Aversi?n a la p?rdida asociada al ahorro voluntario con fin previsional: an?lisis desde la perspectiva de las finanzas del comportamiento

La investigaci?n tiene como objetivo identificar la existencia de aversi?n a la p?rdida y tasas de descuento hiperb?licas que influir?an en las decisiones de las personas respecto al ahorro previsional voluntario. Se desarrolla una revisi?n de la literatura desde la econom?a cl?sica hasta las finanzas conductuales e identifica los sesgos de status quo, efecto dotaci?n, as? como tasas de descuento hiperb?licas como factores que alientan a las personas a no ahorrar voluntariamente para su jubilaci?n. El trabajo de investigaci?n utiliza como metodolog?a un dise?o experimental de corte transversal y de tipo correlacional, cuya poblaci?n objetivo son los residentes de Lima Metropolitana, consider?ndose una muestra por conveniencia y dividida en: grupo base (menores a 50 a?os) y grupo tratamiento (entre mayores a 50 hasta 65 a?os). Los datos obtenidos se analizaron mediante los modelos econom?tricos logit multinomial ordenado y probit multinomial, logrando comprobar la existencia de aversi?n a la p?rdida a trav?s del status quo y efecto dotaci?n, al hallar un comportamiento en que las personas prefieren mantener su situaci?n actual y valorar su patrimonio presente. Respecto a las tasas hiperb?licas, se comprob? la tendencia de valorar m?s el consumo presente en lugar del consumo futuro

Easy move

En este estudio se examina la creación de la idea de negocio llamada Easy Move. Esta idea de negocio quiere aprovechar el boom inmobiliaria que se presenta en Perú adaptando las necesidades del mercado al servicio. El concepto de este servicio es de conectar a un transportista independiente con un cliente interesado en el servicio de mudanza. Por medio de hipótesis y concierge se examinan los posibles escenarios de este negocio y se va dando forma a la idea negocio de acuerdo a las necesidades de los clientes. Los datos analizados muestran que existen diferentes tipos de necesidades en las personas que se quieren mudar. Se identifican diferentes tipos de clientes, las personas que planifican su mudanza, las personas que no planifican su mudanza y necesitan mudarse de inmediato y los transportistas independientes que necesitan clientes interesados en sus servicios. Además, los datos analizados reflejan que, si se resuelve el problema de un potencial cliente, este se sentirá satisfecho y adquirirá el servicio.This study examines the creation of the business idea called Easy Move. This business idea is going to take advantage of the real estate boom that is present in Peru, adapting the needs of the market to the service. The concept of this service is to connect an independent carrier with a customer interested in moving services. By means of hypothesis and concierge, the possible scenarios of this business are examined, and the business idea is shaped according to the needs of the clients. The data analysed showed that there are different types of needs in people who want to move. Different types of clients are identified, the people who plan their move, the people who do not plan their move, and need to move immediately and the independent carriers that need clients interested in their services. In addition, the analysed data reflects that if the problem of a potential client is solved, they will feel satisfied and will require the service.Trabajo de investigació

Hortaliceras Mapuche, significados atribuidos a ocupaciones ancestrales: Mapuche hortaliceras, meanings attributed to ancestral occupations

