A Simple Conservative Chaotic Oscillator with Line of Equilibria: Bifurcation Plot, Basin Analysis, and Multistability

Here, a novel conservative chaotic oscillator is presented. Various dynamics of the oscillator are examined. Studying the dynamical properties of the oscillator reveals its unique behaviors. The oscillator is multistable with symmetric dynamics. Equilibrium points of the oscillator are investigated. Bifurcations, Lyapunov exponents (LEs), and the Poincare section of the oscillator's dynamics are analyzed. Also, the oscillator is investigated from the viewpoint of initial conditions. The study results show that the oscillator is conservative and has no dissipation. It also has various dynamics, such as equilibrium point and chaos. The stability analysis of equilibrium points shows there are both stable and unstable fixed points

Systematic review on nine hallmarks of neurodegenerative disease

249-257Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the primary diseases in neurodegenerative diseases. Nowadays, AD is common in one of the ten individuals whose age is more than 65, and its prevalence is kept on increasing with aging. Very few treatments and no effective treatments are available for curing neurodegenerative diseases. Pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and their association with the nine hallmarks of aging were clearly described in this review. Instability in genomic, attrition in telomere, alterations in epigenetics, proteostasis loss, dysfunction in mitochondria, senescence in cells, sensing of deregulated nutrition, exhaustion of stem cells, and alterations in intercellular communication are the nine biological hallmarks of Aging. Improving the medical facilities for neurodegenerative diseases is very much essential. Doctors and researchers are doing surplus research to overcome the unavailability of proper treatments for such neurodegenerative diseases. Reason and the causes behind the diseases and their effects are explained in this review to enhance the further research to help the society

Progress and future challenges in gene vectors, gene therapy systems and gene expressions

Genetic engineering has made sizeable contributions to technical innovation, agriculture, and the development of pharmaceuticals. Various approaches were evolved to control the genetic cloth of cells using both viral and nonviral vector architectures. Gene therapy aims to reverse pathological traits with the aid of the use of viral and nonviral gene shipping mechanisms. Gene transfer motors have made massive strides in becoming more environmentally pleasant, much less risky, and nonimmunogenic, as well as making an allowance for lengthy-time period transgene expression. One of the most tough components of correctly enforcing gene healing treatments in the clinical putting is adjusting gene expression extremely tightly and constantly as and while it's required. This research work will cognizance on using viral vectors for gene concentrated on biological applications with various gene expressions. Due to improvements in viral vector engineering and superior gene regulatory systems to permit and adjust tightly therapeutic gene expression, the technology for using genes to offer a preferred treatment has confirmed to be an effective approac

Tribo-mechanical performance of brake composite material: a comprehensive review

The composite materials are fabricated by combining various ingredients to make higher material properties as required by various industries. The primary classification of composites is based on their build ingredients, such as binder, fibre, reinforcement and fillers. The characteristics of individual ingredients influenced the properties of composites. Further, friction materials are those composite materials efficiently used in vehicles’ braking. Researchers have tried the various formulations of friction materials because it is very significant to study the mechanism and material characteristics due to the safety measures of vehicles. The current study examines the various brake composite materials’ characteristics and their mechanical and tribological performance in this article. The tribological study includes the various terminologies used in friction and wear using pin-on- disc, dynamometer, field studies, etc. The effects of numerous elements impacting the wear of frictional materials are given, and the tribological performances of used friction materials are given the utmost attention

Chimera states in a network of identical oscillators with symmetric coexisting attractors

The chimera states have achieved much interest from researchers of many fields in recent years. Here, the chimera states are investigated in a network of identical oscillators with symmetric coexisting attractors in the ring and multiplex topologies. The effects of various cases are examined by selecting different initial conditions from the basins of attraction. Different states are observed in the network, such as chimera, cluster synchronization, and complete synchronization. The attractors of the oscillators are also under consideration. It is obtained that the attractors of oscillators randomly lye in one of the basins irrespective of the initial conditions and coupling strength. The interlayer synchronization cannot be obtained in the multiplex network, and the layers become synchronized in two symmetric attractors

CFD Simulation of a 3D Solar Chimney Integrated with an Axial Turbine for Power Generation

