Relationship Between Innovation and Sustainability in Farms Producing Paddy in Bafra District of Samsun, Turkey

The purposes of the study focused on the relationship between innovation and sustainability were to (i) measure the sustainability level and the level of benefiting from innovation in farms producing paddy in Bafra district of Samsun and (ii) explore the relationship between innovation and sustainability. The research data sources were farms producing paddy, previous studies related paddy, related institutions, view of academician and technical person in the research area and field observation. The farm level data covered the period of 2013 and collected from randomly selected 60 farms by using well-structured questionnaire. To measure economic, environmental and social sustainability, sustainability index was used while we used innovation index for exploring the level of benefiting innovation. Research results revealed that economic performance and innovation capacity of second group farms was better comparing to rest. Research results also showed that the sustainability was higher in farms that their benefiting level from innovation is high. Positive effects of innovation on sustainability were lower than of second and third ones. The study suggests initiating the farmers’ education program based on farmers’ need. For small scale farms that their benefiting level from innovation was low, financial and infra structure support may strength the relationship between innovation and sustainability. Keywords: Paddy farms, innovation, sustainability, Samsu

Effect of Different Crop Management System on Technical Efficiency in Sugarcane Production in Faisalabad, Punjab Region of Pakistan

Sugarcane plays an important role in the economic sustainability of the sugarcane growers. The high return of it attracts the farm scale to devote a part of land to sugarcane relatively to their land holdings and economic returns differs associated with crop management type such as ratoon, fresh and mixed. Therefore, the study examined the technical efficiency level of small, medium and large farmers under different crop management system as fresh, ratoon and mixed crop system. The bulk of the data were collected from randomly selected 100 sugarcane growers by using face to face interview. Cluster analysis was performed to select similar growers in terms of manager’s profile, profitability and land ownership for small, medium and large farmers. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) was used to calculate the efficiency scores such as technical efficiency, allocative efficiency and economic efficiency. Research results showed that the education level of the large farmers was satisfactory level comparing to others. Most small farmers were illiterate. The difference among the farm size in terms of the variables of age of respondents, sugarcane experience and family members were statistically significant at the 5% probability level. The high acreages of land holdings enabled the farmers to devote the huge area to sugarcane crops. The acreages at large farms were significantly high and also keep their more acres of land under sugarcane crop by 6.49 acres out of 13.66 acres. Based on the results of efficiency analysis, the main sources of economic inefficiency was allocative efficiency in the research area, indicating that monitoring input prices in market was critical for the sample farmers. Comparative analysis showed that mixed cropping system was the worst management system in terms of efficiency scores. Farmers would increase their economic efficiency if they improved their skills through participating the extension and training programs and by monitoring the input market conditions when allocated their factors harmonious with factor prices. Keywords: Efficiency scores, Sugarcane, Farm scale, Faisalabad, Management syste

500 KW Rüzgar Türbini İçin Ana Şaft Tasarımı Ve Analizi

Konferans Bildirisi -- Teorik ve Uygulamalı Mekanik Türk Milli Komitesi, 2013Conference Paper -- Theoretical and Applied Mechanical Turkish National Committee, 2013Bu çalışmada, 500 kW güç üreten bir rüzgar türbinin ana şaftının tasarımı ve yapısal analizleri yapılmıştır. Ana şaftın boyutlandırılmasında yorulma kriterlerinin esas alınması gerekmektedir. Ana şaftın yorulmaya ait yük durumu ise literatürde bulunan ampirik formüller kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır. Yorulma analizlerinde şaftı çevrimsel yüklerle zorlayan rotor ağırlığının yanında rüzgar kesmesi ve kule blokaj etkisi vb. sebeplerle ortaya çıkan değişken eğilme momenti ve tork değerleri de hesaba katılmıştır. Ana şaftın kritik kesitlerindeki çap hesabı, ASME Eliptik yorulma kriteri kullanılarak sonsuz ömre göre yapılmıştır. Ana şaftın tasarımındaki kritik bölgeler şaftın yataklandığı bölge ve şaftın dişli kutusuna bağlandığı bölgedir. Ayrıca, kontrol amaçlı olarak Uluslararası Elektroteknik Komisyonu’nun (International Electrotechnical Commision) yayınlamış olduğu IEC 64100-1 standardında belirtilen yükleme şartları için ana şaftın statik analizleri ANSYS 14.5 sonlu elemanlar yazılımı kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Şaftın sonlu eleman modeli SOLID185 elemanlar kullanılarak oluşturulmuştur. Ayrıca, ana şaft - göbek bağlantı elemanlarının analizi de bu çalışma kapsamında yapılmıştır. Sayısal ve analitik yöntemler kullanılarak elde edilen deformasyon ve gerilme sonuçları karşılaştırılmış ve iyi bir uyum olduğu görülmüştür.In this paper, the main shaft which is one of the important structural parts for a 500 kW wind turbine has been designed. The fatigue criteria has been based on sizing the main shaft. The main shafts critic desing loads have been calculated by empirical formulas which are on the literatures. Oscillation moments of the torque and the flexural moments which is created by wind share, and effect of tower, etc. have been envisaged for analytical and numerical studies. In this study, the main shaft has been designed for infinite life using with ASME Elliptic criteria. There are two critic areas which are supported and connected to the gear box. In addition Iternational Electrotechnical Commision (IEC) 64100-1 standards have been based on the critic design load cases. The main shaft and the fasteners are modeled using the finite element method. The finite element model of the shaft is designed using with SOLID185 elements. Its static analysis have been achieved with using ANSYS 14.5 software. Also a comparison of two different approximations have been mentioned in this paper. The values of analitic and numerical of deplacement and stress are compared each