Este estudio resalta una de las ocupaciones más significativas y tradicionales dentro del pueblo Mapuche, ser hortalicera en Temuco, Región de La Araucanía.   El análisis de la información se realizó a través de metodología cualitativa de tipo explorando como ocupaciones de tipo ancestral cobran sentido y tienen diversos significados dentro de la cosmovisión y territorio mapuche, empleando la teoría fenomenológica y paradigma interpretativo. Para la obtención de información se aplicó una entrevista semiestructurada, cuyos tópicos fueron: formas ocupacionales, significados, propósitos y contextos. Los principales resultados encontrados indican que la ocupación de hortalicera es una práctica cultural del pueblo Mapuche, la cual está ligada a la naturaleza e influyen en ella los contextos culturales, familiares, institucionales, legales, entre otros. A modo de conclusión se evidencia que el significado que las mujeres hortaliceras mapuche le asignan a su ocupación se construye en base a la relación entre los componentes de su diario vivir, es decir, estos significados son influenciados por las formas ocupacionales, los propósitos y contextos, siendo relevante para la Terapia Ocupacional considerar estos aspectos para realizar intervenciones con sentido y pertinencia cultural.Resumen Este estudio resalta una de las ocupaciones más significativas y tradicionales dentro del pueblo Mapuche, ser hortalicera en Temuco, Región de La Araucanía.   El análisis de la información se realizó a través de metodología cualitativa de tipo explorando como ocupaciones de tipo ancestral cobran sentido y tienen diversos significados dentro de la cosmovisión y territorio mapuche, empleando la teoría fenomenológica y paradigma interpretativo. Para la obtención de información se aplicó una entrevista semiestructurada, cuyos tópicos fueron: formas ocupacionales, significados, propósitos y contextos. Los principales resultados encontrados indican que la ocupación de hortalicera es una práctica cultural del pueblo Mapuche, la cual está ligada a la naturaleza e influyen en ella los contextos culturales, familiares, institucionales, legales, entre otros. A modo de conclusión se evidencia que el significado que las mujeres hortaliceras mapuche le asignan a su ocupación se construye sobre la base de la relación entre los componentes de su diario vivir, es decir, estos significados son influenciados por las formas ocupacionales, los propósitos y contextos, siendo relevante para la Terapia Ocupacional considerar estos aspectos para realizar intervenciones con sentido y pertinencia cultural. Palabras clave: Mujeres mapuche. Hortaliceras. Ocupaciones. Pueblos Originarios. Ocupaciones ancestrales. Resumo Este estudo ressalta uma das ocupações mais significativas e tradicionais do povo mapuche: o cultivo de hortaliças em Temuco, região de Araucânia. A análise da informação foi realizada através de uma metodologia qualitativa, abordando como as ocupações do tipo ancestral fazem sentido e têm diferentes significados dentro da visão de mundo e do território Mapuche, usando a teoria fenomenológica e o paradigma interpretativo. Para obtenção das informações, foi aplicada uma entrevista semiestruturada, cujos temas foram: formas ocupacionais, significados, propósitos e contextos. Os principais resultados encontrados indicam que a ocupação da horta é uma prática cultural do povo mapuche, que está ligada à natureza e sofre influências de contextos culturais, familiares, institucionais, jurídicos, entre outros. Como conclusão, fica evidente que o sentido que as horticulturas mapuche atribuem à sua ocupação é construído a partir da relação entre os componentes de sua vida cotidiana, ou seja, esses significados são influenciados por formas, finalidades e contextos ocupacionais, sendo relevante para a Terapia Ocupacional considerar esses aspectos para realizar intervenções com significado e relevância cultural. Palavras-chave: Mulheres Mapuche. Hortaliceras. Ocupações. Povos nativos. Ocupações ancestrais. Abstract This study highlights one of the most significant and traditional occupations within the Mapuche people as a market gardener in Temuco, Araucanía Region.   The analysis of the information was carried out through a qualitative methodology exploring how ancestral occupations make sense and have diverse meanings within the Mapuche cosmovision and territory, using phenomenological theory and an interpretative paradigm. For data collection, semi-structured interviews were conducted on the following topics: sociodemographic characteristics, occupational forms, meanings, purposes, and contexts. The main results indicate that the occupation of hortalicera is a cultural practice of the Mapuche people, which is linked to nature and influenced by cultural, family, institutional, and legal contexts, among others. In conclusion, it is evident that the meaning that Mapuche horticultural women assign to their occupation is built on the basis of the relationship between the components of their daily life; that is, these meanings are influenced by occupational forms, purposes, and contexts, and are relevant for Occupational Therapy to consider these aspects to carry out interventions with meaning and cultural relevance. Key words: Mapuche women. Hortaliceras. Occupations. Native Peoples. Ancestral occupations

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Clinicopathological factors associated with the presence of tumor deposits in resected gastric cancer patients

Purpose: The role of tumor deposits (TDs) in the staging of gastric cancer is currently debatable. TDs are defined as tumoral nodules in perigastric adipose tissue with no evidence of lymphatic, vascular, or neural structures. Clinicopathological factors related to the presence of TDs are not well defined. This study aimed to identify the clinicopathological factors associated with the presence of TDs in resected gastric cancer patients. Materials and methods: This prospective study included patients diagnosed with gastric cancer and treated with D2 radical gastrectomy from January 2019 to January 2020. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the factors related to the presence of TDs. Results: A total of 111 patients were eligible and TDs were present in 31 of them (28%). In the univariate analysis, male gender (p = 0.027), tumor size ≥ 5cm (p = ≤0.001), serosa and adjacent organs invasion (pT4a and pT4b) (p = ≤0.001), ≥16 metastatic lymph nodes (pN3b) (p = ≤0.001), and TNM stage III tumors (p = ≤0.001) were significantly associated with the presence of TDs. The multivariate analysis showed that a tumors size ≥5 cm (OR = 3.69, 95% CI: 1.17–11.6), serosa and adjacent organs invasion (pT4a and pT4b) (OR = 3.78, 95% CI: 1.31–10.86) and ≥16 metastatic lymph nodes (pN3b) (OR = 3.21, 95%CI:1.06–9.7) were independent risk factors for the presence of TDs. Conclusions: Larger tumors (tumor size ≥ 5cm), serosa and adjacent organs invasion (pT4 and pT4b), and ≥16 metastatic lymph nodes (pN3b) were independent risk factors for the presence of TDs

Fundamentos de la Salud - ME137 - 202101

Curso de especialidad de la carrera de Medicina, con carácter teórico-práctico. Articula las dimensiones biológica, psicológica y social del individuo, con el objetivo de desarrollar la principal herramienta de todo médico, la relación médico paciente. El curso de Fundamentos de la salud está dirigido a estudiantes del primer ciclo. Busca desarrollar la competencia general de ciudadanía (nivel 1) y las competencias específicas de salud Pública:Diagnóstico situacional y de Profesionalismo: Sentido ético legal y responsabilidad profesional (nivel 1). Es un curso base 1para la Práctica Médica ya que permite entablar relaciones empáticas con los pacientes y adquirir habilidades clínicas básicas. Además el curso tiene el propósito de desarrollar habilidades para un proceder racional y efectivo en situaciones de emergencia prehospitalaria, lo cual resulta útil desde ya en la vida cotidiana