AN EVALUATION OF GEOGRAPHIC TARGETING IN BOLSA ALIMENTAÇÃO IN BRAZIL

We evaluate the effectiveness of targeting for Brazil's Bolsa Alimentação, a nutrition-oriented cash transfer program conditioned on beneficiary participation in health activities. Geographic targeting of program funds relied on adjusted estimates of municipality child stunting prevalence, or a malnutrition map. This evaluation provides new estimates of municipality child stunting prevalence for Brazil. The improved estimates indicate moderate budgetary misallocation from geographic targeting. However, when geographic targeting errors are combined with those arising from an inconsistency between geographic and household targeting objectives, undercoverage of children at greatest risk of stunting is potentially large.Agricultural and Food Policy,

Methods for analysing complex panel data using multilevel models with an application to the Brazilian labour force survey

Data sets commonly used in the social sciences are often obtained by sample surveys with complex designs. These designs usually incorporate a multistage selection from a population with a natural hierarchical structure. In addition, these surveys can also be carried out in a repeated manner including a rotating panel design, which is a source of planned non-response. Unplanned non-response is also present in panel data in the form of panel attrition and intermittent nonresponse.Methods are developed to handle this type of data complexity. These methods follow the Multilevel Model framework which is reviewed. Longitudinal growth curve models accounting for the complex data hierarchy are fitted. Recognizing the need to account for the complex correlation structure present in the data, multivariate multilevel models are then adopted. Alternative modified correlation structures accounting for the rotating sample design are proposed. Multivariate multilevel models are fitted utilizing these alternative correlation structures. In addition, models estimated using robust methods are compared with those estimated using standard methods.A method for calculating a set of longitudinal sample weights that accounts for attrition is proposed. Models utilising the conditional sample weights and longitudinal weights are fitted using the Probability-weighted Iterative Generalized Least Squares (PWIGLS) estimation method. Furthermore, an extension to PWIGLS for multivariate multilevel models is developed. Models fitted through different estimation methods are compared and the best approaches are suggested.Data from the Brazilian labour force survey, Pesquisa Mensal de Emprego (PME) are used. The PME has a complex sampling design that includes a multistage selection of the sample units and a rotating panel design characterised as 4-8-4. The methods developed are used to investigate the labour income dynamics of employed heads of households in the PME survey

Domesticidade, trabalho e satisfação pessoal: horas no trabalho doméstico e bem-estar no Estado do Rio de Janeiro

Resumo Este artigo apresenta alguns resultados de pesquisa realizada no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, entre os anos de 2013 e 2014, a qual investigou a compatibilização da vida familiar com o trabalho pago e as mediações de gênero nesse processo. Através da seleção de parte dos dados, o trabalho sugere que além dos impactos em esferas públicas sobre as oportunidades e as carreiras no mercado de trabalho, e/ou sobre a presença em espaços políticos, bastante discutida nas últimas décadas, a distribuição desigual de trabalho doméstico tem efeitos sobre as percepções de bem-estar dos indivíduos sobre o seu bem-estar. Tais percepções são aqui enfocadas em termos de efeitos na subjetividade sobre esse balanceamento, e não das condições materiais de consumo ou bens. O artigo mostra que, em se tratando de relações de gênero, isso não ocorre de maneira indiferenciada. Atividades e práticas de sociabilidade, assim como níveis de “satisfação” apresentam respostas diferenciadas para homens e mulheres, evidenciando, mais uma vez, que padrões desiguais de responsabilidades e envolvimentos domésticos e familiares são problemáticas sociais, e não problemas de escolhas individuais. Palavras-chave: divisão sexual do trabalho, gênero e trabalho doméstico, família e gênero, família e trabalho remunerado, cuidado e gênero.   Abstract The article presents some data from a study carried out in the state of Rio de Janeiro in 2014, on reconciliation between paid work and family life and gender mediations in that balance. By selecting part of the data, the article suggests that in addition to impacts in public spheres on the opportunities and careers in the labor market and/or on the presence in political spaces often discussed in recent decades, unequal distribution of domestic work has effects on individuals’ feelings of wellbeing, considered in subjective rather than material terms. However, that does not occur in an undifferentiated way when it comes to gender relations. Men and women have different responses to sociability activities and practices as well as levels of “satisfaction”, showing once again that unequal standards of responsibility and domestic and family involvement are social problems rather than matters of individual choice. Keywords: sexual division of labor, gender and domestic work, family and gender, family and paid work, care and gender

