INFLUENCIA DE LAS UNIDADES DE CURADO LED Y LUZ HALÓGENA SOBRE LA RESISTENCIA COMPRESIVA DE LAS RESINAS COMPUESTAS

El objetivo de este trabajo fue el de comparar la resistencia a compresión de tres diferentes marcas de resinas compuestas. Filtek Supreme (3M-ESPE), Charisma (Heraus-Kulzer), y Teric Ceram (Ivoclar- Vivadent), utilizando dos fuentes de fotopolimerización (Optilght,Gnathus y Ultraled (Dabi Atlante). Las muestras fueron confeccionadas con dimensiones de 8x4mm; utilizando la técnica incremental y donde fue variada la fuente de luz activadora. En total fueron confeccionados 48 especímenes divididos en 6 grupos conteniendo 8 muestras cada uno. Para los grupos G1 (Filtek Supreme); G3 (Tetric Ceram) e G5 (Charisma) fue utilizada una lámpara de luz halógena; para los grupos G2 (Filtek Supreme); G4 (Tetric Ceram) e G6 (Charisma) fue utilizada una unidad de fotopolimerización por LEDs. El tiempo de polimerización fue el mismo recomendado por los propios fabricantes. Todas las muestras fueron almacenadas en recipientes plásticos negros herméticamente tapados durante 24 horas. Los ensayos mecánicos de compresión fueron realizados usando una Maquina Universal de Ensayos EMIC DL 2000, con célula de carga de 2000kgf con velocidad de acción de 0,5mm/minuto hasta producir la fractura. Los datos obtenidos fueron analizados usando los tests estadísticos ANOVA/Tukey (p<0,005). Las medias encontradas en MPa fueron: G1 248.37; G 2193.75; G3 222.00; G4 195.87; G5 280.37; G6 205.25. Se observó que las resinas compuestas Filtek Supreme y Charisma polimerizadas por luz halógena presentaron los valores de resistencia a compresión estadísticamente superiores a los mostrados por los grupos polimerizados con LEDs. El grupo de Tetric Ceram no mostró diferencia estadísticamente significante. El grupo 5 mostró valores superiores en relación a los otros grupos, siendo estadísticamente diferente de los grupos 2,3,4,6. El grupo 2 mostró los menores valores, siendo estadísticamente diferente de los grupos 1 y 5. Por los resultados obtenidos puede concluirse de que las resinas fotopolimerizadas por luz halógena presentaron los mejores resultados de resistencia a compresión con excepción de la resina compuesta Tetric Ceram.ABSTRACTThis study main purpose was to evaluate the mechanical response of three different resin composite brands; Filtek Supreme, Charisma and Tetric Ceram cured by halogen or light emitting diode - LED (Optilght,Gnathus e Ultraled, Dabi Atlante). A nylon mold 4-mm in diameter and 8-mm in depth was used to obtain forty eight specimens dived in 6 groups of 8 varying the light-curing unit; G1 Filtek Supreme, G3 Tetric, G5 Charisma cured by halogen light-curing unit, and G2 Filtek Supreme, G4 Tetric, G6 Charisma cured by LED. The resin composites were inserted according to the incremental method. The resin composites were light cured according to the manufactures' instructions. The specimens were kept in plastic containers airtightly closed for 24 hours. In order to perform the evaluation, an EMIC DL 2000 was used at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/minute and a charge cell of 2000 Kg strength. The statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test at a p<0.05 significance level. The mean were G1 248.37, G2 193.75, G3 222.00, G4 195.87, G5 280.37, G6 205.25. In conclusion, the resin composites light-cured by halogen scored higher in the compressive strength test. In the Tetric Ceram group there were no statistically relevant results

Sustained reduction of the dengue vector population resulting from an integrated control strategy applied in two Brazilian cities

