Quasigraphite: Density functional theory based predictions of a structure and its properties

Based on density-functional calculations, we propose a carbon-based nanostructure which we call quasigraphite phase. The quasigraphite phase resembles carbon nanotubes welded into planes, which are arranged similar to layers in graphite. It demonstrates a strong stability with respect to temperatures and external strain. The elastic and electronic properties of the proposed structure are discussed.Peer reviewe

Electronic properties of H on vicinal Pt surfaces: A first-principles study

In this work, we use the first-principle density-functional approach to study the electronic structure of a H atom adsorbed on the ideal Pt(111) and vicinal Pt(211) and Pt(331) surfaces. Full three-dimensional potential-energy surfaces (3D PES's) as well as local electronic density of states on various adsorption sites are obtained. The results show that the steps modify the PES considerably. The effect is nonlocal and extends into the region of the (111) terraces. We also find that different type of steps have different kind of influence on the PES when compared to the one of the ideal Pt(111) surface. The full 3D PES's calculated in this work provide a starting point for the theoretical study of vibrational and diffusive dynamics of H adatoms adsorbed on these vicinal surfaces.Comment: 8 pages with 5 figures and 3 tables. In version 2, there have been made some minor changes and a bigger one in Section III.A.1 where the results of the test calculations dealt with the accuracy of the present results have been adde

Koivistonluodon ja Harmaalinnan rantojen stabiliteettitarkastelu

Tiivistelmä. Koivistonluoto ja Harmaalinna sijaitsevat Porissa Kokemäenjoen rannalla. Tämän työn tavoitteena oli selvittää kohdealueiden rantojen stabiliteetti ja siihen vaikuttavat tekijät. Lisäksi tavoitteena oli rajata stabiliteetin kannalta kriittisimmät alueet, sekä arvioida stabiliteetin kehittymistä tulevaisuudessa ja tarkastella korjaavien toimenpiteiden vaikutusta stabiliteettiin. Alueilla on ollut ongelmia stabiliteetin suhteen. Havaittavissa on ollut joen rannan sortumia, minkä lisäksi alueilla rakennukset ovat paikoin lähellä joen rantaa. Tutkittavilla alueilla joen rannat ovat jyrkkiä ja joessa on paikoin syvänteitä. Aiemmin alueella suoritettujen pohjatutkimusten tulosten, luotausaineistojen ja maastomallien perusteella suunniteltiin alueella tehtävät uudet tutkimukset. Uusina tutkimuksina suoritettiin uusi joen pohjan luotaus, paino- ja siipikairauksia, sekä otettiin häiriintyneitä maanäytteitä, jotka tutkittiin Porin kaupungin maalaboratoriossa. Lähtötietojen ja uusien tutkimusten perusteella määritettiin stabiliteetin laskentakohteet. Laskentakohteiden valinnassa huomioitiin joessa tapahtunut eroosio, maanpinnan ja joen uoman geometria, rakennusten sijainti ja maaperän pohjaolosuhteet. Työssä stabiliteetin laskenta suoritettiin 2D- ja 3D-laskentaohjelmistoilla. Laskennassa määritettiin pienimmillään alle yhden olevia kokonaisvarmuuksia. Rakennuksilta lähtevien liukupintojen kokonaisvarmuudet olivat pienimmillään hieman yli yhden, kun vaadittava kokonaisvarmuus on vähintään 1,8. 3D-laskennan tulokset mukailivat 2D-laskennan tuloksia. Lisäarvoa 3D-laskennasta tuo tuloksena saatava liukupinnan laajuus, eli kuinka leveä ja miten suuri tilavuudeltaan sortuma on.Stability analysis of river-banks in Koivistonluoto and Harmaalinna. Abstract. Koivistonluoto and Harmaalinna are located in Pori by the riverside of Kokemäki river. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the stability of the riverbanks in the target regions and the factors affecting on it. Furthermore, the aim was to define the most critical areas for stability, as well as estimate the development of the stability in the future and the effect of corrective actions. There have been problems with stability in the target areas. Failures of the river bank have been detected, along with buildings are located near the riverside. In the target area river banks are steep and there are deep local areas in the river. New investigation was planned by the earlier soil investigations, probing data and terrain models. By the new site investigation probing of the riverbed, weight soundings, vane auger and disturbed samples were accomplished. Disturbed samples were analyzed in the laboratory at the City of Pori. Based on the initial data and the site investigations the targets of the stability calculations were determined. In determining the targets of stability calculations erosion, ground surface’s and riverbed’s geometry, location of buildings and substrate conditions were considered. In this thesis stability calculations were carried out in both 2D- and 3D-softwares. In the stability calculations the lowest factors of safety were under one. The safety factors of slip surfaces from buildings were just over one in their lowest, when the required was 1,8. The results of 3D-stabilty calculations mirrored the results of 2D-calculations. The width and volume of the slip surface can be obtained from 3D-calculations, which adds its value