Domesticidade, trabalho e satisfação pessoal: horas no trabalho doméstico e bem-estar no Estado do Rio de Janeiro

The article presents some data from a study carried out in the state of Rio de Janeiro in 2014, on reconciliation between paid work and family life and gender mediations in that balance. By selecting part of the data, the article suggests that in addition to impacts in public spheres on the opportunities and careers in the labor market and/or on the presence in political spaces often discussed in recent decades, unequal distribution of domestic work has effects on individuals' feelings of wellbeing, considered in subjective rather than material terms. However, that does not occur in an undifferentiated way when it comes to gender relations. Men and women have different responses to sociability activities and practices as well as levels of "satisfaction", showing once again that unequal standards of responsibility and domestic and family involvement are social problems rather than matters of individual choice

Desafios do modelo brasileiro de inclusão digital pela escola

Este artigo discute os rumos da política pública de inclusão digital nas escolas com base nos resultados da pesquisa de avaliação de impacto e de processo do Projeto UCA-Total (Um Computador por Aluno) realizada em cinco municípios onde foi implementado no decorrer de 2010 e 2011. A avaliação de impacto, de caráter longitudinal, foi feita através de um survey domiciliar aplicado em duas ondas. A pesquisa de processo associou diversas metodologias qualitativas, como grupos focais, entrevistas e visitas a campo. Limita-se aqui aos resultados derivados da pesquisa de painel, que revelam o baixo nível de aproveitamento do Projeto e um padrão de funcionamento bastante divergente em razão de vantagens e debilidades locais. Seu enorme potencial não foi até hoje completamente aproveitado

AN EVALUATION OF GEOGRAPHIC TARGETING IN BOLSA ALIMENTAÇÃO IN BRAZIL

We evaluate the effectiveness of targeting for Brazil's Bolsa Alimentação, a nutrition-oriented cash transfer program conditioned on beneficiary participation in health activities. Geographic targeting of program funds relied on adjusted estimates of municipality child stunting prevalence, or a malnutrition map. This evaluation provides new estimates of municipality child stunting prevalence for Brazil. The improved estimates indicate moderate budgetary misallocation from geographic targeting. However, when geographic targeting errors are combined with those arising from an inconsistency between geographic and household targeting objectives, undercoverage of children at greatest risk of stunting is potentially large

Bolsa Família: Impacto das transferências de renda sobre a autonomia das mulheres pobres e as relações de gênero

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar alguns resultados empíricos derivados de um survey aplicado na cidade do Recife para estimar os efeitos da política de transferência de renda mais importante do governo federal, o Programa Bolsa Família, sobre a autonomia das mulheres pobres. Pretende-se analisar os efeitos do programa no ambiente familiar, nas relações de gênero e nas oportunidades de inserção ocupacional da população adulta feminina. Com base em logits, vamos estimar probabilidades distintas para mulheres beneciárias e não-beneciárias contra um conjunto importante de fatores que determinam a autonomia das mulheres. Busca-se inferir se receber o benefício do Bolsa Família, entregue às mulheres, amplia seu grau de autonomia no âmbito das relações de gênero. Este artigo não pretende proceder a uma revisão da literatura de gênero sobre autonomia feminina, mas tão so

The use of sample weights in multivariate multilevel models with an application to income data collected by using a rotating panel survey

Longitudinal data from labour force surveys permit the investigation of income dynamics at the individual level. However, the data often originate from surveys with a complex multistage sampling scheme. In addition, the hierarchical structure of the data that is imposed by the different stages of the sampling scheme often represents the natural grouping in the population. Motivated by how income dynamics differ between the formal and informal sectors of the Brazilian economy and the data structure of the Brazilian Labour Force Survey, we extend the probability-weighted iterative generalized least squares estimation method. Our method is used to fit multivariate multilevel models to the Brazilian Labour Force Survey data where the covariance structure between occasions at the individual level is modelled. We conclude that there are significant income differentials and that incorporating the weights in the parameter estimation has some effect on the estimated coefficients and standard errors