The solar chimney is one of the uninvestigated areas in the possible selection in the field of renewable solar energy utilization. CFD can be demonstrated as a useful tool of figure confidence in the design and employment of a solar chimney. A realistic numerical model for a solar-based updraft power plant for power generation was established through this research work. Iraqi weather in Kirkuk, northern Iraq was considered for this case study. A three-dimensional (3D) simulation of the main geometric dimensions of the Spanish, Manzanares model integrated with a real turbine was performed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The turbulent model of RNG k-e, the nongrey discrete coordinate (DO) radiation model, and the solar raytracing algorithm were used. It was observed that the air velocity below the turbine was graded according to the seasons of the year and was at its maximum in July with 18.28 m/s due to the high ambient temperature, and the lowest value was recorded in January with 8.64 m/s. The overall average daily and monthly energy production values for the Kirkuk system were higher than those of the Kubang system, with values of 310 kWh/day and 9314 kWh/month, respectively, for the Kirkuk system, and 246 kWh/day and 7398 kWh/month, respectively, for the Kubang system. The simulation results showed that the electricity generation from the Kirkuk city power plant varied seasonally to be at its maximum value of 14,424 kWh/month in July. This research work will help to determine the possibility of producing electricity in this Kirkuk city, which would then contribute in a great way to reduce the cash spent on electricity

A symmetric oscillator with multi-stability and chaotic dynamics: bifurcations, circuit implementation, and impulsive control

Finding chaotic oscillators with unique properties is a hot topic. In this paper, a symmetric oscillator with multi-stability is proposed. This oscillator has bounded dynamics for any initial conditions. It is also shown that the oscillator has one unstable equilibrium. This paper studies the dynamical properties of the oscillator, such as chaotic attractors, Lyapunov exponents (LEs), bifurcation diagrams, and the basin of attraction. Its feasibility is shown by circuit implementation. In addition, the stabilization of the system is investigated by impulsive control

A Chaotic Quadratic Oscillator with Only Squared Terms: Multistability, Impulsive Control, and Circuit Design

Here, a chaotic quadratic oscillator with only squared terms is proposed, which shows various dynamics. The oscillator has eight equilibrium points, and none of them is stable. Various bifurcation diagrams of the oscillator are investigated, and its Lyapunov exponents (LEs) are discussed. The multistability of the oscillator is discussed by plotting bifurcation diagrams with various initiation methods. The basin of attraction of the oscillator is discussed in two planes. Impulsive control is applied to the oscillator to control its chaotic dynamics. Additionally, the circuit is implemented to reveal its feasibility

Synthesis and Optimization of Cr (VI) Removal from Aqueous Solution by Activated Carbon with Magnetic Fe3O4Nanoparticles by Response Surface Methodology

In this study, the activated carbon with Fe3O4 nanoparticles was synthesized and employed as an effective tool to remove the Cr (VI) from the aqueous solution. The process inputs like concentration of Cr (VI), the dosage of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in activated carbon, and pH of the aqueous solution were optimized by response surface methodology, and their effects were studied. The statistical analysis by ANOVA showed that the process inputs were significantly affected the removal rate, with the maximum impact provided by the pH of the aqueous solution. The best parameters were identified to be pH of 3, aqueous solution concentration of 12 mg/L, the dosage of 1.5 g/L, and adsorption time of 40 min. SEM, EDS, and FTIR characterized the synthesized activated carbon/Fe3O4 samples with magnetic characteristics. Adsorption isotherms and adsorption kinetics analyzed the chemical stability of the synthesized nanocomposite

A Chaotic Quadratic Oscillator with Only Squared Terms: Multistability, Impulsive Control, and Circuit Design

Here, a chaotic quadratic oscillator with only squared terms is proposed, which shows various dynamics. The oscillator has eight equilibrium points, and none of them is stable. Various bifurcation diagrams of the oscillator are investigated, and its Lyapunov exponents (LEs) are discussed. The multistability of the oscillator is discussed by plotting bifurcation diagrams with various initiation methods. The basin of attraction of the oscillator is discussed in two planes. Impulsive control is applied to the oscillator to control its chaotic dynamics. Additionally, the circuit is implemented to reveal its feasibility