Does music induce emotions through psychological mechanisms? : An experimental study of self-reported and psychophysiological measures

Juslin and Västfjäll introduced a theoretical framework aiming to explain how music can induce emotions. The framework contains seven psychological mechanisms, which explain how emotions are induced. The aim of the present study was to investigate how four of these psychological mechanisms would induce emotion both with self-reported feelings and psychophysiological measurement using a systematical design. The results showed that different psychological mechanisms induced different kind of emotions both as bodily responses and subjective feelings. These results supported that the theoretical framework is a valid explanation of how music induces emotions

Non-Linear Latent Variable Models: A Study of Factor Score Approaches

Non-linear latent variable models are associated with problems which are difficult to handle in applied sciences. Four methods for estimating factor scores, with the purpose of estimating latent variable models with an interaction term, were investigated. The LISREL procedure provided inconsistent estimates of the interaction term for all sample sizes and distributions of the latent exogenous variables. The Bartlett-Thompson approach yielded consistent estimates only when the distribution of the latent exogenous variables was normal, whereas the Hoshino-Bentler and adjusted LISREL approaches yielded consistency for all distributions of the latent exogenous variables. In the Bartlett-Thompson and LISREL approaches the interaction term is formed from multiplying latent variable scores, whereas in the Hoshino-Bentler and adjusted LISREL approaches the interaction term is treated as yet another factor which is freely estimated. It was, hence, concluded that the methods treating the interaction term as a factor were more appropriate (in terms of consistency and robustness) than those using products of factor scores for estimating the latent variable model

X-ray Spectroscopic Studies of Materials for Nuclear Technology

X-ray spectroscopic experiments, including X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS), were performed in a large energy range (60-9000 eV) on a variety of systems, probing different elements and orbitals. The systems can preferably be divided into three groups: Actinides, copper systems and amorphous materials. We studied oxidation states of Pu in PuO2 using a closed-source experimental setup, developed by us, to lower the safety restrictions associated with such experiments. The presence of Pu with higher oxidation state than Pu(IV) was found in polycrystalline PuO2. This is an important finding since Pu with higher oxidation states has higher solubility affecting the safety of a proposed undeground repository of spent nuclear fuel which can eventually be infiltrated by groundwater. In the proposed underground repository the molecular oxygen will vanish at some point due to microbial activity and mineral oxidation. At this stage sulfur is the most important candidate for causing copper corrosion. We studied Cu films and foils exposed to sulfide solutions at both Cu L2,3, Cu K and S L2,3 edges and found for example that S L2,3 XES is useful for distinguishing between different copper sulfides and Cu Kβ XES can be used to identify monovalent Cu compounds. Amorphous, zirconium containing alloys are potentially useful materials for future nuclear reactors. The electronic structure of such materials was also investigated

Estimation of Nonlinear Latent Variable and Mixture Models

In this thesis methods are developed for estimation of latent variable models. In particular nonlinear structural equation models are estimated in the presence of ordinal data and mixture models for count data.  Paper I introduces an extended nonlinear structural model which allows for interactions between exogenous and endogenous latent variables in the presence of ordinal data. The adaptive Gauss-Hermite quadrature (AGHQ) and Laplace approximations are used to approximate intractable integrals. Paper II introduces a semiparametric approach for modeling a flexible nonlinear structural model in the presence of ordinal data. Intractable integrals are approximated by the AGHQ approximation. Paper III investigates and compares the error rates of three versions of the AGHQ approximation. Paper IV develops an extreme value and zero inflated regression model for modeling of count data which includes a proportion of excess zeroes and extreme values. This is a typical situation when modeling the number of fatalities in armed conflicts

Estimation of Nonlinear Latent Variable and Mixture Models

In this thesis methods are developed for estimation of latent variable models. In particular nonlinear structural equation models are estimated in the presence of ordinal data and mixture models for count data.  Paper I introduces an extended nonlinear structural model which allows for interactions between exogenous and endogenous latent variables in the presence of ordinal data. The adaptive Gauss-Hermite quadrature (AGHQ) and Laplace approximations are used to approximate intractable integrals. Paper II introduces a semiparametric approach for modeling a flexible nonlinear structural model in the presence of ordinal data. Intractable integrals are approximated by the AGHQ approximation. Paper III investigates and compares the error rates of three versions of the AGHQ approximation. Paper IV develops an extreme value and zero inflated regression model for modeling of count data which includes a proportion of excess zeroes and extreme values. This is a typical situation when modeling the number of fatalities in armed conflicts