Open Access This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the creative commons Attribution 4.0 licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the

Background: Evidence from a nursing conference convened in Nigeria in 1973 amongst other things implied that Nigerian nurses are not adequately educated and ill-equipped with prerequisite research skills. Four decades after the first and only initiative that examined the capacity and contribution of Nigerian Nurses to health care research, it is therefore pertinent to revisit the state of nursing research in the country.Aim: To review the academic and research preparedness of Nigerian nurses in conducting research and utilizing research results in healthcare practices. Methods: Literature review of seven published articles on nursing education and research in Nigeria, identified through online data bases; Google Scholar, CINAHL and PubMed. Findings: The findings revealed that majority of nurses in Nigeria had only diploma degree in nursing education. Also, nurses’ involvement and utilization of research was limited and poor even though nursing research was perceived as very important in nursing practice by majority of the nurses. Conclusion: Most nurses are not academically equipped with research skills in Nigeria due to minimal educational qualifications not sufficient for conducting nursing research. There is a compelling need to reassess nursing education and research policies in Nigeria.Key words: Nurses, nursing education, nursing practices, nursing research, research utilization, research skil

Hydrogen interaction with fullerenes: From C[sub 20] to graphene

The paper presents a systematic study of the trends in the interaction of hydrogen with carbon fullerenes versus their curvature, where graphene is taken as the limit of zero curvature. The efficiency of hydrogen incapsulation in fullerenes, penetration into them, and adsorption on their surface are analyzed and discussed. The effects on magnetism are also considered; in particular, it is shown that hydrogen adsorption to some fullerenes induces magnetism to initially nonmagnetic systems. In addition, highly hydrogen-saturated fullerenes are examined and the suitability of fullerenes for hydrogen storage is discussed.Peer reviewe

Hydrogen transport on graphene: Competition of mobility and desorption

The results of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of atomic hydrogen kinetics on graphene are presented. The simulations involve a combination of approaches based on Brenner carbon-hydrogen potential and first-principles force calculations. Both kinds of MD calculations predict very similar qualitative trends and reproduce equally well the features of hydrogen behavior, even such sophisticated modes as long correlated jump chains. Both approaches agree that chemisorbed hydrogen diffusion on graphene is strongly limited by thermal desorption. This limitation rules out long-range diffusion of hydrogen on graphene but does not exclude the short-range hydrogen diffusion contribution to hydrogen cluster nucleation and growth.Peer reviewe

Factors contributing to reported medication administration incidents in patients' homes - A text mining analysis

AIMS: To describe the characteristics of medication administration (MA) incidents reported to have occurred in patients' own homes (reporters' profession, incident types, contributing factors, patient consequence, and most common medications involved) and to identify the connection terms related to the most common contributing factors based on free text descriptions. DESIGN: A retrospective study using descriptive statistical analysis and text mining. METHODS: Medication administration incidents (N = 19,725) reported to have occurred in patients' homes between 2013-2018 in one district in Finland were analysed, describing the data by the reporters' occupation, incident type, contributing factors, and patient consequence. SAS® Text Miner was used to analyse free text descriptions of the MA incidents to understand contributing factors, using concept linking. RESULTS: Most MA incidents were reported by practical (lower level) nurses (77.8%, N = 15,349). The most common category of harm was 'mild harm' (40.1%, N = 7,915) and the most common error type was omissions of drug doses (47.4%, N = 9,343). The medications most commonly described were Marevan [warfarin] (N = 2,668), insulin (N = 811), Furesis [furosemide] (N = 590), antibiotic (N = 446), and Panadol [paracetamol] (N = 416). The contributing factors most commonly reported were 'communication and flow of information' (25.5%, N = 5,038), 'patient and relatives' (22.6%, N = 4,451), 'practices' (9.9%, N = 1,959), 'education and training' (4.8%, N = 949), and 'work environment and resources' (3.0%, N = 598). CONCLUSION: There is need for effective communication and clear responsibilities between home care patients and their relatives and health providers, about MA and its challenges in home environments. Knowledge and skills relating to safe MA are also essential. IMPACT: These findings about MA incidents that have occurred in patients' homes and have been reported by home care professionals demonstrate the need for medication safety improvement in home care

