Family Influences on Adolescents' Peer Groups: Relations with Parents and Sibling Characteristics

This exploratory study examines the influence of parents and siblings on adolescent peer group characteristics. Seventy-eight sibling dyads from six Bangalore high schools provided data used to explore the relationship between parental knowledge of events (parental monitoring), adolescent individual characteristics, sibling characteristics, and adolescent peer group characteristics. Results indicate that parental monitoring and sibling characteristics do predict adolescent and adolescents’ peers’ and substance use, however, it appears that familial influences on adolescent peer groups are mediated through adolescent characteristics. There is no evidence suggesting that older siblings are more influential than younger siblings or those same-sex sibling dyads are more similar than mixed-sex sibling dy

Nuclear Abnormalities in Erythrocytes of Frogs From Wetlands and Croplands of Western Ghats Indicate Environmental Contaminations

Anuran amphibians are the biological models to assess the influence of environmental contamination. We conducted nuclear abnormality assessment and micronuclei test in erythrocytes of frogs to identify an early influence of environmental contaminations. In Western Ghats of India, farmers use different agrochemicals and obviously, the amphibian habitat is contaminated with combinations of many residues. Many frog species use these agro-ecosystem for breeding and to complete early life stage. In the present study, we used Indian skipper frog (Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis (Anura: Ranidae)), a common inhabitant of water bodies in agro-ecosystems of Western Ghats for the assay. We collected the adult frogs from three different habitats; a) the rice paddy fields contaminated with agro-chemicals, b) uncontaminated marsh and c) a shallow water pool. We recorded micronucleus, blebbed, lobed, kidney bean shaped nucleus and nucleus with notches in erythro-cytes of these frogs. These nuclear abnormalities in erythrocytes are quantified. The incidences of occurrence of micronucleus ranged from 0 to 8 in 1000 analyzed cells. More than 80% of the frogs living in agro-chemical contaminated site showed these abnormalities. The appearance of nuclear abnormalities indicates that the frogs are affected by agro-chemicals

Purification and characterisation of a carboxylesterase from the latex ofSynadenium grantii Hook, ‘f’

The latex ofSynadenium grantii was found to contain esterolytic activity. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic study coupled with substrate and inhibitor specificity studies revealed the presence of multiple forms of carboxylesterases and cholinesterases in the latex. One of the carboxylesterases of the latex was purified by acetone fractionation, carboxymethyl-Sephadex chromatography and Sepharose-6B gel filtration. The homogeneity of the enzyme was established by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focussing and sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme consists of a single polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of 14,000. The amino acid analysis of the purified enzyme revealed that it contained a greater number of neutral and acidic, compared to basic amino acid residues. The isoelectric pH of the enzyme was found to be 4.0. The enzyme was a glycoprotein as revealed by periodic acid Schiff-staining technique. Studies with different organophosphate and carbamate inhibitors showed that this enzyme was sensitive to organophosphates. The product inhibition studies with this enzyme showed linear competitive inhibition with acetate and linear non-competitive inhibition with 1-naphthol

Effects of Simple Carbohydrate vs. Carbohydrate-Protein Intake on Glucose Homeostasis Following Intense Exercise