Submitted by Kamylla Nascimento ([email protected]) on 2017-12-12T14:04:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 art. Sustained Reduction - regis.pdf: 1717708 bytes, checksum: 17432badc1f472a47a0d00ecf62d4546 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Kamylla Nascimento ([email protected]) on 2017-12-13T11:24:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 art. Sustained Reduction - regis.pdf: 1717708 bytes, checksum: 17432badc1f472a47a0d00ecf62d4546 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-13T11:24:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 art. Sustained Reduction - regis.pdf: 1717708 bytes, checksum: 17432badc1f472a47a0d00ecf62d4546 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013Este trabalho recebeu apoio financeiro de bolsas do CNPq, http://www.cnpq.br (PQ-301277 / 2005-2 e APQ-479214 / 2010-7); FACEPE, http://www.facepe.br (APQ-0692-2.13 / 08); e PDTSP-FIOCRUZ, http://www.fiocruz.br (RDVE-03). O Departamento de Saúde do Estado de Pernambuco ofereceu transporte terrestre para pessoas e materiais relacionados ao projeto de Recife para Santa Cruz do Capibaribe e Ipojuca, durante 2008-2011. Os financiadores não tiveram papel no desenho do estudo, na coleta e análise de dados, na decisão de publicação ou na elaboração do manuscrito.Fundaçao Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Aggeu Magalhães. Departamento de Entomologia. Recife, PE, Brasil.Secretaria Estadual de Saúde. Recife, PE, Brazil.Fundaçao Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Aggeu Magalhães. Departamento de Entomologia. Recife, PE, Brasil.Fundaçao Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Aggeu Magalhães. Departamento de Entomologia. Recife, PE, Brasil.Fundaçao Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Aggeu Magalhães. Departamento de Saúde Coletiva. Recife, PE, Brasil.Secretaria Municipal de Saúde. Santa Cruz do Capibaribe, PE, Brazil.Secretaria Municipal de Saúde. Ipojuca, PE, Brazil.Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais-INPE. Divisão de Processamento de Imagens. São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.Fundaçao Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Aggeu Magalhães. Departamento de Entomologia. Recife, PE, Brasil.Fundaçao Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Aggeu Magalhães. Departamento de Entomologia. Recife, PE, Brasil.Fundaçao Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Aggeu Magalhães. Departamento de Parasitologia. Recife, PE, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Departameto de Eletrônica e Sistemas. Recife, PE, Brazil.Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Departameto de Eletrônica e Sistemas. Recife, PE, Brazil.Universidade Federal do Paraná. Departameto de Estatística. Curitiba, PR, Brazil.Universidade Federal do Paraná. Departameto de Estatística. Curitiba, PR, Brazil.Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais-INPE. Centro de Ciência do Sistema Terrestre. São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.Fundaçao Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.Fundaçao Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Aggeu Magalhães. Departamento de Virologia. Recife, PE, Brasil.Aedes aegypti has developed evolution-driven adaptations for surviving in the domestic human habitat. Several trap models have been designed considering these strategies and tested for monitoring this efficient vector of Dengue. Here, we report a real-scale evaluation of a system for monitoring and controlling mosquito populations based on egg sampling coupled with geographic information systems technology. The SMCP-Aedes, a system based on open technology and open data standards, was set up from March/2008 to October/2011 as a pilot trial in two sites of Pernambuco -Brazil: Ipojuca (10,000 residents) and Santa Cruz (83,000), in a joint effort of health authorities and staff, and a network of scientists providing scientific support. A widespread infestation by Aedes was found in both sites in 2008-2009, with 96.8%-100% trap positivity. Egg densities were markedly higher in SCC than in Ipojuca. A 90% decrease in egg density was recorded in SCC after two years of sustained control pressure imposed by suppression of >7,500,000 eggs and >3,200 adults, plus larval control by adding fishes to cisterns. In Ipojuca, 1.1 million mosquito eggs were suppressed and a 77% reduction in egg density was achieved. This study aimed at assessing the applicability of a system using GIS and spatial statistic analysis tools for quantitative assessment of mosquito populations. It also provided useful information on the requirements for reducing well-established mosquito populations. Results from two cities led us to conclude that the success in markedly reducing an Aedes population required the appropriate choice of control measures for sustained mass elimination guided by a user-friendly mosquito surveillance system. The system was able to support interventional decisions and to assess the program's success. Additionally, it created a stimulating environment for health staff and residents, which had a positive impact on their commitment to the dengue control program

Results of indoor collection of mosquitoes in health care unities in Santa Cruz do Capibaribe-PE.

<p>Number of positive sites out of 17 surveyed health care unities (HCU), and mean number of adult <i>Aedes aegypti</i> collected through indoor aspirations carried out fortnightly or monthly in HCU in Santa Cruz do Capibaribe-PE, from February 2009 to October 2011.</p

Smoothed spatial distribution of <i>Aedes</i> eggs at the high density period (May-June) in Ipojuca, Brazil, 2008–2011.

<p>Kernel maps based on the number of eggs deposed in one sentinel-ovitrap during one month. Data from a sentinel network of 75 ovitraps distributed over a 0.8 km² urban area. Mass suppression of eggs using 2700 control-ovitraps started in October 2009.</p

<i>Aedes</i> eggs trapped in bimonthly cycles.

<p>Estimated amounts of eggs suppressed at every two months through continuous mass-trapping using approximately 2700 control-traps with Bti in the Municipal Seat of Ipojuca (A) and 5700 in Santa Cruz do Capibaribe (B), from October 2009 to October 2011.</p

Kernel smoothed egg distribution in Santa Cruz do Capibaribe-PE, Brasil, 2008 to 2011.

<p>Maps are based on eggs laid in 262 sentinel-ovitraps during low and high egg density seasons, before (May/2008 to Sept/2009) and during (Oct/2009 to Oct/2011) integrated control measures including mass-suppression of eggs using 5700 control-ovitraps, and larvivorous fishes added to around 7 thousand cisterns. The same scale was used for all compared kernel maps. For each survey, a self-scale kernel map was also constructed to highlight hotspots, as that shown on the bottom of the middle column, for July 2011.</p

<i>Aedes</i> eggs collected in sentinel-ovitraps in Santa Cruz do Capibaribe (A) and Ipojuca MS (B).

<p>Median, and 75 and 25 percentiles for the quantitative series of collected eggs before (May/2008 to Sept/2009) and during (Oct/2009 to Oct/2011) the SMCP-<i>Aedes</i> control interventions.</p

Spatial distribution of <i>Aedes</i> eggs in Santa Cruz do Capibaribe-PE, Brazil, in 2009.

<p>Each kernel smoothed map of egg densities is based on the number of eggs deposited throughout one month in 262 sentinel-ovitraps placed over a 5.6 km² urban area in Santa Cruz do Capibaribe, at different times along 2009.</p