Structure and magnetic properties of adatoms on carbon nanotubes

We use ab initio methods to calculate the physical and electronic properties of carbon adatoms on different characteristic carbon nanotubes. We found that for every tube the energetically favored adsorption geometry is a “bridgelike” structure between two surface carbons, perpendicular to the long axis of the tube. For adsorption perpendicular or parallel to the axis, the calculations show that the adatom is spin polarized, although the magnitude of the magnetic moment depends mainly on the electronic structure of the nanotube itself.Peer reviewe

Factors Related to Medication Administration Incidents in England and Wales Between 2007 and 2016: A Retrospective Trend Analysis

OBJECTIVES The aims of the study were to describe medication administration incidents reported in England and Wales between 2007 and 2016, to identify which factors (reporting year, type of incident, patients' age) are most strongly related to reported severity of medication administration incidents, and to assess the extent to which relevant information was underreported or indeterminate. METHODS Medication administration incidents reported to the National Reporting & Learning System between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2016 were obtained. Characteristics of the data were described using frequencies, and relationships between variables were explored using cross-tabulation. RESULTS A total of 517,384 incident reports were analyzed. Of these, 97.1% (n = 502,379) occurred in acute/general hospitals, mostly on wards (69.1%, n = 357,463), with medicine the most common specialty area (44.5%, n = 230,205). Medication errors were most commonly omitted doses (25.8%, n = 133,397). The majority did not cause patient harm (83.5%, n = 432,097). When only incidents causing severe harm or death (n = 1,116) were analyzed, the most common type of error was omitted doses (24.1%). Most incidents causing severe harm or death occurred in patients aged 56 years or older. For the 10-year period, the percentage of incidents with “no harm” increased (74.1% in 2007 to 86.3% in 2016). For some variables, data were often missing or indeterminate, which has implications for data analysis. CONCLUSIONS Medication administration incidents that do not cause harm are increasingly reported, whereas incidents reported as severe harm and death have declined. Data quality needs to be improved. Underreporting and indeterminate data, inaccuracies in reporting, and coding jeopardize the overall usefulness of these data

Spousal Presence as a Nonpharmacological Pain Management during Childbirth: A Pilot Study.

Background. Measures of spousal effect during parturient pain should take a tripartite approach involving the parturients, spouses, and midwives. Aim. To develop and validate three questionnaires measuring spousal presence in management of parturient pain in Nigeria. Methods. There are two phases: (1) development of questionnaires, Abuja Instrument for Midwives (AIM), Abuja Instrument for Parturient Pain (AIPP), and Abuja Instrument for Parturient Spouses (AIPS), utilizing literatures, Kuopio instrument for fathers (KIF) and expertise of health professionals, and (2) pilot study to validate the questionnaires which were administered in two hospitals in Nigeria: midwives (n = 10), parturients (n = 10), and spouses (n = 10).  Results. Internal consistency for the three questionnaires indicated Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.789 (AIM), 0.802 (AIPP), and 0.860 (AIPS), while test-retest reliability was r = 0.99 (AIM), r = 0.99 (AIPP), and r = 0.90 (AIPS). Conclusions. AIM, AIPP, and AIPS provide a means of investigating the effectiveness of spousal presence in management of parturient pain in Nigeria. However, further testing of each instrument is needed in a larger population to replicate the beneficial findings of AIMS, AIPP, and AIPS which can contribute rigor to future studies