Kluka, J., Baskerville, J., Clifton, K., Fisher, K., Marks, D., Weidner, C., Veerabhadrappa, P. and Braun, W.A. (FACSM), Shippensburg University, Shippensburg, PA. Purpose: To test the effects of simple carbohydrate (CHO) and the combination of CHO and protein on blood glucose (BG) clearance following intense anaerobic exercise. Methods: Eight members (age = 18.8 ± 1.4 years) of the Shippensburg University Football team participated in the study. On separate test days, subjects were given either a placebo (PL) drink, a CHO drink (74 g CHO in 473 ml), or a carbohydrate-protein (C-PRO) drink (58 g CHO and 16 g PRO in 473 ml), upon completing the exercise bout. Before exercise, baseline measurements were taken for BG and heart rate. The subject then completed a 90-sec modified Wingate protocol (resistance set at 70% of the individual’s Wingate protocol resistance). BG was tested post-exercise, and every ten minutes after ingestion of the solution for 60 min. Results: Neither total revolutions completed (PL = 123.0±5.0; CHO = 126.9±3.9; C-PRO = 125.4±2.8) nor post-exercise BG (mg.dl-1) differed across treatments (PL = 88.6±6.5; CHO = 93.1±4.0; C-PRO = 101.1±4.7). However, CHO elicited the highest (p\u3c0.05) mean BG during recovery and the lowest BG was found in the PL. Conclusion: While matching post-exercise energy intake, C-PRO elicited a smaller BG area than CHO but tended to be larger than that of PL (p=0.052). C-PRO may be a better choice for post-exercise intake if aiming to maintain glucose homeostasis during recovery

Movement of Atrazine in Soil Under Furrow Irrigation

Movement of atrazine in response to furrow irrigations was studied using the samples of Timpanogos silt loam soil. Distribution in soil profile of surface applied herbicide was determined by drawing samples of water extracts through porous cylinders. Atrazine quantity was determined by spectrophotometer. It was observed that the herbicide found in the water extracts was an indication of the quantity present in the soil. The herbicide moved readily with the applied water. Irreversible thermodynamic model could not be applied because of the initial and final boundary conditions. The pattern of movement was in conformity with the chromatographic theory

Urban and rural differentials in change in the agricultural phase of 4-H Boy\u27s club work in selected Tennessee counties, 1941-1961

More specifically, then, the purposes of the study were: 1) To compare trends in the average amounts of emphasis (staff time) placed on agricultural work, non-agricultural work and Extension organization, planning, evaluation and reporting of staff members responsible for $-H Boys\u27 Club work in the four selected urban counties (Davidson, Hamilton, Knox and Shelby) and four selected rural counties (Franklin, Gibson, Greene and Marshall) in Tennessee during the period from 1941 to 1961 (see Figure 1) and 2) To consider certain other changes taking place (e.g-, nature of objectives, teaching methods used, strengths and weaknesses) in 4-H Boys\u27 agricultural and non-agricultural work in the selected counties during the period from 1941 to 1961

Assessing the Relationship Between Vape Use and Cardiovascular Disease Risk

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Diagnostic role of hysteroscopy in abnormal uterine bleeding: a comparative study of hysteroscopy findings with histopathology from Mysore, South India

Background: Dilatation and curettage has long been the diagnostic gold standard for abnormal uterine bleeding. However, even a trained gynecological curettes at best 70-80% of the endometrium. Hysteroscopy is gaining acceptability over other diagnostic technique like dilatation and curettage, hysterosalpingogram and ultrasound. The objective of this study is to find out the role of hysteroscopy in abnormal uterine bleeding and to compare hysteroscopy findings with histopathology.Methods: Fifty patients in perimenopausal age group with abnormal uterine bleeding attending JSS Medical College and Hospital Mysore, during the period 1999-2001 were studied by diagnostic hysteroscopy followed by dilatation and curettage.Results: Mean age of the study group was 44.3% years (±2.5 SD). Menorrhagia was the commonest symptom and was found in 68% of the patients. Diagnostic hysteroscopy identified 23 cases as Normal endometrium, 16 cases as endometrial hyperplasia, 3 cases as atrophic endometrium, 4 cases as endometrial polyp, 4 cases as fibroids. Compared with histopathological findings as definitive diagnosis, hysteroscopy correctly picked up 19 cases of (86.9%), normal endometrium, 12 cases of hyperplasia (75%), 3 cases of atrophic endometrium (100%), 4 cases of polyps (100%), and 4 cases of fibroid (100%).Conclusions: Hysteroscopy should be considered as a basic and essential diagnostic procedure in the diagnostic work up of abnormal uterine bleeding.