A research on comparison of technical efficiencies of vocational school in different universities of Turkey

Araştırmada, üç farklı üniversiteye bağlı Meslek yüksekokullarında etkinliklerin ölçülmesi amaçlanmıştır. Etkinlik analizi, girdiye yönelik Veri Zarflama Yöntemi kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın girdileri, program sayısı, derslik sayısı, bütçe (TL), öğretim elemanı sayısı, eğitim alanı (m2), idari personel sayısı, öğretim elemanlarına ait bilgisayar sayısı, öğrencilere ait bilgisayar sayısı ve kayıtlı öğrenci sayısıdır. Çıktıları ise mezun öğrenci sayıları, öğrencilerin mezuniyet not ortalaması ve öğretim elemanları tarafından yapılan bilimsel makale sayısıdır. Araştırma sonuçları MYO’ların %67’sinin etkin çalıştıklarını ortaya koymuştur. MYO’lar etkinlik sağlamak için girdi azaltmak yerine çıktıları arttırmalıdırlar.Inthepresentstudy, it wasaimedtomeasure of efficiencies of vocationalschools of threedifferentuniversities. Efficiencyanalysiswasperformedusinginputorienteddataenvelopmentanalysis. Inputswereused in thestudywerenumber of departments, number of classrooms, budget (TL), number of academicstaffs, number of administrativestaffs, trainingarea (m2), number of computersusedbyacademicandadministrativestaffsandnumber of students. Andoutputswerenumber of graduatedstudents, averageacademicpoints of graduatedstudentsandnumber of scientificpublication. Researchresultsrevealedthat 67% of vocationalschoolswereefficiency. Vocationalschools, toefficiency, shouldincreasetheoutputsratherthandecrease of theinputs

Measuring the technical and economic efficiencies of the dry apricot farms in Turkey

WOS:000288779300061The aims of the study were to estimate the efficiency measures of dry apricot farms in Malatya province of Turkey and to explore determinants of cost inefficiency. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was used to measure efficiencies. Data used in the study was obtained from 97 farms selected by stratified random sampling method. Research results showed that in the first group, the mean technical, allocative and cost efficiencies for sample farms were measured to be 0.738, 0.760 and 0.558, respectively. In the second group, they were 0.905, 0.762 and 0.697, respectively. Efficiency scores revealed that inefficient farms in both farm size groups might reduce the production costs by 30.3% and 44.2%, respectively. Based on the results of the decomposition of the technical efficiency, pure technical inefficiency was the primary cause of technical inefficiency in both groups. Research results also showed that the education level of farm head and non-farm income influenced the cost inefficiency negatively while the variables of tractor ownership, the ratio of apricot land size to farm size, number of apricot trees and marketing cost had the positive effect on cost inefficiency in the first group. In the second group, there was positive relationship between cost inefficiency and the variables of family size, number of irrigation and number of apricot trees. The study suggested that designing farmers training, extension programs and income diversification increase economic efficiency in the research area. Rearranging the structure of the farm and controlling marketing cost may be also beneficial in the research area

Türk Yetişkinlerinde Dislipidemik Hipertansiyon: Yaygınlığı ve Koroner Riske Bindirdiği Yük.

Onat A, Toprak S, Ceyhan K, Sansoy V. Türk Yetişkinlerinde Dislipidemik Hipertansiyon: Yaygınlığı ve Koroner Riske Bindirdiği Yük. Turk Kardiyoloji Dergisi Ars. 2002; 30: 402-40

The financial feasibility of hazelnut husk and sewage sludge based vermicompost production

Recycling the waste such as hazelnut husk, sewage sludge etc. has been one of the issues into the agenda of many countries. Therefore the purpose of the study was to examine the economic feasibility of the vermicompost production. Technical data about composting hazelnut husk and sewage sludge were gathered from past research. The time series data such as production, export, import and price of vermicompost collected from TURKSTAT, FAO and related institutions. Autoregressive integrating moving average model (ARIMA) and smoothing methods such as double exponential model and winter model were used in forecasting process. We followed net present value and internal rate of return procedures when evaluating the financial feasibility of the facility having one ton vermicompost production capacity per day. Research results showed that the profitability of vermicompost production facility was high, while the likelihood of loss was less. Vermicompost production facility with approximately 130 thousands of US dollars initial investment provided net present value of 1.28 million of US dollars during the economic life. The internal rate of vermicompost production facility was 23%. Research results also revealed that production cost of vermicompost was $0.2 per kilogram. Since vermicompost production facility investment with high profitability and low level of risk was good investment alternatives facing with low level of competitive in market, the study suggest to investors who has good back grounding about sector that they should pay attention to marketing system and market observation about organic input market