Användning av personametod vid utveckling av informationstjänster för grupper med särskilda behov

Personor som designmetod är både hyllad och ifrågasatt. Scenarier och personor är två modeller som inkluderar användaren på olika sätt. Personor ska visualisera användaren och scenarier illu- strerar användaren i interaktion med den kommande produkten. Syftet med denna studie var att ta reda på om personor tillför något vid utveckling av informationstjänster för särskilda grupper, som scenarier inte redan gör. För att undersöka syftet utvecklades fyra personor med tillhörande scenarier. Dessa var till grund för två workshops där två interaktionsdesigners deltog i den ena och två i den andra. Dessa interaktionsdesigners uppgift var att, med hjälp av antingen personor och scenarier eller bara scenarier, utveckla en prototyp av ett sammanfattningsprogram. Proces- sen analyserades med fokus på hur de pratade om och arbetade med scenarierna och personorna. Resultatet visade att det som skiljer scenarier och personor mest åt är att personor ger en mer emotionell bild än vad scenarier gör. Det är bra att ha personor i ett projekt där användarna är tydligt definierade och svåra för utvecklarna att sätta sig in i. Då är det också bra om utvecklarna är med och skapar personorna och scenarierna så att de lär känna användarna. Då ökar också chansen att utvecklarna litar på sitt material, vilket är en förutsättning för att det ska kunna hjälpa dem i designprocessen

X-ray Spectroscopic Studies of Materials for Nuclear Technology

X-ray spectroscopic experiments, including X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS), were performed in a large energy range (60-9000 eV) on a variety of systems, probing different elements and orbitals. The systems can preferably be divided into three groups: Actinides, copper systems and amorphous materials. We studied oxidation states of Pu in PuO2 using a closed-source experimental setup, developed by us, to lower the safety restrictions associated with such experiments. The presence of Pu with higher oxidation state than Pu(IV) was found in polycrystalline PuO2. This is an important finding since Pu with higher oxidation states has higher solubility affecting the safety of a proposed undeground repository of spent nuclear fuel which can eventually be infiltrated by groundwater. In the proposed underground repository the molecular oxygen will vanish at some point due to microbial activity and mineral oxidation. At this stage sulfur is the most important candidate for causing copper corrosion. We studied Cu films and foils exposed to sulfide solutions at both Cu L2,3, Cu K and S L2,3 edges and found for example that S L2,3 XES is useful for distinguishing between different copper sulfides and Cu Kβ XES can be used to identify monovalent Cu compounds. Amorphous, zirconium containing alloys are potentially useful materials for future nuclear reactors. The electronic structure of such materials was also investigated

X-ray Spectroscopic Studies of Materials for Nuclear Technology

X-ray spectroscopic experiments, including X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS), were performed in a large energy range (60-9000 eV) on a variety of systems, probing different elements and orbitals. The systems can preferably be divided into three groups: Actinides, copper systems and amorphous materials. We studied oxidation states of Pu in PuO2 using a closed-source experimental setup, developed by us, to lower the safety restrictions associated with such experiments. The presence of Pu with higher oxidation state than Pu(IV) was found in polycrystalline PuO2. This is an important finding since Pu with higher oxidation states has higher solubility affecting the safety of a proposed undeground repository of spent nuclear fuel which can eventually be infiltrated by groundwater. In the proposed underground repository the molecular oxygen will vanish at some point due to microbial activity and mineral oxidation. At this stage sulfur is the most important candidate for causing copper corrosion. We studied Cu films and foils exposed to sulfide solutions at both Cu L2,3, Cu K and S L2,3 edges and found for example that S L2,3 XES is useful for distinguishing between different copper sulfides and Cu Kβ XES can be used to identify monovalent Cu compounds. Amorphous, zirconium containing alloys are potentially useful materials for future nuclear reactors. The electronic structure of such materials was also investigated