) for H. pylori were determined by the microplate dilution method, resulting in 2 μg/mL. For the other bacteria was determined by the dilution method, being for S. dysenteriae 4 μg/ml, S. typhi 4 μg/ mL, and P. aeruginosa 9 μg/mL and MIC 10 μg/ml of CMB. The percentages of inhibition compared with ciprofloxacin, were: H. pylori 177,2;, S. dysenteriae 126,11; S. typhi 63,44 and P. aeruginosa 42,29 and compared with chloramphenicol: P. aeruginosa of 225,56; S. dysenteriae 171,97; S. typhi 135,95 and H. pylori 92.86. The essential oil density is 0,9029 g/mL, refractive index 1,56689 and the percentage yield 2.4 v/p. Was showed presence of phenols, which validate the antimicrobial activity of essential oil of M. mollis.El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar la actividad antibacteriana del aceite esencial de Minthostachys mollis “ruyaq muña” frente a Helicobacter pylori, Shigella dysenteriae, Salmonella typhi y Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Las hojas de M. mollis se colectaron en el distrito de Huamanguilla (3000-3200 msnm), provincia de Huanta, región Ayacucho. El aceite esencial se obtuvo por destilación con arrastre de vapor de agua. La actividad antibacteriana se determinó por el método de excavación placa cultivo; resultando en orden de sensibilidad, para S. dysenteriae 21,41 mm; H. pylori 17,07 mm; S. typhi 14,25 mm y P. aeruginosa 11,45 mm. La concentración mínima inhibitoria (CMI) y la concentración mínima bactericida (CMB) para H. pylori se determinó por el método de dilución en microplacas, resultando 2 μg/mL. Para las demás bacterias se determinó por el método de dilución, siendo para S. dysenteriae 4 μg/mL, S. typhi 4 μg/mL, y P. aeruginosa 9 μg/mL de CMI y 10 μg/mL de CMB. Los porcentajes de inhibición comparados con ciprofloxacino, fueron: H. pylori 177,27; S. dysenteriae 126,11; S. typhi 63,44 y P. aeruginosa 42,29 y comparado con cloranfenicol: P. aeruginosa de 225,56; S. dysenteriae 171,97; S. typhi 135,95 y H. pylori 92,86. La densidad del aceite esencial es 0,9029 g/mL, índice de refracción 1,56689 y el porcentaje de rendimiento 2,4 v/p. Se detectó presencia de fenoles, los que validan la actividad antimicrobiana del aceite esencial de M. mollis

Cluster of Type IV Secretion Genes in Helicobacter pylori's Plasticity Zone

Some genes present in only certain strains of the genetically diverse gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori may affect its phenotype and/or evolutionary potential. Here we describe a new 16.3-kb segment, 7 of whose 16 open reading frames are homologs of type IV secretion genes (virB4, virB7 to virB11, and virD4), the third such putative secretion gene cluster found in H. pylori. This segment, to be called tfs3, was discovered by subtractive hybridization and chromosome walking. Full-length and truncated tfs3 elements were found in 20 and 19%, respectively, of 94 strains tested, which were from Spain, Peru, India, and Japan. A tfs3 remnant (6 kb) was found in an archived stock of reference strain J99, although it was not included in this strain's published genome sequence. PCR and DNA sequence analyses indicated the following. (i) tfs3's ends are conserved. (ii) Right-end insertion occurred at one specific site in a chromosomal region that is varied in gene content and arrangement, the “plasticity zone.” (iii) Left-end insertion occurred at different sites in each of nine strains studied. (iv) Sequences next to the right-end target in tfs3-free strains were absent from most strains carrying full-length tfs3 elements. These patterns suggested insertion by a transposition-like event, but one in which targets are chosen with little or no specificity at the left end and high specificity at the right end, thereby deleting the intervening DNA

Transposable Element ISHp608 of Helicobacter pylori: Nonrandom Geographic Distribution, Functional Organization, and Insertion Specificity

A new member of the IS605 transposable element family, designated ISHp608, was found by subtractive hybridization in Helicobacter pylori. Like the three other insertion sequences (ISs) known in this gastric pathogen, it contains two open reading frames (orfA and orfB), each related to putative transposase genes of simpler (one-gene) elements in other prokaryotes; orfB is also related to the Salmonella virulence gene gipA. PCR and hybridization tests showed that ISHp608 is nonrandomly distributed geographically: it was found in 21% of 194 European and African strains, 14% of 175 Bengali strains, 43% of 131 strains from native Peruvians and Alaska natives, but just 1% of 223 East Asian strains. ISHp608 also seemed more abundant in Peruvian gastric cancer strains than gastritis strains (9 of 14 versus 15 of 45, respectively; P = 0.04). Two ISHp608 types differing by ∼11% in DNA sequence were identified: one was widely distributed geographically, and the other was found only in Peruvian and Alaskan strains. Isolates of a given type differed by ≤2% in DNA sequence, but several recombinant elements were also found. ISHp608 marked with a resistance gene was found to (i) transpose in Escherichia coli; (ii) generate simple insertions during transposition, not cointegrates; (iii) insert downstream of the motif 5"-TTAC without duplicating target sequences; and (iv) require orfA but not orfB for its transposition. ISHp608 represents a widespread family of novel chimeric mobile DNA elements whose further analysis should provide new insights into transposition mechanisms and into microbial population genetic structure and genome evolution