1,569 research outputs found
Childhood Maltreatment Predictors of Trait Impulsivity
This chapter provides a summary of empirical evidence linking childhood maltreatment and trait impulsivity. While biological contributors to impulsivity may be substantial, this review speculates that childhood and adolescent contributors may potentially alter the developmental trajectory of this personality trait in important ways. An analysis of original data (N = 401) regarding child maltreatment associations (childhood sexual abuse, physical abuse, sibling abuse, peer bullying, corporal punishment, and exposure to domestic violence) with trait impulsivity as measured by the Personality Inventory for the DSM-5 was also conducted. Adult respondents were assigned to extreme child abuse categories based on their retrospective self-reports. Co-occurrence rates for the various forms of maltreatment were modest (around 10%). While childhood sexual abuse was more closely associated with adult impulsivity among the men than the women, gender differences in these maltreatment relationships were otherwise minimal. Extreme childhood sexual abuse was a significant predictor of trait impulsivity and all other facets of the PID-5 Disinhibition domain (ds ranging from .52 to .80). Adult impulsivity was predicted by both childhood physical abuse (ds ranging from .23 to .28) and exposure to domestic violence during childhood (ds ranging from .21 to .32). The relative risk of adult respondents showing an elevation (\u3e 1.5 SDs) in trait Impulsivity was raised substantially by childhood histories of extreme sexual abuse (RR = 8.68), physical abuse (RR = 3.31), or exposure to parental domestic violence (RR = 4.08). Higher order interactions between these various forms of childhood maltreatment and Impulsivity were not found. The developmental psychopathology implications of these findings are discussed along with suggested directions for future research
Mjerenje vremena poluraspada 8Li
The β-decay half-life of 8Li has been measured along with in a β-NMR experiment, using thermal 8Li atoms adsorbed in ultra high vacuum on a silicon single crystal surface. A special hardware-based scaler electronics was used to circumvent part of the dead time corrections. The half-life is found to be (839.60 Âą 1.06) ms, in accordance with previous experiments.Mjerili smo vrijeme poluraspada u β-raspadu 8Li (uz eksperiment β-NMR) rabeÄi termiÄke 8Li atome koji su bili adsorbirani na povrĹĄini monokristala Si u ultravisokom vakuumu. Primijenili smo poseban elektroniÄki brojaÄki sustav radi izbjegavanja dijela popravki za mrtvo vrijeme. Ishod za vrijeme poluraspada je (839.60 Âą 1.06) ms, i on je u skladu s ranijim mjerenjima
A new segment of the trochlear nerve: cadaveric study with application to skull base surgery
ObjectivesâThe trochlear nerve is important to preserve during approaches to the skull base. Traditionally, this nerve has been divided into cisternal, cavernous, and orbital segments. However, the authors anecdotally observed an additional segment during routine cadaveric dissections. Therefore, they performed this study to better elucidate this anatomy. DesignâTwenty latex-injected cadaveric sides (10 adult cadavers) were dissected with the aid of an operating microscope. Standard microdissection techniques were used to examine the course of the distal cisternal and precavernous segments of the trochlear nerve. SettingâCadaver laboratory. Main Outcome MeasuresâMeasurements were made using a microcaliper. Digital images were made of the dissections. ResultsâThe authors identified a previously undescribed segment of the trochlear nerve in all specimens. This part of the nerve coursed between the entrance of the trochlear nerve into the posterior corner of the oculomotor trigone to the posterior wall of the cavernous sinus. This segment of trochlear nerve was, on average, 4âmm in length. ConclusionsâThe authors have identified a new segment of the trochlear nerve not previously described. They propose that this be referred to as the trigonal segment. Knowledge of the microanatomy of the trochlear nerve is useful to skull base surgeons
On the stability of the dorsal pattern of European cave salamanders (genus Hydromantes)
Photographic identification is an emerging method for recognising wild animals. This harmless methodology allows researchers
to identify \u201cnaturally marked\u201d individuals and therefore study their specific ecology and behaviour. However, before incurring
potential data loss, it is recommended to test the methodology on the target species and evaluate the pros and cons. We assessed the reliability of photographic identification in adult Hydromantes salamanders from three species. Specifically, we assessed whether the dorsal pattern of adult salamanders changed over time, thus evaluating its potential use as a reliable marking methodology. We used capture-mark-recapture and controlled conditions (i.e. individuals kept in fauna boxes) to evaluate potential changes in the dorsal pattern of Hydromantes through time. We did not observe any change in the dorsal pattern in the three species during the study period. Photographic identification might be a useful marking technique for these endangered species. However, these animals are usually found in environments generally lacking light and thus, researchers must be careful in setting up proper light conditions to produce suitable pictures for individual identification of Hydromantes
Generic Fibrational Induction
This paper provides an induction rule that can be used to prove properties of
data structures whose types are inductive, i.e., are carriers of initial
algebras of functors. Our results are semantic in nature and are inspired by
Hermida and Jacobs' elegant algebraic formulation of induction for polynomial
data types. Our contribution is to derive, under slightly different
assumptions, a sound induction rule that is generic over all inductive types,
polynomial or not. Our induction rule is generic over the kinds of properties
to be proved as well: like Hermida and Jacobs, we work in a general fibrational
setting and so can accommodate very general notions of properties on inductive
types rather than just those of a particular syntactic form. We establish the
soundness of our generic induction rule by reducing induction to iteration. We
then show how our generic induction rule can be instantiated to give induction
rules for the data types of rose trees, finite hereditary sets, and
hyperfunctions. The first of these lies outside the scope of Hermida and
Jacobs' work because it is not polynomial, and as far as we are aware, no
induction rules have been known to exist for the second and third in a general
fibrational framework. Our instantiation for hyperfunctions underscores the
value of working in the general fibrational setting since this data type cannot
be interpreted as a set.Comment: For Special Issue from CSL 201
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